1) The document outlines a plan for an education program on HIV/AIDS in Nepal. It includes an introduction to HIV/AIDS, problem statement on prevalence in Nepal, objectives to reduce transmission and stigma through education, and an evaluation plan.
2) A needs assessment identifies risk factors like unsafe sex, lack of access to healthcare, and stigma. The program's goals are to reduce infection rates, increase access to treatment, and coordinate national response.
3) The education program will provide information on transmission, prevention, treatment services, and address stigma through activities like discussion, counseling, and role-playing with targets like key populations and the community.
HIV discrimination among health providers in Malaysia by Dr RubzDr. Rubz
Although doctors took oath that they will treat everyone the best they can and without judging anyone but discrimination still exist especially in HIV affected people. Due to this issue, Pertubuhan Advokasi Masyarakat Terpinggir Malaysia has taken a step to engage with doctors at government sector and desensitize them and find the line to stand together.
The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) encourages collaboration among federal agencies, community-based organizations, employers, insurers, health care professionals, academia, and other stakeholders to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes in the United States.
HIV discrimination among health providers in Malaysia by Dr RubzDr. Rubz
Although doctors took oath that they will treat everyone the best they can and without judging anyone but discrimination still exist especially in HIV affected people. Due to this issue, Pertubuhan Advokasi Masyarakat Terpinggir Malaysia has taken a step to engage with doctors at government sector and desensitize them and find the line to stand together.
The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) encourages collaboration among federal agencies, community-based organizations, employers, insurers, health care professionals, academia, and other stakeholders to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes in the United States.
Theodoros F. Katsivas, M.D., M.A.S., of UC San Diego Owen Clinic, presents "San Diego Primary Care Providers' Attitudes to HIV and HIV Testing" at AIDS Clinical Rounds
Join us as we discuss best practices for integrating HIV prevention (e.g. HIV testing, PrEP and linkage to care) into primary care within the context of enhancing clinical workforce development.
Panelists:
• Marwan Haddad, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, Medical Director, Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Jeannie McIntosh, APRN, FNP-C, AAHIVS, Family Nurse Practitioner, Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.
NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME(NACP) PPT BY KRITIKA.pptxKritikaDhawan9
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic , potentially life, threating condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), a human retrovirus . By, damaging your immune system , HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body .
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. INTRODUCTION
• HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virus . It is a virus spread
through certain, body fluids that attacks the body immune system,
specially the CD4 cells, often called T cells.
• HIV can be transmitted via the exchange of a variety of body fluid
from infected people such as blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal
secretion and some of the behaviour and conditions such as
having unprotected anal or vaginal sex, shearing contaminated
needles and syringe.
3. • In the first week after initial infection people may experience no
symptoms or an influenza like illness including fever, headache,
rash or sore throat and later may develop the sign and symptoms
such as swollen nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhoea & cough.
• No effective cure currently exist but with proper medical care, HIV
can be controlled. The medicine used to treat HIV is called Anti
retro viral therapy or ART.
• The government of Nepal is running National HIV strategy plan
(2016-2021) which has adopted 90-90-90 goal by 2020.
4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• HIV continuous to be a major global public health issues, however
with increasing access to effective HIV prevention, diagnosis,
treatment including for opportunistic infection .
• HIV infection has become a manageable chronic health condition,
enabling people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives.
5. • The prevalence of HIV among adult population age 15 and
above is estimated to be 0.20% although the prevalence of HIV
is very low among the general population.
• The prevalence of HIV positive cases are higher in province 2
and 3, which account for 1.1% and 0.7% respectively.
• The prevalence of HIV positive cases among pregnant women
were highest in province 2, then national .
6.
7. SANJAY CHAUDHARYHealth related
• Unsafe sex practice
• Use of unsafe injection,
blood transfusions and
medical procedure
• Needle stick injuries
among health worker
• Low access to health
services
Non health related
• Poverty
• Gender inequality
• Lack of autonomy for
women
• Low literacy
• Unemployment
• Stigma and
discrimination
• Cultural factor
1)Social diagnosis
8. 2)Epidemiological diagnosis
According to Annual report(2074/75)
• 0.6 % of people having HIV positive.
• 77 % of total new HIV infection is due to sexually transmitted.
• 0.01 % of women having HIV positive.
• 0.03 % of women receiving ART.
• % of child receiving PMTCT service.
• % of people have knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
9. 3)Behavioral and environmental diagnosis
Behaviour
• Sex orientation(Homosexual, Heterosexual, Bisexual)
• Sexual experience.
