CULTURE DURING THE COMMUNIST REGIME IN HUNGARY: THE MEMENTO PARK
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OWTFMemento Park is an open-air museum in Budapest that contains over 40 large statues that were removed from public areas in Hungary after the fall of communism in 1989. The statues include large sculptures of Lenin, Marx, Engels and other communist leaders. An architect designed the park to preserve these monumental statues and remind visitors of Hungary's communist past. It has become a popular tourist attraction where people can view propaganda art and monuments that were once prominently displayed throughout Hungary.
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The document summarizes key events leading to the collapse of the communist regime in Poland, including the formation of opposition groups like KOR and Solidarity in the 1970s-1980s, Pope John Paul II's visits to Poland which inspired the people, the establishment of Solidarity as an independent trade union in 1980, Lech Wałęsa being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, Round Table Talks between the communist party and Solidarity in 1989, and the first democratic elections that year which led to Tadeusz Mazowiecki becoming the first non-communist Prime Minister of Poland.
FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE FALL OF COMMUNISM IN POLAND
John Paul II, Anna Walentynowicz, Jacek Kuroń, Lech Wałęsa, and Henryka Krzywonos-Strycharska all contributed to the fall of communism in Poland. John Paul II gave support to the Polish people and inspired them to believe they could change the political system. Anna Walentynowicz's firing ignited strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk that grew into the Solidarity movement. Jacek Kuroń helped theorize the democratic opposition movement. Lech Wałęsa led the strikes in Gdansk and became the leader of the Solidarity trade union. Henryka Krzywonos-Stry
FEEDBACK TO GDR CULTURE AND MOVIES
The document provides feedback on films and culture in East and West Germany. It summarizes two films - "Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee" which depicts the lifestyle of youth in East Berlin and their rebellion against government controls, and "Good Bye Lenin" which shows a son's efforts to prevent his mother from experiencing shock over the fall of the Berlin Wall by restaging life in East Germany for her. It also discusses restrictions on art and literature by the communist government in East Germany and differences in music scenes between East and West Berlin.
The Restoration of Independence in 1991
The document summarizes key events in Lithuania's restoration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It describes how the Reform Movement of Lithuania (Sąjūdis) led the struggle for independence in the late 1980s. It also discusses the Baltic Way protest in 1989, where over 2 million people formed a human chain across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Finally, it provides details of the January Events in 1991 when 14 civilians were killed after Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union.
The Battle of Vukovar
The Battle of Vukovar began in 1991 as Yugoslavia broke down and Croatia declared independence. Serb paramilitary troops blockaded Vukovar and the Yugoslav army supported Serbian rebels in seizing territory. Despite being vastly outnumbered, the defenders of Vukovar resisted for nearly three months until the city fell in November 1991. After the city's capture, thousands of Vukovar residents were killed or taken to Serbian concentration camps, and mass graves containing over 1,200 bodies were discovered around Vukovar. The battle resulted in thousands of deaths and the ethnic cleansing of the city's Croat population.
SINGING REVOLUTION AND BALTIC WAY 1985-1991
In 1985, Mihhail Gorbatšov became the General Secretary of the Communist Party and initiated reforms of reconstruction and disclosure. In 1987, the liberation movement entered a new phase as four men proposed completing Estonia's territorial self-governance. By 1988, a mass heritage conservation movement had formed in Estonia and the Estonian flag was reborn as independence sentiments grew stronger. On November 16, 1988 the Estonian SSR Council adopted a Declaration of Independence, marking Estonia's break from the Soviet Union.
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The document summarizes three key events that led to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989: 1) The Pan-European Picnic in August 1989 allowed hundreds of East Germans to escape to the West. 2) The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989 occurred after thousands of East Germans streamed to border crossings expecting eased travel restrictions based on miscommunication. 3) Weekly political rallies in Leipzig throughout the autumn of 1989 saw hundreds of thousands protest peacefully against the East German government and call for democratic reforms.
Politicians of Estonia
The document provides biographical information on several Estonian political and historical figures from the 20th century:
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- Edgar Savisaar, a current politician and former Prime Minister and Mayor of Tallinn, who played an important leadership role in Estonia's transition to independence in the 1990s.
- Lennart Meri, the 2nd President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001, who was an influential writer and filmmaker as well as statesman and helped secure Estonia's
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9
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Chapter 2
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 1. Memento park
- 2. History • Memento park is an open-air museum in Budapest • It contains monumental statues from the Communist period of time in Hungary • The park was designed by a Hungarian architect
- 3. • People can find 42 statues here • After the fall of the Communist regime in Hungary in 1989, many of the Communist statues and monuments were removed. These formed the basis of the current collection in the statue park. • On 29th June 1993 the open-air museum was opened
- 4. • In 2006 a life-sized copy of the tribune of the Stalin Monument was built in the Statue Park • In 2007 a new exhibition hall and a small movie theatre was opened in the park
- 5. The statues • The Main entrance – It's a 12- meter- high ‘communist scenery’ designed by the Hungarian Ákos Előd – Statues: Lenin, Marx and Engels
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- 7. • The Hungarian-Soviet Friendship Memorial – Designed by Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl in 1956 – Its material: bronze – Its original location: Szent László Square in Budapest
- 8. • The Liberation Memorial Stone – Its designer is unknown – Designed in 1960 – Its material: stone – Its original location: Dísz Square In Budapest • The Soviet Heroic Memorial – Designed by László Péter in 1951 – Its material: limestone – Its original location: Rage park
- 9. • The Lenin Relife – Designed by Iván Szabó in 1970 – Its material: bronze • The Republic of Councils Monument was based on a revolutionary poster in 1919
- 10. • The Statue of Dimitrov – Designed by Valentin Sztarcsev in 1983 – Its material: bronze – Its original location: Fővám Square in Budapest
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