This document discusses risk and change management. It covers risk management processes like risk identification, assessment, analysis, prioritization, planning, control, resolution, monitoring, and communication. Specific risks discussed include schedule, cost, requirements, quality, and operational risks. The document also covers techniques for risk management like defining a risk management strategy early, using checklists to identify risks, estimating probability and impact of risks, prioritizing risks, developing risk management plans, resolving risks through various strategies, monitoring risks using a top 10 risk list, and communicating risks appropriately. Finally, it discusses using miniature milestones as a risk reduction technique.
This lecture provides short and comprehensive view of software project and risk management. It has basic examples and calculations which is main concern of software project manager. This lecture helps to understand basics of risk management.
Integration Of Prince2® And M O R® 1 John FisherBPUG Congress
If this presentation is of interest visit http://www.bpugcongress.com to find out when the next event is taking place.
Presentation by: John Fisher - Director, UnconfuseU Ltd & Chief Examiner, M_o_R®
Many people recognise PRINCE2® and M_o_R as sister products, coming from the same OGC /APM Group stable. This view however misses an important concept that this are not sister products but a marriage between two methodologies.
Very little has been published on how these two different methodologies integrate. This presentation takes the very simple concept of a single project run under the PRINCE2 methodology and shows how M_o_R can be integrated to produce an all encompassing approach that manages risk in an effective and efficient way.
The presentation discusses the current (2005) version of PRINCE2 and maps it across to M_o_R demonstrating several useful approaches that Project and Risk Managers can take.
Using examples throughout, the audience will gain practical understanding of the power and ease as to how to join these two methods on their projects.
- Risks you'll encounter while throughout software development and testing.
- Cataloguing and managing you risks
- Adding value to your QA by managing your risks.
Full webinar recording:
https://www.practitest.com/qa-learningcenter/webinars/testing-risk-management-webinar/
This lecture provides short and comprehensive view of software project and risk management. It has basic examples and calculations which is main concern of software project manager. This lecture helps to understand basics of risk management.
Integration Of Prince2® And M O R® 1 John FisherBPUG Congress
If this presentation is of interest visit http://www.bpugcongress.com to find out when the next event is taking place.
Presentation by: John Fisher - Director, UnconfuseU Ltd & Chief Examiner, M_o_R®
Many people recognise PRINCE2® and M_o_R as sister products, coming from the same OGC /APM Group stable. This view however misses an important concept that this are not sister products but a marriage between two methodologies.
Very little has been published on how these two different methodologies integrate. This presentation takes the very simple concept of a single project run under the PRINCE2 methodology and shows how M_o_R can be integrated to produce an all encompassing approach that manages risk in an effective and efficient way.
The presentation discusses the current (2005) version of PRINCE2 and maps it across to M_o_R demonstrating several useful approaches that Project and Risk Managers can take.
Using examples throughout, the audience will gain practical understanding of the power and ease as to how to join these two methods on their projects.
- Risks you'll encounter while throughout software development and testing.
- Cataloguing and managing you risks
- Adding value to your QA by managing your risks.
Full webinar recording:
https://www.practitest.com/qa-learningcenter/webinars/testing-risk-management-webinar/
Risk Management and Reliable Forecasting using Un-reliable Data (magennis) - ...Troy Magennis
To meet expectations and optimize flow, managing risk is an important part of Kanban. Anticipating and adapting to things that "go wrong" and the uncertainty they cause is topic of this session. We look at techniques for quantifying what risks should be considered important to deal with.
Although discouraging, forecasting size, effort, staff and cost is sometimes necessary. Of course we have to do as little of this as possible, but when we do, we have to do it well with the data we have available. Forecasting is made difficult by un-reliable information as inputs to our process – the amount of work is uncertain, the historical data we are basing our forecasts on is biased and tainted, the situation seems hopeless. But it isn't. Good decisions can be made on imperfect data, and this session discusses how. This session shows immediately usable and simple techniques to capture, analyze, cleanse and assess data, and then use that data for reliable forecasting.
Second and hopefully draft of LKCE 2014 talk.
