Hello Friends! This PPT is about European Dictators: Mussolini, Stalin and Hitler based on the 10th std Maharashtra State Board (SSC) Textbook. You can use this information for your projects. Best of Luck!

1. European Dictators
Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler

2. Italy and Mussolini
• After WWI Italy’s leadership
was unstable and indecisive
• Mussolini, once a strong
promoter of socialism, helped
create a new political group
called the National Fascist
Party
• Wanted to build an Italian
empire that would be more
glorious than the Roman
Empire
• He believed fascism was
necessary to make Italy strong
• Fascism places the good of the
nation above all else, including
individual rights; an all-
powerful dictator makes all
major decisions

3. Mussolini in
Power
• Mussolini’s fascist party got a
lot of support, but he wanted
total control
• He organized a march on
Rome to force the king of Italy
to give him power, and the king
put Mussolini in charge
• Mussolini use propaganda to
promote his ideas and
convince the people that Italy
was the greatest country on
Earth
• Introduced new holidays and
festivals to remind people if
their Roman heritage

4. Ethiopia
• Mussolini wanted to display
Italy’s military strength and
expand his empire
• He chose to invade Ethiopia for
two reasons
• Ethiopia was an easy target
• It was the territory that had
defeated the Italian armies
during the Age of Imperialism
• The League of Nations refused
to stop Mussolini from
conquering Ethiopia because
they were afraid it would lead to
another world war

5. Stalin and the
Soviet Union

6. After Lenin
• Lenin did not choose a
successor to his position, so
when he died there was a
struggle for power
• Stalin eventually won the battle
for power and took over as
leader of the Soviet Union
• Unlike Lenin, Stalin did not
follow Karl Marx’s communist
theory to lead
• Instead of gradually reducing
government power, Stalin
turned the Soviet Union into a
totalitarian state

7. The Five-Year Plans
• Stalin wanted to improve the economy and implemented
five-year production goals for all factories and mines
• The plans increased production greatly, but they forced
the workers to meet increasingly high demands

8. Collectivization
• Stalin took away all
lands from peasant
farmers created large,
mechanized farms to
increase production
• When the peasants
protested, he had them
killed or sent to Siberia;
millions of resisters in
the Ukraine starved to
death when Stalin
refused to send them
food during a famine

9. The Purges
• Stalin constantly feared that
people were plotting against
him
• He had political opponents
arrested or killed, and then he
purged thousands of people in
his own government
• Stalin ordered secret police to
eliminate Russian citizens who
they thought might be anti-
communist
• People were very afraid of
appearing anti-communist, so
they did everything they could
to show their faith in the Soviet
Union

10. Hitler and Nazi Germany

11. How did Hitler Turn the
Chancellorship into a
Dictatorship?

12. January 1933
The depression
after the Wall
Street Crash made
many more people
vote for the Nazis
because they
promised to rebuild
Germany
In 1933 advisors
convinced
Hindenburg that
Hitler should
become Chancellor

13. February 1933

14. February 1933
 The Reichstag, the building where the
German government met, burned down
 A communist was found inside the building.
He admitted responsibility after having “a
little chat” with Nazi officials
 Chancellor Hitler was able to convince
people that the Communists were trying to
take power by terrorism
 He was able to have the Communists
banned from the Reichstag

15. March 1933
HITLER CAN
RULE ALONE
FOR FOUR
YEARS WITHOUT
HAVIINGTO
CONSULT THE
REICHSTAG
With the Communists
banned from the Reichstag
Hitler was able to pass:

16. The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to make his own
laws, so he banned all other political parties!

18. June 1934
•Now I have got rid of opposition
political groups, I can now deal
with opposition in my party.
•The head of the S.A. is very
unpopular with the German army
leaders who have the power to
overthrow me
•I’ve been worried about him for
a while, so this is a good excuse
to get rid of him

19. The Night of the Long Knives
• Hitler had to get
rid of the head of
the S.A. He was too
much of a threat
• On the night of
June 30 1934,
Hitler’s S.S. killed
over 1000 SA
members including
their leader
• The army was
pleased and Hitler
gained their
support

20. August 1934
A final note
PRESIDENT HINDENBURG’S
ALLOWED HITER TO COMBINE
THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR
AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED
HIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’.

21. Every soldier swore a personal
oath of loyalty to ADOLF
HITLER.

23. HITLER
BECAME
CHANCELLOR
THE
REICHSTAG
FIRE
THE
ENABLING
ACT
THE NIGHT
OF THE
LONG
KNIVES
DEATH OF
PRESIDENT
HINDENBURG
OATH OF
LOYALTY
TO
HITLER

24. Putting Germany Back to Work

25. Germany 1933
 By January 1933, unemployment
had reached 6,000,000.
 No one would loan Germany
money to run the country
 The Weimar Government couldn’t
do anything to help the
unemployed
 Hitler was elected on a promise to
give the German people ‘Bread &
Jobs’

26. Impact of Hitler’s Policies on Unemployment
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Series1 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
Series2 6,014,000 3,773,000 2,974,000 2,520,000 1,853,000 1,052,000 302,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

27. How Did Hitler Put Germany Back to Work?

28. RAD – The National Labor Service
 Gave men jobs in public
work schemes
 Men in RAD had to wear a
uniform & live in camps
 They were given free meals
and pocket money
 They built drainage ditches,
schools, a new network of
motorways and planted new
forests

29. What was the goal
of Hitler’s Public
Works Program?
Kick start the
Cycle of
Prosperity
To improve the public
transport network for
industrial & military use
To improve the
living conditions of
the German people
To build impressive
buildings so that the
German people
would feel proud

30. Autarky – National
Self Sufficiency
 Hitler wanted to make
Germany a strong
independent country that was
sufficient in food and materials
 Germany had lost WWI
because it had run out of food
and war materials
 German scientists developed
all sorts of artificial substitutes
such as gas from coal and
coffee from acorns
 These new substitutes were
made in Germany and gave
the unemployed jobs in new
industries
 Hitler also encouraged the
growth of the car industry

31. The Car Industry
 Designed by Porsche
and nicked named ‘The
Peoples Car’, known
today as the ……?

32. Car Industry
Created Jobs in
other industries
because of the
need for
standardized parts.
Car Production could
easily be switched to the
production of military
vehicles
Produced low cost
cars which helped to
keep the German
people happy
Steel
Glass
Rubber
Leather
Cycle of Prosperity

33. What Other Things Did Hitler Do to Reduce
Unemployment?
 By 1934 all Jews were fired from civil service jobs which
were then given to German workers.
 Unemployed Jews were not registered.
 Women lost their jobs which were given to men.
 People who refused jobs offered by the labor service were
arrested and put into concentration camps.