The document summarizes the events leading up to the Russian Revolution. It describes the oppressive system of serfdom that existed in pre-revolutionary Russia, as well as unrest that began with Russia's loss in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 and continued during World War I due to food shortages and military failures. Growing discontent led Czar Nicholas II to abdicate in early 1917, though a provisional government failed to stabilize Russia. This created an opening for Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks to seize power and establish a communist Soviet Union later that year.