Slides from our presenters from ILO and FAO for our E-Workshop discussion on managing risks and seizing opportunities among small holder and subsistence farmers.
Operational risk management and measurementRahmat Mulyana
a short description in mixed English and Bahasa Indonesia on Operational Risk Management and Measurement, in particular value at risk calculation using Monte carlo Simulation. Another method using EVT (Extree Value Theory) will be delivered shortly. regards
Agile Development using HP Agile Manager and HP Quality Center / ALMpd7.group
HP Agile Manager (HP AGM) and HP Quality Center / ALM (HP QC/ALM)
What do these tools offer for agile development?
HP Agile Manager and HP ALM interplay
How do these tools support the agile Application Lifecycle?
How to introduce and establish an agile development lifecycle?
Testing is integral to any Agile development process. This slide deck offers an overview of Agile testing-related practices and explains how they work together to mitigate the most common sources of risk on any project.
The third lesson of the course on Planning and Managing Software projects (http://emanueledellavalle.org/Teaching/PMSP-2011-12.html) that I give at Politecnico di Milano.
Managing Risk in Agile Development: It Isn’t MagicTechWell
Has the adoption of agile techniques magically erased risk from software projects? When we change the project and product environment by adopting agile, have we tricked ourselves into thinking that risk has been abolished—when it hasn’t? Agile risk management is a continuous process that makes risk management part of how the team works so they get value from the activity. Thomas Cagley suggests that we develop user stories that specifically address risk so it is prioritized, planned, and executed as part of the normal agile cadence. Agile techniques—daily standups, demonstrations, retrospectives, and sprint-planning activities—provide a platform for monitoring and controlling risks. The built-in feedback loops act as a safety net to ensure eyes are continuously looking at what is happening and what could be happening. By constantly evaluating risk, agile processes avoid spending significant time analyzing risks that are not on the horizon, while making it very difficult for an unseen risk to sneak up on your project.
Rethinking Risk-Based Project Management in the Emerging IT initiatives.pptxInflectra
The pressure to deliver faster to the market has never been more insistent and pervasive than today’s business environment. The Agile world of iterative and incremental delivery has enabled great advances in terms of delivery speed; however, the lack of an integrated risk framework is creating challenges in terms of matching speed with quality. On the one hand, the standards-setting organizations such as the Project Management Institute (PMI) have updated their book of knowledge (PMBOK v7) to move away from highly prescriptive processes to lean thinking. On the other hand, Agile standards themselves have started to emerge, recognizing the need for some prescriptive guidelines on coming up with release and iteration goals. Struggling in between this continuum are the innovative technology projects that wonder how “creativity can be timeboxed” to deliver value!
While the impact of leadership to form the team and the organizational culture to embrace continuous learning are unquestionable, it is important to realize that the areas of strategy, leadership, and culture are not substitutes for the lack of risk-based project thinking. When delivering IT applications that are contain inherent conceptual, technical, and compliance risks, a more systematic approach is needed. In this presentation, you will hear about the emerging space of IT initiatives that are impacted by such risks and the need to adopt risk-based frameworks in application lifecycle management. You will also see practical examples of how risk-based lifecycle management can be done in real-time.
Webinar - Building Team Efficiency and EffectivenessInvensis Learning
Wouldn’t it be great if you could get to better ideas faster? If you learn to master just two thinking skills, you can! Many of the PMI supported tools have origins in creativity. As such, these tools are best leveraged when you apply divergent thinking (to generate) or convergent thinking (to narrow). This session will explore the principles of divergent and convergent thinking and provide examples of techniques to maximize their power in decision making, problem solving and performance feedback.
Data streams take many forms and their velocity is hard to tame. They can be myriads of tiny flows that you can collect to tame with Time-series Databases; continuous massive flows than you cannot stop to tame with Data Stream Management Systems; Continuous numerous flows that can turn into a torrent to tame with Event-based Systems; and myriads of continuous flows of any size and speed that form an immense delta to tame with Event-Driven Architectures. Enjoy this introductory talk!
