Stalin's purges
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An overview of developments in the 1930s when Stalin sought to maximise his own political control at a time of rapid economic and social change.
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The Great Terror and the Reign os Stalin
The document discusses Stalin's Great Terror and purges in the Soviet Union during the 1930s. It describes how Stalin used state machinery like the secret police to eliminate enemies through public show trials and labor camps. Over time, Stalin purged members of the left opposition, party officials, the military, secret police, and eventually the right opposition. By some estimates, hundreds of thousands of people were executed during the Yezhovschina period from 1937-1938 as Stalin consolidated his power and control over the Soviet Union.
Purge 1936 1938 powerpoint
The Purge of 1936-1938 in the Soviet Union was a series of political persecutions initiated by Joseph Stalin to eliminate his perceived opponents. Stalin, the paranoid leader of the Soviet Union, had government officials, Communist party members, and others imprisoned, executed, or sent to labor camps on suspicions of disloyalty or revolution. Over this period, Stalin conducted three Moscow Trials to publicly try and condemn former Bolshevik leaders and others for conspiring against him and the regime, which resulted in many deaths. In total, the purge impacted around 5 million Soviet citizens and helped Stalin consolidate his authoritarian rule through instilling fear.
Stalin Show trials
Stalin organized a series of show trials between 1936-1938 known as the Moscow Trials. He used these highly publicized trials to purge his political opponents by accusing them of crimes against the state such as treason, sabotage, and assassination plots. The defendants, which included senior Communist Party members, military leaders, and former allies of Stalin, were tortured until they confessed to the fabricated charges. All were found guilty and executed, allowing Stalin to consolidate his dictatorial rule over the Soviet Union while spreading fear and paranoia among its citizens.
The third show trial 1938
The Third Show Trial of 1938 involved 21 defendants, including Bukharin, Rykov, and Kretinsky, who were charged with spying, sabotage, and plotting to murder Stalin on the instructions of Trotsky. As with previous show trials, the defendants were tortured to extract confessions. Bukharin initially pleaded innocent but eventually confessed when threatened with harm to his wife and infant son, who were imprisoned and sent to an orphanage, respectively, after the trial. All defendants were executed immediately following the trial.
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Joseph Stalin consolidated power in the Soviet Union following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924. As leader, Stalin instituted radical economic policies including rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture. This modernization had great success but was also extremely brutal, resulting in millions of deaths. Stalin ruled with an iron fist and purged perceived political opponents through executions and the Gulag system of forced labor camps. While Stalin cultivated a cult of personality, his totalitarian regime was criticized after his death in 1953.
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The document discusses Stalin's Five-Year Plans from the 1920s to 1930s in the Soviet Union. It describes the plans' goals of rapidly industrializing the country, introducing socialized farming, eliminating private enterprise, and developing education and transportation. It discusses the collectivization of agriculture, which faced resistance from farmers, and the purges and cult of personality Stalin used to consolidate his power and control over society. Overall, the Five-Year Plans industrialized the Soviet Union but also had many negative consequences for citizens and caused much suffering.
USSR-The end of Purges
Stalin stopped the terror in the late 1930s. In 1938, Yezhov was replaced as head of the secret police by Beria, and arrests slowed down. However, purges of the central committee and army continued into 1939. By 1940, all the old Bolsheviks had been wiped out, including Trotsky who was murdered. Going into World War II, the purges were much reduced. The purges destabilized the administrative system and negatively impacted industrial production. Millions were arrested and hundreds of thousands were executed, including party and military leaders, intellectuals, and ordinary citizens.
Soviet Eastern Europe
After World War 2, Stalin imposed rigid control over Eastern Europe, exporting his totalitarian policies and forcing obedience from Communist parties. While the Soviet Union recovered economically under Stalin's five-year plans focusing on heavy industry, Eastern Europe saw slow development. After Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev denounced Stalin's cult of personality and pursued de-Stalinization, improving living standards and allowing some freedoms. However, conservatives opposed the reforms as a threat to the Communist system. De-Stalinization also caused revolts in Eastern Europe in 1956, which the Soviet Union suppressed by force. Khrushchev was eventually ousted in 1964 due to his erratic foreign policy and the conservatives' desire to return to Stalinist control.
