Pneumatic structures derive their rigidity from pressurized gas enclosed within flexible membranes. They first emerged in the 1950s-60s as an alternative construction method. The document discusses the history and principles of pneumatic structures. It traces their origins to hot air balloons and dirigibles before being used for military radomes during WWII. Architects like Frei Otto and Buckminster Fuller later explored pneumatic structures' potential for large spans and temporary buildings. The key principles are that internal air pressure pre-tensions the membrane to resist loads while allowing lightweight, portable, and demountable designs with good natural lighting.
A short and elaborate Case Study on Membrane Structures for the course of Advanced Building Construction from students of 8th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2017)
Shell structure, In building construction, a thin, curved plate structure shaped to transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and shear stresses that act in the plane of the surface.
The street is a students’ hostel located in the ancient city of mathura in uttar pradesh.
The hostel derives its name from the traditional streets of mathura on which it is modelled.
Built with multiple floors along various blocks, the built spaces snake across a wedge shaped site twisting and turning along their length.
The project comprises of 800 rooms that is designed in four floors across five linear blocks.
Sitting adjacent to repetitive hostel blocks on the east and west these new hostels within a large university campus create individual spaces within a discernible identity in each part of the layout.
It is a reinforced cement cloth attached to a inflatable structure which can be readily used as a secured structure at war zones, war affected areas and refugees camps, covid-19 treatment centers etc.
A short and elaborate Case Study on Membrane Structures for the course of Advanced Building Construction from students of 8th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2017)
Shell structure, In building construction, a thin, curved plate structure shaped to transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and shear stresses that act in the plane of the surface.
The street is a students’ hostel located in the ancient city of mathura in uttar pradesh.
The hostel derives its name from the traditional streets of mathura on which it is modelled.
Built with multiple floors along various blocks, the built spaces snake across a wedge shaped site twisting and turning along their length.
The project comprises of 800 rooms that is designed in four floors across five linear blocks.
Sitting adjacent to repetitive hostel blocks on the east and west these new hostels within a large university campus create individual spaces within a discernible identity in each part of the layout.
It is a reinforced cement cloth attached to a inflatable structure which can be readily used as a secured structure at war zones, war affected areas and refugees camps, covid-19 treatment centers etc.
Pneumatics, Water Proofing, Gypsum, Plaster of Paris,Plastics and differnt types ( Acrylic, Polycorbonate, PVC Films and Sheets, FRP), Construction Chemicals, Water Proofing Materials, Adhesives and Additives.
It is a reinforced cement cloth attached to a inflatable structure which can be readily used as a secured structure at war zones, war affected areas and refugees camps, covid-19 treatment centers etc.
Structural detailing of fuselage of aeroplane /aircraft.PriyankaKg4
This presentation is about the structural detailing of fuselage of aeroplane .The fuselage or body of the airplane, holds all the pieces together. The pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings.
Design and Fabrication of Subsonic Wind TunnelIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: A Wind Tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past the solid objects. Wind tunnels were first as a means of studying vehicles (primarily airplanes) in free flight. A Wind tunnel is used to find the aerodynamics and also to measure drag and down force of airfoils. The wind tunnel is composed of a contraction cone, test section and diffuser, with nessary instrumentation to measure the drag and downforce acting on the vehicles. Our project aims at using hand fabricated wind tunnel to test aerodynamics of scaled models and also to calculate the drag in them. It is very important nowadays to consider the aerodynamics of any vehicles whiles designing, this helps in improving the efficiency and reduces the fuel consumption. With this hand fabricated wind tunnel it makes the checking of aerodynamics and calculation of drag for scaled models very easy. This reduces the time taken for designing and production
Though 100 smart cities is being talked around many times, common people still doesn't clearly know what exactly the project is. This presentation will help to orient yourselves to the 100 smart cities project. This is in no way the ideas of the author or is influenced by the authors opinions. The presentation is purely based on the vision, mission and strategies of India Govt guidelines.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. 1
Abstract— Pneumatic structure is basically a
constructed form that derives its rigidity from captured
pressurized gas. The technique has evolved during
different periods starting from the 50s and 60s. This
paper aims at understanding the history and principles
of pneumatic structures as well as their revival and
applications in the modern era.
Index Terms— Pneumatics,
I. INTRODUCTION
Pneumatic structures are basically membrane structures that
are stabilized by the pressure of compressed air. First
posited in the 1960s, the idea of pneumatic structures as a
progressive and lightweight alternative to ‘normal
construction has renewed relevance to the current re-
evaluation of energy use and new forms of climatically
responsive envelopes. In pneumatic constructions, the
pressure differences between the enclosed space and the
exterior are responsible for giving the building its shape and
also for stabilizing the hull. This system of using
membranes for construction evolved from practical
applications in other fields such the heliumdirigible and hot
air balloons. The fabric is pre-tensioned by an internal
overpressure of the air. The load developed is from the
tensile stresses. Its stabilization is done by pre-stressing the
membrane either by:-
A) Applying an external force which pulls the
membrane
B) Internal pressurizing if the membrane is volume
enclosing.