This is the presentation that I did for PoliMI Data Scientists on Stream Reasoning, an approach to blend Artificial Intelligence and Stream Processing.
While the state of the art in Machine Learning offers practitioners effective tecniques to deal with static data sets, there are only accademic results tailored to data streams. In this presentation for the 4th Stream Reasoning workshop, I report on an effort of Alessio Bernardo (a student of mines) to set up a benchmark enviroment to (i) repeat academic results, (ii) perform studies on real data for confirming the academic results, and (iii) study the research problem of "incremental rebalancing learning on evolving data streams".
HiPPO and Flipism are no longer the only way to take decisions. In the Big Data / Data Science era one can dream of data-driven organization. If the data were "oil", Big Data technologies extract, transport, and store it, while Data Science methods provide the a way to "refine the crude oil". This presentation elaborates on the Ws (What, Why, When, Who and How) of Big Data and Data Science.
From the semantic interoperability problem to Google's knowledge graph passing from the Semantic Web, Linked Data, Yahoo! search monkey, Facebook Open Graph, and schema.org.
La Città dei Balocchi, con le sue luci, è un evento chiave nel panorama dell'offerta turistica Natalizia Lombarda. La presentazione riporta i risultati di un'analisi di chi è venuto e quando.
Realizzato da Fluxedo srl e Olivetti spa per il Consorzio Como Turistica, con la collaborazione di Politecnico di Milano, TIM e Comune di Como, nel contesto del progetto CrowdInsights finanziato da EIT Digital.
Stream Reasoning: a summary of ten years of research and a vision for the nex...Emanuele Della Valle
Stream reasoning studies the application of inference techniques to data characterised by being highly dynamic. It can find application in several settings, from Smart Cities to Industry 4.0, from Internet of Things to Social Media analytics. This year stream reasoning turns ten, and this talk analyses its growth. In the first part, it traces the main results obtained so far, by presenting the most prominent studies. It starts by an overview of the most relevant studies developed in the context of semantic web, and then it extends the analysis to include contributions from adjacent areas, such as database and artificial intelligence. Looking at the past is useful to prepare for the future: the second part presents a set of open challenges and issues that stream reasoning will face in the next future.
Stream reasoning: an approach to tame the velocity and variety dimensions of ...Emanuele Della Valle
Big Data tech can tame volume and velocity. Taming Variety in presence of volume and velocity is the real challenge. I’ve been working on taming variety and velocity simultaneously (Stream Reasoning) for 10 years, now. In this talk, I give you some examples of application domains where this is necessary. I explain where the Stream Reasoning community went so far in theory, applications and products. In particular I focus on my applications and my startup Fluxedo, which is offering real-time social media analytics across social networks. I conclude the talk discussing what comes next: 1) the need to focus on languages and abstractions able to easily capture user needs; 2) the need to find the sweet-spot between scalability and expressive semantics; 3) the need to used semantics to model more than the data access; and 4) the need to get over imperfect data. If you are exited, I did my job for today!
Every body talks about Big Data, but why? Do it create value? Do it enable some paradigmatic shifts in the way we work with data? This talk I did at ComoNext research and technological park cast some light on those questions.
Listening to the pulse of our cities with Stream Reasoning (and few more tech...Emanuele Della Valle
The digital reflection of our cities is sharpening and it is tracking their evolution with a decreasing delay. However, we risk that data piles up without easing decision making. This key note, which I gave at the 12th Semantic Web Summer School, presents how stream reasoning (an approach to tame simultaneously the variety and velocity dimensions of Big Data) and advance visual analytics can support decision makers and discusses the lesson learnt.
The forth lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It presents an introduction to RDF. It starts presenting the data model. Then it presents the turtle serialization. It compares XML vs. RDF. Finally, it provides few informations about RDFa and Linked Data.
The third lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It presents an introduction to the Semantic Web taking a brief walk through in this 15 years of research, standardisation and industrial uptake.
The second lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It discusses interoperability using HL7 v2 and v3 as examples of syntactic and semantic interoperability, respectively.