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Purge 1936 1938 powerpoint
The Purge of 1936-1938 in the Soviet Union was a series of political persecutions initiated by Joseph Stalin to eliminate his perceived opponents. Stalin, the paranoid leader of the Soviet Union, had government officials, Communist party members, and others imprisoned, executed, or sent to labor camps on suspicions of disloyalty or revolution. Over this period, Stalin conducted three Moscow Trials to publicly try and condemn former Bolshevik leaders and others for conspiring against him and the regime, which resulted in many deaths. In total, the purge impacted around 5 million Soviet citizens and helped Stalin consolidate his authoritarian rule through instilling fear.
Stalin Show trials
Stalin organized a series of show trials between 1936-1938 known as the Moscow Trials. He used these highly publicized trials to purge his political opponents by accusing them of crimes against the state such as treason, sabotage, and assassination plots. The defendants, which included senior Communist Party members, military leaders, and former allies of Stalin, were tortured until they confessed to the fabricated charges. All were found guilty and executed, allowing Stalin to consolidate his dictatorial rule over the Soviet Union while spreading fear and paranoia among its citizens.
The third show trial 1938
The Third Show Trial of 1938 involved 21 defendants, including Bukharin, Rykov, and Kretinsky, who were charged with spying, sabotage, and plotting to murder Stalin on the instructions of Trotsky. As with previous show trials, the defendants were tortured to extract confessions. Bukharin initially pleaded innocent but eventually confessed when threatened with harm to his wife and infant son, who were imprisoned and sent to an orphanage, respectively, after the trial. All defendants were executed immediately following the trial.
Stalin Presentation
Joseph Stalin consolidated power in the Soviet Union following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924. As leader, Stalin instituted radical economic policies including rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture. This modernization had great success but was also extremely brutal, resulting in millions of deaths. Stalin ruled with an iron fist and purged perceived political opponents through executions and the Gulag system of forced labor camps. While Stalin cultivated a cult of personality, his totalitarian regime was criticized after his death in 1953.
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The document discusses Stalin's Five-Year Plans from the 1920s to 1930s in the Soviet Union. It describes the plans' goals of rapidly industrializing the country, introducing socialized farming, eliminating private enterprise, and developing education and transportation. It discusses the collectivization of agriculture, which faced resistance from farmers, and the purges and cult of personality Stalin used to consolidate his power and control over society. Overall, the Five-Year Plans industrialized the Soviet Union but also had many negative consequences for citizens and caused much suffering.
USSR-The end of Purges
Stalin stopped the terror in the late 1930s. In 1938, Yezhov was replaced as head of the secret police by Beria, and arrests slowed down. However, purges of the central committee and army continued into 1939. By 1940, all the old Bolsheviks had been wiped out, including Trotsky who was murdered. Going into World War II, the purges were much reduced. The purges destabilized the administrative system and negatively impacted industrial production. Millions were arrested and hundreds of thousands were executed, including party and military leaders, intellectuals, and ordinary citizens.
Soviet Eastern Europe
After World War 2, Stalin imposed rigid control over Eastern Europe, exporting his totalitarian policies and forcing obedience from Communist parties. While the Soviet Union recovered economically under Stalin's five-year plans focusing on heavy industry, Eastern Europe saw slow development. After Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev denounced Stalin's cult of personality and pursued de-Stalinization, improving living standards and allowing some freedoms. However, conservatives opposed the reforms as a threat to the Communist system. De-Stalinization also caused revolts in Eastern Europe in 1956, which the Soviet Union suppressed by force. Khrushchev was eventually ousted in 1964 due to his erratic foreign policy and the conservatives' desire to return to Stalinist control.
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Stalin came to power in the Soviet Union after Lenin's death and instituted increasingly brutal policies. He implemented forced collectivization of agriculture which led to widespread famine, killing millions of Ukrainian and other peasants. Cannibalism emerged as starving peasants resorted to eating human flesh. Stalin had political opponents and landowners detained and executed, and set up brutal labor camps where millions perished. His purge of the military left the Soviet Union unprepared when Nazi Germany invaded in 1941. In total, Stalin's regime is estimated to have killed around 40 million Soviet citizens through executions, forced labor, famine, and exile to Siberia.
