Every pregnancy is special and every pregnant woman must receive special care.The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is being introduced to ensure quality Antenatal to over 3 crore pregnant women in the country.
Under the campaign, a minimum package of antenatal care services would be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of every month at the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Clinics to ensure that every pregnant woman receives at least one checkup in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
Every pregnancy is special and every pregnant woman must receive special care.The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is being introduced to ensure quality Antenatal to over 3 crore pregnant women in the country.
Under the campaign, a minimum package of antenatal care services would be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of every month at the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Clinics to ensure that every pregnant woman receives at least one checkup in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
An initiative of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to leverage information technology for ensuring delivery of full spectrum of healthcare and immunization services to pregnant women and children up to 5 years of age.
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK) is a health programme launched for screening of over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities by the ministry of health and family welfare under national rural health mission (NRHM) in india
This slide contains information regarding Maternal and Child Health Program. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
An initiative of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to leverage information technology for ensuring delivery of full spectrum of healthcare and immunization services to pregnant women and children up to 5 years of age.
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK) is a health programme launched for screening of over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities by the ministry of health and family welfare under national rural health mission (NRHM) in india
This slide contains information regarding Maternal and Child Health Program. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Vertical transmission is major contributor- HIV among children
No intervention – as high as 45%
With interventions – as low as less than 5%
Minimal manipulation
NVD vs. C-section
Anti retroviral prophylaxis vs. anti retroviral therapy
Exclusive breastfeeding vs. exclusive replacement feeding
Follow-up and care.
This was a lecture given during the CME activitiy for POGS Region 7 by the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) at Casino Espanyol in Cebu City.
Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV 2018Helen Madamba
Babies of pregnant women living with HIV can be born free of HIV infection. HIV counselling and testing is the gateway to diagnosis, treatment, care and support. Healthcare services need to provide enabling environments to support and empower women living with HIV and their children, to increase HIV knowledge and reduce stigma and discrimination.
This lecture describes the approach to screening, diagnosis and management of HIV and TB infection among pregnant patients. Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV infection mainly based on the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Clinical Practice Recommendations.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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2. STATUS OF HIV/AIDS IN THE WORLD
• HIV continues to be a major global public health issues, having
claimed more than 35 million lives so far.
• In 2016, one million people died from HIV- related causes globally.
• There were approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV at the
end of 2016 with 1.8 million people becoming newly infected in
2016 globally.
- Who 15 feb 2018
3. STATUS OF HIV/AIDS IN NEPAL
• As data provided by National centre for AIDS and STD Control
division,
Reported HIV cases in July 2017 -
Male- 18,989
Female-11,535
Transgender- 122
Total HIV cases- 30,646
4. INTRODUCTION
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, also called perinatal or
vertical transmission, occurs when HIV is spread from an HIV+ women
to her baby during pregnancy, labor & delivery or breastfeeding.
Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), also known as
prevention of vertical transmission
Refers to interventions to prevent transmission of HIV from an HIV+
mother to her infant during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or
breastfeeding.
5. • Overall incidence without intervention is 15 to 45 %distributed over
- Antenatal period
- The labor & delivery period
- Breastfeeding
• Around 15-30 % of babies born to HIV+ women will become infected with
HIV during pregnancy & delivery.
• A further 5-20 % will become infected through breastfeeding.
• This rate can be reduced to levels below 5 % with effective interventions.
6. COMPONENTS OF PMTCT
The WHO recommends a four-prolonged approach to a comprehensive
PMTCT strategy :-
1. Providing primary prevention of HIV infection among women
childbearing age
2. Preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV
3. Preventing HIV transmission from women living with HIV to their infants
4. Providing appropriate treatment, care & support to mothers living with
HIV & their children & families.
7. A full PMTCT package for mothers, infants and partner
will include
1. HIV counseling and testing
2. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection mother and infant
3. Infant feeding counseling and support
4. Safe obstetrical care
5. Family planning counseling and referral service
6. Referral care and support of HIV infected mother and infant
8. HIV counseling & testing in the context of PMTCT
services
Counseling and testing will be provided at well setting where pregnant women and
woman of child bearing age receive services; antenatal, labour, delivery, postnatal, FP
other pre-test and post –test counseling will be provided.
1. Pretest information and counseling + HIV education in ANC setting including
education methods on preventing MTCT + Couple counseling
2. HIV testing
3. Post test information and counseling
4. Disclosure of HIV status
5. Counseling and testing for women of unknown HIV status at the time of labour and
delivery.
10. Recommended PMTCT protocol
HIV infected pregnant woman should be offered the standard recommended
regimen.
• ZDV from 28 weeks gestation, once the women is in labour, ZDV+ 3TC + Sd
NVP
• A one week tail of ZDV+3TC is given in the postnatal period to prevent NVP
resistance( due to long half life of NVP).
• The baby receive Sd NVP plus a one week course of infant ZDV.
* ZDV= zidovudine( azidothymidine)
* Sd NVP= single dose nevirapine
* 3TC= lamivudine.
11. Delivery at home/at a PHCH/HP; minimum standard
single dose nevirapine for mother and baby
12. Hospital & other health facilities with an established PMTCT
program recommended standard PMTCT protocol for mother &
baby
14. VCT CENTRE
• A VCT centre refers to any setting where a qualified and trained counsellor
provides confidential HIV pre- and post-test counselling according to standard
counselling protocols and where a qualified and trained laboratory person
provides HIV testing according to standard laboratory protocols
• The process helps people prepare for and understand their HIV test results & also
helps people reflect on issues of sexual behaviour, drug use, and behaviour
change to prevent HIV, STIs or unintended pregnancy.
• People who test HIV negative can learn ways to avoid becoming infected, and
people who test HIV positive can learn how to live longer, healthier lives and
prevent transmission to others.
15. Goals of voluntary HIV/AIDS counselling and testing
1. To ensure that HIV-infected persons and persons at increased risk of HIV
infection:
• Have access to HIV testing
• Receive high-quality HIV prevention counselling
• Ensure provision of information regarding transmission, prevention, and the
meaning of HIV test results.
• Ensure access to appropriate treatment and care including ART.
2. To ensure that HIV-negative persons have access to the knowledge and skills to
prevent HIV infection and remain HIV negative.
17. Where can VCT services be provided
• Outreach programs and health services for vulnerable groups: IDUs,
migrants/refugees, men who have sex with men (MSM), street children, sex workers
• Hospital services (public or private)
• Part of the continuum of care/home care
• Linked to blood banks
• NGO
• Integrated into general medical services as part of specialist care: STI, antenatal clinics
(PMTCT), family planning clinics, tuberculosis
• Correctional facilities
• Drug prevention and treatment programs