Stream reasoning: mastering the velocity and the variety dimensions of Big Da...Emanuele Della Valle
More and more applications require real-time processing of heterogeneous data streams. In terms of the “Vs” of Big Data (volume, velocity, variety and veracity), they require addressing velocity and variety at the same time. Big Data solutions able to handle separately velocity and variety have been around for a while, but only Stream Reasoning approaches those two dimensions at once. Current results in the Stream Reasoning field are relevant for application areas that require to: handle massive datasets, process data streams on the fly, cope with heterogeneous incomplete and noisy data, provide reactive answers, support fine-grained information access, and integrate complex domain models. This talk starting from those requirements, frames the problem addressed by Stream Reasoning. It poses the research question and operationalise it with four simpler sub-questions. It describes how the database group of Politecnico di Milano positively answered those sub-questions in the last 7 years of research. It briefly surveys alternative approaches investigated by other research groups world wide and it elaborates on current limitations and open challenges.
The 10 minutes presentation I gave at my PhD defence on 21.9.2015 in Amsterdam. Prof. Frank van Harmelen was my promoter. Prof. Ian Horrocks, prof. Manfred Hauswirth, prof. Geert-Jan Houben, Peter Boncz and prof. Guus Schreiber were my opponents.
Listening to the pulse of our cities fusing Social Media Streams and Call Dat...Emanuele Della Valle
The digital reflection of our cities is sharpening and it is tracking their evolution with a decreasing delay. This happens thanks to the pervasive deployment of sensors, the wide adoption of smart phones, the usage of (location-based) social networks and the availability of datasets about urban environment. So while data becomes every day more abundant, decision makers face the challenge to increase their capability to create value out of the analysis of this data. This key note presents how advance visual analytics, ontology base data access and information flow processing methods can help in making sense of Social Media Streams and Call Data Records from Mobile Network Operators during city scale events. Real-world deployments demonstrate the ability of those methods to advance our ability to feel the pulse of our cities in order to deliver innovative services.
C’è un modo di raccontare un evento che passa attraverso la lettura dei flussi social che genera. Quella traccia digitale che ogni partecipante lascia sui social network quando condivide la sua partecipazione o la sua opinione. E’ possibile fondere e interpretare in tempo reale tali tracce utilizzando tecnologie d’analisi d’avanguardia e modelli avanzati di visualizzazione dei dati. Nel 2014 in collaborazione con StudioLabo e Telecom Italia, il Politecnico di Milano ha realizzato CitySensing, per mostrare l’impronta lasciata dal FuoriSalone sui social network. Focalizzando, in seguito, CitySensing sulle esigenze del gestore dell’evento, il Politecnico di Milano ha mostrato la potenzialità dell’approccio per il Festival della Comunicazione di Camogli e per il Festival delle Letterature di Pescara. La soluzione è ora offerta da Fluxedo.
C'è un modo di racocontare la città che passa attraverso la lettura dei flussi di dati che essa genera. Quelle tracce digitali che ciascuno di noi lascia ogni volta che compie un piccolo gesto quotidiano, come fare una telefonata o inviare un tweet.
In City Data Fusion, il Politecnico di Milano e Telecom Italia raccontano le città fondendo, interpretando e visualizzando i Big Data, ovvero quell'enorme e continuo flusso di tracce digitali che i loro abitanti e visitotori lasciano utilizzando il proprio smartphone o i servizi della città.
Questa presentazione vi introduce all'osservazione alcune città italiane in una prospettiva nuova.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Session 7
Risk and Change Management
Emanuele Della Valle
http://home.dei.polimi.it/dellavalle
2. Credits 2
This slides are largely based on Prof. John Musser
class notes on “Principles of Software Project
Management”
M t”
Original slides are available at
http://www.projectreference.com/
htt // j t f /
Reuse and republish permission was granted
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
3. Today 3
Risk Management
Feature Set Control
Change Control
Configuration M
C fi ti Management
t
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
4. Risk Management 4
Problems that haven’t happened yet
Why is it hard?