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3. Under Stalin's rule, he established a cult of personality through socialist realist art, rapidly industrialized through five-year plans, and collectivized agriculture, leading to the deaths of millions from famine and purges. Stalin also exerted total control over cultural and political life.
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Winston Churchill gave the famous "Iron Curtain" speech in 1946 after losing the 1945 UK election. In the speech, he coined the term "Iron Curtain" to describe how Soviet control now separated Eastern and Western Europe. The Soviet Union had installed a physical and mental barrier across Central and Eastern Europe from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic. Major cities like Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, and Budapest now lay behind the Iron Curtain and were subject to increasing Soviet influence and control from Moscow. Churchill warned that the Iron Curtain was designed to keep people and information confined within the Soviet sphere of influence.
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1) The document summarizes key events in early 20th century Russian history, including the Russian Revolution of 1917 and rise of the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin.
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The October Revolution of 1917 brought the Bolsheviks to power in a relatively bloodless coup, establishing a new Bolshevik regime led by Lenin and Trotsky. However, establishing socialist rule proved immensely challenging during the ensuing Russian Civil War. The Bolsheviks had to improvise policies of "War Communism" to industrialize rapidly and feed cities while fighting the Whites, foreign invaders, and rebellious peasants. By 1921, urban areas had largely collapsed and millions had died, leaving a new Soviet state and society amid the ruins of war.
Slide show
The document summarizes key events of the Great Purge in the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1937. It describes Stalin solidifying his power after Trotsky was exiled in 1927 and expelled from the country in 1929. It then discusses Stalin introducing collectivization plans that faced opposition from critics like Zinoviev and Kamenev. Next, it outlines the murder of Kirov in 1934 that led to show trials where former party leaders seen as threats, including Kamenev and Zinoviev, were convicted and executed. Finally, it mentions the period of widespread state terror and repression known as Yezhovshchina from 1937.
Rise of the Soviet Union: Period 6
1. The document provides information about reasons for the Russian Revolution and the rise of communism in Russia. It discusses the weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II and huge differences between social classes that led to unrest.
2. After Lenin's death in 1924, there was a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky for control of the Soviet Union. Stalin eventually consolidated power through ruthless political maneuvers.
3. Under Stalin's rule, the Soviet Union instituted policies like collectivization, industrialization, and censorship of cultural life. Stalin aimed to transform Russia into a global power through these programs and by glorifying himself.
Russian rev soviet union
The document summarizes the fall of the Russian Empire and rise of the Soviet Union from 1905 to the 1950s. It describes the revolutionary events of 1905 and 1917 that overthrew the Russian monarchy, the establishment of a provisional government, and Lenin and the Bolsheviks seizing power in 1917. A long civil war ensued as the Bolsheviks fought nationalists and monarchists, establishing communist rule. Stalin later rose to power and instituted authoritarian policies of rapid industrialization and collectivization, leading to famine and mass repression but also making the USSR a world power.
The Soviet Union: Totalitarian State
Under Stalin's totalitarian rule:
1. He consolidated power by exerting total control over the Communist Party and appearing to provide security and direction for the future.
2. The Soviet people accepted great difficulties and sacrifice, believing the state's brutality was for their protection and promises of prosperity.
3. During the Great Terror of 1937-1938, about 7 million were arrested, 1 million executed, and 2 million died in camps, with only 10% of camp prisoners surviving.
A Revisionist History Of Stalinist Russia.Pdf
This document presents a revisionist perspective on Stalin's leadership of the Soviet Union that aims to counter the "capitalist narrative" that portrays him as a tyrannical dictator. It argues that Stalin's industrialization policies led to significant economic growth and improved living standards, the secret police mainly targeted actual counterrevolutionaries, and the Gulag system was more progressive than Western prisons. It acknowledges mistakes were made but claims the costs of progress have been exaggerated by capitalists seeking to undermine communism. Overall, it aims to portray Stalin in a more positive light as a leader who industrialized Russia and improved conditions for workers and peasants despite facing immense challenges.