II. HISTORY OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
A. Hot Air Balloonsand Airships
The first experiments with pneumatic structures were
undertaken during the development of hot-air balloons. An
effective start for the
development of
balloons just occurred at
the end of the 18th
century.
These balloons were made by linen and paper.
At the same year, Jaques A. C. Charles built the first
hydrogen balloon a derigible called the zepellin.
The idea of transposing the
dirigibles technology to
architecture tracks back to the
English engineer F. W.
Lanchester. His patent of a
pneumatic system for campaign
hospitals was approved in
England, in 1918, but was never
actually constructed, due to the lack of adequate membrane
materials or appeal to possible clients.
.
B. World War II and the U.S. Army
During the Word War II and after the invention of nylon,
pneumatics started to be used in military operations, as
emergency shelters and decoys. At the end of the War, the
increase in the number of military air operations demanded
implementation of a large and sophisticated network of
radars over the American territory. In order to protect these
radars from extreme weather conditions, the American
Army sponsored the development of thin non-metallic
shelters, avoiding interference with the radar signals. These
were called ‘radomes’.
Jeson, SEM VI student, KMEA College of Architecture
PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
2. 2
Walter Bird presented an overview of the field titled The
Development of Pneumatic Structures, Past, Present and
Future. Bird is an acknowledged pioneer in the use of
tensile fabric and pneumatic structures, which began with
his air-supported radome prototype for the US Air Force in
1946 made from neoprene-coated fiberglass fabric.
Bird concluded by noting the unique and outstanding
features of the air structure:
‘The air structure is the most efficient structural form
available to date … no other type of structure has the
potential of providing free-span coverage for so large an
area … as the air structure is constructed of lightweight,
flexible materials, it can be made easily portable and lends
itself readily to the design of demountable or removable
structures.
C. Utopian Ideas
Frei Otto was the first to undertake academic investigations,
especially about the process of form finding. Through
various publications, Otto broadened the landscape, not
only of pneumatics, but of tension structures in general.
Pneumatics were also part of the repertoire of Richard
Buckminster Fuller. His proposal of a pneumatic dome to
cover New York (1962, Figure 6) is a famous example of
Utopian pneumatic architecture. Realization of this project
would require a radical environmental transformation, a
sterilized enclosure without dust, pollution, exhaust gases
and so.
III. PRINCIPLE OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
Air-inflated and air-supported structures represent a special
area of membrane construction.In pneumatic constructions,
pressure differences between the enclosed space and the
exterior are responsible for giving the building its shape and
also for stabilizing the hull. Fabric is pre-tensioned by an
internal overpressure of the air. While this might seem at
first to be uncomfortable to the occupants ofthe structure,
the pressure differential is no greater than that of ordinary
barometric fluctuations.
Pneumatic structures are a combination of two components
With very different properties: an airtight membrane and
Compressed air. Air is a gas, essentially composed of
nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide, and its properties are
merely defined by its composition, the temperature, the
pressure and the volume. The membrane is in a solid state
and its properties are defined by the material properties and
geometry of the constituents, as well as by the way
materials are used for its construction, such as the chemical
composition and the elastic modulus of the yarn, the mass
density of the coating, the type of weaving and so on. The
compressed air pretensions the membrane and forms the
volume of the structure defined by the membrane-cutting
pattern. Such a pre-stressed membrane can support both
tension and compression and thus can withstand bending
moments. Obviously, the pre-stress in the membrane is a
function of the air pressure.
IV General Characteristics
A. LIGHT WEIGHT:-
The weight of the structure as compared to the area it
covers is very less
The weight of the membrane roof , even when it is stiffened
by cables, is very small
Low air pressure is sufficient to balance it
Even with spans of more than 100mts, the weight of the
structure does not exceed 3kg/square meter
B. SPAN
Another advantage over other structures is that, for
pneumatic membrane, there is no theoretical maximum
span as determined by strength, elasticity, specific weight
or any other property.
It is hardly possible to span a distance of over 36km. With a
steel cables as they would fail because of their inability to
sustain their own weight. But with pneumatics, such spans
are quiet possible.
C. QUICK ERECTION AND DISMANTLING
Suitable for temporary constructions because they are as
easy to dismantle as to establish.
1 sq.Km. Of an area can be brought down in 6 hours. And
establish in less than 10 hours. The 4 hours difference is
due to establishment of pegs etc.
D. ECONOMY
It is not expensive where it is used for shifting structures.
For permanent structures,it is very expensive. Otherwise
3. 3
the cost per square foot of air supported structures is among
the lowest for large span roofs.
E. GOOD NATURAL LIGHT
Gives good natural light as translucent/transparent plastic
sheets are typically used to form the membrane. Daylight
can be brought in efficiently. There is a lot of flexibility in
getting sun light (50%-80%).
IV. CONCLUSION
Pneumatic structure is an efficient system having wide
applications in not only the architectural field but various
others as well. The possibilities of these structures can be
broadened with the advancement of technology and can be
incorporated for varied uses and scenarios.