Some are wary of bearing bad news
• No one wants to be the messenger
g
• Or seen as “a worrier”
You need to define a strategy early in your project
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
5. Risk Management 5
Identification, Analysis, Control
Goal: avoid a crisis
Thayer: Risk Mgmt. vs. Project Mgt.
• For a specific vs. all p j
p projects
• Proactive vs. reactive
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
6. Risk Management
Definitions 6
Project Risk
• Characterized by:
– U
Uncertainty (0 < probability < 1)
t i t b bilit
– An associated loss (money, life, reputation, etc)
– Manageable – some action can control it
g
Risk Exposure
• Product of probability and potential loss
Problem
• A risk that has materialized
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
7. Risk Management
Types of Risks 7
Schedule Risks
• Schedule compression (customer, marketing, etc.)
Cost Risks
• Unreasonable budgets
Requirements Risks
• Incorrect
• Incomplete
• Unclear or inconsistent
• Volatile
Quality Risks
Operational Risks
Most of the “Classic Mistakes”
• Classic mistakes are made more often
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
8. Risk Management
Types of Unknowns 8
Known Unknowns
• Information you know someone else has
Unknown Unknowns
• Information that does not yet exist
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
10. Risk Management – Risk Assessment
Risk Identification 10
Get your team involved in this process
• Don’t go it alone
Produces a list of risks with potential to disrupt your
project’s schedule (but also budget, quality, …)
Use a checklist or similar source to brainstorm possible
risks
• http://www construx com/Page aspx?hid=1134
http://www.construx.com/Page.aspx?hid=1134
• Cached version available
– http://www.emanueledellavalle.org/slides/P&MSP2010_07_
Complete-List-of-Schedule-Risks-by-McConnel.pdf
C l t Li t f S h d l Ri k b M C l df
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
11. Risk Management – Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis 1/2 11
Determine impact of each risk
Risk Exposure (RE)
• a.k.a. “Risk Impact”
• RE = Probability of loss * size of loss
• Ex: risk is “Facilities not ready on time”
Facilities time
– Probability is 25%, size is 4 weeks, RE is 1 week
• Ex: risk is “Inadequate design – redesign required”
– Probability is 15%, size is 10 weeks, RE is 1.5 weeks
• Statistically are “expected values”
• Sum all RE’s to get expected overrun
– Which is pre risk management
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
12. Risk Management – Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis 2/2 12
Estimating size of loss
• Loss is easier to see than probability
– Y
You can break this d
b k thi down i t “chunks” (like WBS)
into “ h k ” (lik
Estimating probability of loss
• Use team member estimates and have a risk estimate
risk-estimate
review
• Use Delphi or group-consensus techniques
• Use gambling analogy” “how much would you bet”
analogy how bet
• Use “adjective calibration”:
– highly likely
– probably
– improbable
– unlikely
– highly unlikely
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
13. Risk Management – Risk Assessment
Risk Prioritization 13
Remember the 80-20 rule
Often want larger-loss risks higher
larger loss
• Or higher probability items
Possibly group ‘related risks’
yg p
Helps identify which risks to ignore
• Those at the bottom
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
14. Risk Management – Risk Control
Risk Management Plan 14
Can be 1 paragraph per risk
• For an example see Service-Finder’s “Risk Management
and contingency plan“
plan
• http://www.emanueledellavalle.org/slides/P&MSP2010_
07_Service-Finder_Risk-Management.pdf
McConnell’s example
• http://www.construx.com/Page.aspx?hid=1286
• Cached version available
– http://www.emanueledellavalle.org/slides/P&MSP2010_07_
Risk-Management-Plan-by-McConnell.pdf
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
15. Risk Management – Risk Control
Risk Resolution 1/2 15
Risk Avoidance
• Don’t do it
• Scrub from system
• Off-load to another party
Risk Assumption
• Don’t do anything about it
• Accept that it might occur
• But still watch for it
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
16. Risk Management – Risk Control
Risk Resolution 2/2 16
Problem control
• Develop contingency plans
• E g allocate extra test resources
