This document discusses prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. PMTCT aims to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her child through antenatal care, HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy, safe delivery practices, postnatal care, and informed breastfeeding guidelines. Barriers to effective PMTCT include HIV stigma, limited healthcare access, lack of awareness, and weak healthcare systems. Strategies to overcome these barriers include public education, expanding healthcare services, mobile clinics, and investments in healthcare infrastructure. With comprehensive PMTCT strategies, the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission can be significantly reduced.
Vertical transmission is major contributor- HIV among children
No intervention – as high as 45%
With interventions – as low as less than 5%
Minimal manipulation
NVD vs. C-section
Anti retroviral prophylaxis vs. anti retroviral therapy
Exclusive breastfeeding vs. exclusive replacement feeding
Follow-up and care.
Vertical transmission is major contributor- HIV among children
No intervention – as high as 45%
With interventions – as low as less than 5%
Minimal manipulation
NVD vs. C-section
Anti retroviral prophylaxis vs. anti retroviral therapy
Exclusive breastfeeding vs. exclusive replacement feeding
Follow-up and care.
Sustained research successes during the first two decades of the AIDS epidemic, an unprecedented expansion of HIV prevention and treatment programs during the last decade, and recent global attention and leadership have set the stage for the virtual elimination of new HIV infections in infants in the next decade.
Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV 2018Helen Madamba
Babies of pregnant women living with HIV can be born free of HIV infection. HIV counselling and testing is the gateway to diagnosis, treatment, care and support. Healthcare services need to provide enabling environments to support and empower women living with HIV and their children, to increase HIV knowledge and reduce stigma and discrimination.
This was a lecture given during the CME activitiy for POGS Region 7 by the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) at Casino Espanyol in Cebu City.
Supporting Scaled-up Option B Plus in Malawi, Africa,
It was great to work with great scientists and to be part of this publication. Congratulations Team!
Sustained research successes during the first two decades of the AIDS epidemic, an unprecedented expansion of HIV prevention and treatment programs during the last decade, and recent global attention and leadership have set the stage for the virtual elimination of new HIV infections in infants in the next decade.
Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV 2018Helen Madamba
Babies of pregnant women living with HIV can be born free of HIV infection. HIV counselling and testing is the gateway to diagnosis, treatment, care and support. Healthcare services need to provide enabling environments to support and empower women living with HIV and their children, to increase HIV knowledge and reduce stigma and discrimination.
This was a lecture given during the CME activitiy for POGS Region 7 by the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) at Casino Espanyol in Cebu City.
Supporting Scaled-up Option B Plus in Malawi, Africa,
It was great to work with great scientists and to be part of this publication. Congratulations Team!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
4. INTRODUCTION
HIV/AIDS remains a global health challenge,
affecting millions of people worldwide.
Among the most vulnerable are infants born
to HIV-positive mothers. Mother-to-child
transmission (MTCT) of HIV, also known as
vertical transmission, can occur during
pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
However, with effective interventions and
strategies, it is possible to prevent the
transmission of HIV from mother to child.
5. Understanding PMTCT
PMTCT, or Prevention of Mother-to-Child
Transmission, is a comprehensive approach
aimed at reducing the risk of HIV
transmission from an HIV-positive mother to
her child. PMTCT encompasses a series of
strategies, including antenatal care, HIV
testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART), safe
delivery practices, postnatal care, and
breastfeeding guidelines.
6. Key Components of PMTCT
o Antenatal Care
o HIV Testing and Counselling
o Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
o Safe Delivery Practices
o Postnatal Care
o Breastfeeding and PMTCT
7. 1. Early and regular prenatal check-ups.
2. Routine HIV testing for all pregnant women.
3. Detection of HIV infection to initiate
interventions early in pregnancy
Antenatal Care
8. 1. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT)
services.
2. Encouraging pregnant women and their partners
to know their HIV status.
3. Reducing stigma and discrimination associated
with HIV testing.
HIV Testing and Counselling
9. • Administering antiretroviral drugs to HIV-positive
pregnant women.
• Reducing the viral load, lowering the risk of
transmission.
• Ensuring adherence to ART to maintain low viral
loads.
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
10. • Choosing the appropriate delivery method
(Cesarean section or vaginal delivery).
• Taking measures to minimize the risk of rupturing
membranes during labor.
• Reducing the chances of exposure to the virus
during childbirth.
Safe Delivery Practices
11. • Continuous monitoring of the mother's health and
viral load.
• Initiating or maintaining ART for the mother.
• Providing care, support, and follow-up for the
newborn.
Postnatal Care
12. • Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first six
months.
• Administering ART to both mother and baby
during the breastfeeding period.
• Balancing the benefits of breastfeeding with the
risk of transmission.
Breastfeeding and PMTCT
13. Barrier: HIV-related stigma and
discrimination can deter pregnant
women from seeking HIV testing
and PMTCT services due to fear of
social isolation and judgment.
Strategies:
o Public awareness campaigns to
reduce HIV stigma and promote
acceptance.
o Training healthcare providers to
offer non-judgmental and
supportive care.
o Involving community leaders and
influencers in advocacy against
stigma.
1. Stigma and
Discrimination:
Barrier: Many women, especially in
low-resource settings, face barriers to
accessing healthcare facilities that
offer PMTCT services.
Strategies:
o Expanding access to healthcare
services in underserved areas.
o Integrating PMTCT services into
existing maternal and child health
programs.
o Mobile clinics and community-
based outreach programs.
2. Limited Access to
Healthcare:
Overcoming Barriers
14. Barrier: Some pregnant women may
not be aware of the availability and
importance of PMTCT services.
Strategies:
o Public education and
awareness campaigns about
the benefits of PMTCT.
o Providing information through
various channels, including
healthcare facilities, schools,
and community organizations.
o Engaging women's support
groups and local leaders to
disseminate information.
3. Lack of Awareness:
Barrier: Weak healthcare systems in
some regions may lack the necessary
resources and infrastructure for
comprehensive PMTCT services.
Strategies:
o Investment in healthcare
infrastructure, including
equipment and trained personnel.
o Collaboration with international
organizations to provide resources
and technical support.
o Public-private partnerships for
infrastructure development.
4. Healthcare Infrastructure:
Overcoming Barriers
15. Success Stories
PMTCT programs have seen significant
successes in various parts of the world, where
comprehensive strategies and interventions
have resulted in a significant reduction in
pediatric HIV infections. Real-life stories of
women and children who have benefited from
PMTCT can be a source of inspiration and
hope.
16. National and International Efforts
Governments, international organizations,
healthcare institutions, and non-
governmental organizations are working
together to strengthen PMTCT initiatives.
These efforts include policy development,
education, and increased access to
healthcare services for pregnant women.
17. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, PMTCT is a vital component of the
global effort to combat HIV/AIDS. Through
comprehensive strategies that encompass antenatal
care, HIV testing, ART, safe delivery, postnatal care,
and informed breastfeeding practices, we can
significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child
transmission and give children a healthier start in
life.
18. REFERENCES
o De Cock KM, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in
resource-poor countries: translating research into policy and practice.
JAMA. 2000;283(9):1175–82.
o Orne-Gliemann J, et al. Children and HIV/AIDS: from research to
policy and action in resource-limited settings. AIDS. 2008;22(7):797–
805.
o Kuhn L, et al. Effects of early, abrupt weaning on HIV-free survival of
children in Zambia. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:130–41.
o Kafulafula G, et al. Frequency of gastroenteritis and gastroenteritis-
associated mortality with early weaning of HIV-1 uninfected children
born to HIV-infected women in Malawi. JAIDS. 2010;53(1):6–13.