• Type of sexual experience.
• Number of sexual partner to date.
• Condom used during intercourse .
• Habits of using drug and shearing same syringe.
• Communication with parents and peers about sex.
• Seeking health care.
10. Environmental
• unsafe sex practise.
• Lack of early access to effective medical care (including ART,
treatment of opportunistic infection, preventive therapy for
tuberculosis and other OIS & STIs).
• Lack of provision of HIV control among mother to child.
• Poor emotional support/care to an individual, couple and family.
• No social support and peer support.
• No proper counselling services for coping and planning for the
future.
• Stigma and discrimination among HIV patients.
11. continue……..
• No provision of family planning and contraceptive services.
• No proper management TB/HIV co-infection.
• Lack of information.
• Rude behaviours of health workers in health facilities.
12. Discussion matrix
List of behaviours Importance Changeability Total
Safe sex practise. 5 4 9
Proper access to effective
medical care and
counselling.
5 4 9
Social support and peer
support.
5 3 8
Information flow about
HIV/AIDS.
5 4 9
13. 4)Educational diagnosis
Predisposing
• % have knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
• % have comprehensive knowledge about HIV.
• % know that using condom and limiting sexual intercourse to one
uninfected person is a way to prevent HIV transmission.
• % have knowledge of prevention of mother to child transmission.
• % have the discriminatory attitude towards people living with
HIV.
• % know where to get an HIV test.
• % know where to get free ART service.
14. Reinforcing factors
• Support from the family and peers.
• Support from the health care providers.
• HIV related secession conducted by health workers.
Enabling factors
• Motivation for the safe sex practise.
• Availability of condom from the health post as well as FCHVs.
• NGO/INGO working for improving knowledge about the mode of
transmission and prevention.
• HIV testing and counselling services.
15. 5)Policy and administrative diagnosis
Policy diagnosis
• National center for AIDS and STI control.
• National AIDS council for the policy co-ordination.
• Quality control and strategic information.
• Civil society network.
• Co-ordination of public and private partnership.
• Awareness program for IEC/BCC.
16. Administrative diagnosis
• MoHP
• District health office
• District hospital
• Primary health care
• Health post
• FCHV
• NGO/INGO
• Private hospitals
17. Goal
1) To reduce HIV infection.
2) Increase access to health care and improve health outcome for
people living with HIV.
3) Reduce HIV-related health disparities and health inequalities.
4) Achieve a more co-ordinated national response to HIV
epidemic.
18. General objective
• To reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in abc ward of xyz
municipality by providing the education on various mode of
transmission ,stigma attached with diseases and free anti
retroviral therapy.
19. Specific objective
• To prevent the HIV transmission.
• To reduce the sexually transmitted diseases transmission.
• To prevent the vertical transmission of HIV.
• To reduce the stigma attached with diseases.
• To create an enabling environment.
• To provide HIV infected people with life-saving ART.
• To reduce TB death in people living with HIV.
• To eliminate new HIV infection among children and reduce
AIDS related maternal death.
20. Target group
• Among key population (people who inject drug, female sex
worker, men who sex with male and transgender ).
Method and media
Method :Brainstorming, group discussion, counselling, role play.
Media :flip chart, poster, pamphlets, TV, radio etc.
21. Content of health education
• HIV/AIDS and its importance.
• Risk factors for HIV/AIDS.
• Unsafe sexual practise in community and its effect.
• Preventive measure for HIV/AIDS
• Available treatment services/sites as per the government of Nepal .
22. 5)Implementation of program
• Detail plan of action regarding health education program in
HIV/AIDS will be made and implemented.
Work plan
23. Evaluation of health education program
7)Process evaluation
• Brainstorming at the beginning and the end of the class.
• Regular monitoring and supervision of all the program activities.
• Question/Answer session can be done at the middle/end of the session.
8)Outcome evaluation
• Increase knowledge about the safe sex and sex education.
• Increase use of condom and avoiding multi sexual partner.
• Decrease use of drug and sharing same syringe.
• Increase access to ART and PMTCT services.
• Decreased stigma and discrimination among HIV patient.
• Increase no of ART suppressed patient.
24. 9)Impact evaluation
• Reduction in morbidity and mortality rate due to HIV/AIDS.
• Increase provision of HIV test services.
• Provision of ART and PMTCT services.
• Strengthen HIV-TB collaboration between NCASC and NTP at
all levels.
25. 10)Follow up
For the better result of any program proper follow up is most
important ,which can be done every month for 2 year by the help
of ART sites where we can have better counselling and treatment
services.