E.g.,
Risk Transfer
• To another part of the project (or team)
• Move off the critical path at least
Knowledge Acquisition
• Investigate
– Ex: do a prototype
• Buy information or expertise about it
• Do research
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
17. Risk Management – Risk Control
Risk Monitoring 17
Top 10 Risk List
• Rank
• Previous Rank
• Weeks on List
• Risk Name
• Risk Resolution S
k l Status
A low-overhead best practice
Interim project post-mortems
• After various major milestones
McConnell’s example
• http://www.construx.com/Page.aspx?hid=1293
• Cached version available
– http://www.emanueledellavalle.org/slides/P&MSP2010_07_
Sample-Top-10-Risks-List-by-McConnel.pdf
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
18. Risk Management
Risk Communication 18
Don’t be afraid to convey the risks
Use your judgment to balance
• Sky-is-falling whiner vs. information distribution
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
19. Risk Management
Miniature Milestones 1/3 19
A risk-reduction technique
Use of small goals within project schedule
• One of McConnell’s Best Practices (Ch. 27)
Fine-grained approach to p
g pp plan & track
Reduces risk of undetected project slippage
Pros
• Enhances status visibility
• Good for project recovery
Cons
• Increase project tracking effort
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
20. Risk Management
Miniature Milestones 2/3 20
Can be used throughout the development cycle
Works with hard-to-manage project activities or
hard to manage
methods
• Such as with evolutionary prototyping
Reduces unpleasant surprises
Success factors
• Overcoming resistance from those managed
• Staying true to ‘miniature’ nature
Can improve motivation through achievements
C h h h
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
21. Risk Management
Miniature Milestones 3/3 21
Requires a detailed schedule
Have early milestones
McConnell says 1-2 days
• Longer is still g
g good (
(1-2 weeks)
)
Encourages iterative development
Use binary milestones
• Done or not done (100%)
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
22. Feature-Set Control 22
It is a class mistake avoidance technique
Early Stages
1. Minimal Specification
2. Requirements Scrubbing
3.
3 Versioned Development
Mid-Project
• Effective change control
Late-Project
• Feature cuts
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
23. Feature-Set Control
Traditional Specs 23
Drive for “traditional” specs
• Necessity
• Downstream cost avoidance
• Full control over all aspects
As McConnell notes:
• “But the goal is not to build exactly what you said you
would at the beginning. It is to build the best possible
software within the available time.”
time.
• Idealistic but worth remembering
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
24. Feature-Set Control - Early Stages
Minimal Specification 1/2 24
Tradition spec. issues
• Wasted effort
– T
Too much detail
h d t il
• Obsolescence
• Lack of efficacy -- details do not guarantee success
• Overly constrained design
• User assumption that costs are equal (UI ex.)
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
25. Feature-Set Control - Early Stages
Minimal Specification 2/2 25
Benefits
• Improved morale and motivation
• Opportunistic efficiency
• Shorter requirements phase
Costs and Risks
• Omission of key requirements
• Unclear or impossible goals
• Gold plating
• Used for the wrong reasons
– Lazy substitute for doing good requirements
Success Factors
• Used only when requirements are flexible
• C t
Capture most important items; involve k
ti t t it i l key users
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
26. Feature-Set Control - Early Stages
Minimal Specification vs. Extreme Programming 26
This is not XP (extreme programming)
In XP Requirements are
• expressed as automated acceptance tests rather than
specification documents
• defined incrementally, rather than trying to get them all
in advance
XP has broader goals
• An attempt to reconcile humanity and productivity
• A mechanism for social change
• A path to improvement
p p
• A style of development
• A software development discipline
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
27. Feature-Set Control - Early Stages
Requirements Scrubbing 27
Removing a feature from the product
• Eliminates all effort: spec., design, dev., test, doc.