Images Of Hate -Holocaust slides
This document summarizes the rise of Nazi ideology in Germany in the early 20th century, including their belief that Jews and other groups were subhuman. It describes how the Nazi party gained power and eliminated political opposition, passing laws to strip Jews of rights. As Hitler's power expanded across Europe, ghettos and camps were established where Jews were imprisoned and subjected to atrocious conditions. Resistance was difficult due to collective punishment policies. The document concludes by noting survivors' concerns that the lessons of this history may be forgotten.
The holocaust by h. plouffe
The document provides an overview of the Holocaust and other examples of genocide throughout history. It discusses the Nazis' persecution and mass murder of Jews and other groups, including the establishment of ghettos and concentration camps. Key events of the Holocaust are summarized, such as the Wannsee Conference which formalized the "Final Solution" and the mass killings that took place at Auschwitz. The document also briefly outlines examples of genocide committed by other regimes such as the Turks against Armenians and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.
Stalin
Stalin established repressive secret police organizations like the NKVD to eliminate political opponents and enforce his rule through terror. The NKVD conducted mass executions and oversaw the Gulag system of labor camps, which imprisoned over 20 million people over Stalin's rule. Stalin also held public "show trials" of opponents like Zinovyev and Kamenev to intimidate others from challenging his leadership. Through purges and terror, Stalin was able to eliminate all threats to his consolidation of power and implementation of radical industrialization policies in the Soviet Union.
Abolish The Nkp
The NKVD was the law enforcement agency and secret police of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. It was responsible for political repression, kidnappings, murders, and mass executions during Stalin's rule. The NKVD carried out prisoner massacres during World War II, killing an estimated 100,000 prisoners in Eastern Europe. One of the largest massacres occurred in the Katyn Forest, where the NKVD shot and buried over 4,000 Polish prisoners. The NKVD played a key role in Stalin's consolidation of power through terror against any perceived political opponents.
Holocaustohistory class for 8th 9th and 7th grades
The document provides an overview of the Holocaust and key events leading up to it:
- Germany faced economic and social instability after WWI, giving rise to Hitler and the Nazis who blamed Jews for Germany's problems.
- After rising to power in 1933, the Nazis systematically stripped Jews of their rights and persecuted them. Kristallnacht in 1938 marked an escalation to violence against Jews.
- During WWII, the Nazis conquered new lands and confined Jews to overcrowded ghettos. At the 1942 Wannsee Conference, the Nazis devised the "Final Solution" to systematically murder all 11 million European Jews in death camps like Auschwitz.
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CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: TOTALITARIANISM IN STALIN'S RUSSIA
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Holocaustohistory class for 8th 9th and 7th grades
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Stalin's purges
- 2. 1936-1938 – The Show Trials: 1932-1935 – The Chistka: 20% of resulting in the elimination of the the party expelled non-violently Old Bolsheviks and securing of Stalin’s position 1937-1938 – The Yezhovshchina: named after the head of the NKVD, period of mass terror when thousands of party members, state officials, armed forces were denounced, arrested and imprisoned or executed.
- 3. Politicians Specialists Comrades Others Senior party Senior military NKVD operatives Relatives of victims members officers Party and state Engineers, scientists Industrial workers Artists, priests, leaders and managers and peasants Mensheviks and SRs
- 4. Wheatcroft and Davies Volkogonov Conquest • 7-8 million • 7 million • 10 million arrests executions died 1927- • 1-1.5 million 1929-1953 1938 executions • 16.5 million • 8.5 million • 7-8 million in imprisoned died up to Gulag 1936, mostly from famine
- 6. Ryutin Platform Suicide of Nadezda Allilueva 17th Party Congress Murder of Kirov Show Trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev Yezhov appointed head of NKVD 2nd Show Trial: Radek and Pyatakov Red Army Purge: Tukhachevsky shot 3rd Show Trial:Rykov and Bukharin Beria replaced Yezhov 18th Congress – “the end”
- 7. Interpretations of the Purges Totalitarian Revisionist View View Orders passed down to NKVD divided and acted on NKVD own initiative Terror generated from Used to control populace below also Used to control party and Stalin not in personal control remove potential rivals of process Stalin the architect driven by No masterplan from Stalin own personality but he set it in progress