• The earlier the better
• Typically done during or right after Requirements
Less risky than minimal specification
Aims
• Eliminate all but absolutely necessary requirements
• Simplify all complicated requirements
• Substitute cheaper items
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
28. Feature-Set Control - Early Stages
Versioned Development 28
Eliminate them from the current version
“Let’s put it in release 1.1
Let s 1.1”
• You’re still saying “Yes”, not “No”
By next rev. the list has changed anyway
y g y y
My favorite ;-)
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
29. Change Management
The Feature-Creep Phenomenon 1/2 29
Avg. project has 25% change in requirements during
development
Sources of change
• Marketing: want to meet customer’s check-list
• Developers: want to perfect r1 deficiencies
• Users: want more functionality or now ‘know’ what they
want
They will all try to ‘insert’ these during dev.
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
30. Change Management
The Feature-Creep Phenomenon 2/2 30
The devil is in the details
McConnell s
McConnell’s example: “trivial” feature can have +/-
trivial +/
weeks of impact
Developers ca insert things when you’re not looking
e e ope s can se t t gs e you e ot oo g
No spec. can cover all details. You must.
Programmer ideal: flip switch
Up to 10-1 differences in prog. size with the same
specs.
specs
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
31. Change Management
Change Control Board (CCB) 1/2 31
McConnell “best practice” (see Ch. 17)
Structure: representatives from each stakeholder
party
• Dev., QA, Marketing, Mgmt., Customer support
Perform “change analysis”
• Importance, priority, cost, benefit
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
32. Change Management
Change Control Board (CCB) 2/2 32
Triage
• Allocating scarce resources
• Some will not receive treatment
• Life-critical to the project
Will say “No” more than “Yes”
No Yes
Watch for bureaucracy
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
33. Change Management
Change Control 33
A set of fully fledge methods and tools
Change Control System
Configuration Management System
C fi ti M tS t
Configuration Management Tool
C fi ti M tT l
Good Reference
• “Quality Software Project Management”, Futrell, Shafer,
Shafer
Sh f
– Preview available on Google Books Search
http://books.google.com/books?id=8GqC7xHTwGsC
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
34. Change Management
Terminology 34
Change Control: process of controlling changes
• Proposal, evaluation, approval, scheduling,
implementation,
implementation tracking
Configuration Control: process of evaluating,
approving and disapproving and managing changes to
disapproving,
SCCIs.
Software Configuration Control Item (SCCI)
• Anything suitable for configuration control
• Source code, documents, diagrams, etc.
Version Control: controlling software version releases
• Recording and saving releases
• Documenting release differences
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
35. Change Management
Configuration Control 35
A management support function
Includes
• Program code changes
• Requirements and design changes
• Version release changes
Essential for developed items
• Code, documentation, etc.
Example
• The case of the code that used to work
– But didn’t in time for the demo
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
36. Change Management
Configuration Control Needs 36
Establish clearly defined mgmt. authority
Setup control standards, procedures and guidelines
• All team members must be aware of these
Requires appropriate tools and infrastructure
q pp p
Configuration Management Plan must be produced
during p
g planning phase
gp
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
37. Change Management
Configuration Management Plan 37
Must be produced during planning phase
Often part of Software Development Plan
Example of Control Procedure
• See http://www.construx.com/Page.aspx?hid=1424
• Cached version available
– http //
http://www.emanueledellavalle.org/slides/P&MSP2010_07_
eman eledella alle o g/slides/P&MSP2010 07
Change-Procedure-by-McConnel.pdf
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
38. Change Management
Software Configuration Management 38
Formal engineering discipline
Methods and tools to identify & manage software
throughout its use
For basic information consult
o bas c o at o co su t
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_configuration_management
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
39. 3rd Homework assignment 39
Top 10 Risk List for your project
use the template available at
http://www.emanueledellavalle.org/slides/P&MSP2010
_07_template-homework-3.doc
Fill it in with project code (e.g., 12) and group
members
Submit by email to mpsp2010@gmail.com
• Subject: [12] homework – 3
• Attachment: 12-homework-3.doc
Note
• Fine if you use a check-list (see slide 10) …
• BUT think about your project
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
40. Optional Readings 40
McConnell: 11 “Motivation”, 13 “Team Structure”
Schwalbe: 8 “Project Human Resource Management”
Project Management
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle
41. Questions? 41
Planning and Managing Software Projects – Emanuele Della Valle