From the semantic interoperability problem to Google's knowledge graph passing from the Semantic Web, Linked Data, Yahoo! search monkey, Facebook Open Graph, and schema.org.
Stream Reasoning: a summary of ten years of research and a vision for the nex...Emanuele Della Valle
Stream reasoning studies the application of inference techniques to data characterised by being highly dynamic. It can find application in several settings, from Smart Cities to Industry 4.0, from Internet of Things to Social Media analytics. This year stream reasoning turns ten, and this talk analyses its growth. In the first part, it traces the main results obtained so far, by presenting the most prominent studies. It starts by an overview of the most relevant studies developed in the context of semantic web, and then it extends the analysis to include contributions from adjacent areas, such as database and artificial intelligence. Looking at the past is useful to prepare for the future: the second part presents a set of open challenges and issues that stream reasoning will face in the next future.
In this talk, Albert Meroño Peñuela will summarize the ongoing efforts to bridge this gap by means of knowledge representations used in the Semantic Web (RDF and ontologies). In particular, he will describe recent research at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam on applying semantic models to the popular digital music format MIDI, and its implications for a future Web capable of providing a universal interface to musical knowledge.
The third lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It presents an introduction to the Semantic Web taking a brief walk through in this 15 years of research, standardisation and industrial uptake.
The second lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It discusses interoperability using HL7 v2 and v3 as examples of syntactic and semantic interoperability, respectively.
Listening to the pulse of our cities with Stream Reasoning (and few more tech...Emanuele Della Valle
The digital reflection of our cities is sharpening and it is tracking their evolution with a decreasing delay. However, we risk that data piles up without easing decision making. This key note, which I gave at the 12th Semantic Web Summer School, presents how stream reasoning (an approach to tame simultaneously the variety and velocity dimensions of Big Data) and advance visual analytics can support decision makers and discusses the lesson learnt.
s developing mash-ups with Web 2.0 really much easier than using Semantic Web technologies? For instance, given a music style as an input, what it takes to retrieve data from online music archives (MusicBrainz, MusicBrainz D2R Server, MusicMoz) and event databases (EVDB)? What to merge them and to let the users explore the results? Are Semantic Web technologies up to this Web 2.0 challenge? This half-day tutorial shows how to realize a Semantic Web Application we named Music Event Explorer or shortly meex (try it!).
Stream Reasoning: a summary of ten years of research and a vision for the nex...Emanuele Della Valle
Stream reasoning studies the application of inference techniques to data characterised by being highly dynamic. It can find application in several settings, from Smart Cities to Industry 4.0, from Internet of Things to Social Media analytics. This year stream reasoning turns ten, and this talk analyses its growth. In the first part, it traces the main results obtained so far, by presenting the most prominent studies. It starts by an overview of the most relevant studies developed in the context of semantic web, and then it extends the analysis to include contributions from adjacent areas, such as database and artificial intelligence. Looking at the past is useful to prepare for the future: the second part presents a set of open challenges and issues that stream reasoning will face in the next future.
In this talk, Albert Meroño Peñuela will summarize the ongoing efforts to bridge this gap by means of knowledge representations used in the Semantic Web (RDF and ontologies). In particular, he will describe recent research at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam on applying semantic models to the popular digital music format MIDI, and its implications for a future Web capable of providing a universal interface to musical knowledge.
The third lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It presents an introduction to the Semantic Web taking a brief walk through in this 15 years of research, standardisation and industrial uptake.
The second lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It discusses interoperability using HL7 v2 and v3 as examples of syntactic and semantic interoperability, respectively.
Listening to the pulse of our cities with Stream Reasoning (and few more tech...Emanuele Della Valle
The digital reflection of our cities is sharpening and it is tracking their evolution with a decreasing delay. However, we risk that data piles up without easing decision making. This key note, which I gave at the 12th Semantic Web Summer School, presents how stream reasoning (an approach to tame simultaneously the variety and velocity dimensions of Big Data) and advance visual analytics can support decision makers and discusses the lesson learnt.
s developing mash-ups with Web 2.0 really much easier than using Semantic Web technologies? For instance, given a music style as an input, what it takes to retrieve data from online music archives (MusicBrainz, MusicBrainz D2R Server, MusicMoz) and event databases (EVDB)? What to merge them and to let the users explore the results? Are Semantic Web technologies up to this Web 2.0 challenge? This half-day tutorial shows how to realize a Semantic Web Application we named Music Event Explorer or shortly meex (try it!).
Objeto de conferencia
International PKP Schorlaly Publishing Conference 2009 (Harbour Centre - Simon Frasier University, Canada)
La Plata National University is making a great effort to support and encourage scientific, technologic and artistic research and innovation, maintaining its quality, as well as the development and knowledge transference that benefit society and generate new scientific, technologic and artistic knowledge.
To achieve this purpose, the University fosters the education of high-quality human resources, the promotion of scientific, technologic and artistic activity, and its dissemination around the world.
Ver registro completo en: http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/5551
Stream reasoning: an approach to tame the velocity and variety dimensions of ...Emanuele Della Valle
Big Data tech can tame volume and velocity. Taming Variety in presence of volume and velocity is the real challenge. I’ve been working on taming variety and velocity simultaneously (Stream Reasoning) for 10 years, now. In this talk, I give you some examples of application domains where this is necessary. I explain where the Stream Reasoning community went so far in theory, applications and products. In particular I focus on my applications and my startup Fluxedo, which is offering real-time social media analytics across social networks. I conclude the talk discussing what comes next: 1) the need to focus on languages and abstractions able to easily capture user needs; 2) the need to find the sweet-spot between scalability and expressive semantics; 3) the need to used semantics to model more than the data access; and 4) the need to get over imperfect data. If you are exited, I did my job for today!
Presentation for IASA 24hr Online Summit, 30 April - 01 May 2020.
In every country, all of our enterprises are facing unprecedented levels of challenge and change. To help our organisations not just to weather the storm, but thrive in the new environment, enterprise architects would do well to extend their toolkit with tools from other strategic disciplines. This session provides a practical overview of some of the tools available from the futures/strategic-foresight domains, and shows how to use them in enterprise-architecture practice.
It's a Streaming World! Reasoning upon Rapidly Changing Information (Milano, ...Emanuele Della Valle
Reasoning on rapidly chancing information requires: a) semantic models for representing both data streams and continuous querying/reasoning tasks, and b) reasoning algorithms optimised for continuous reactive query-answering. This talk presents applications cases from which Stream Reasoning requirements were elicited, it briefly covers the findings of 5 year of research, it presents an optimised algorithm for Incremental Reasoning on RDF Streams (IMaRS), and offers an outlook on future research opportunities.
Reproducibility of model-based results: standards, infrastructure, and recogn...FAIRDOM
Written and presented by Dagmar Waltemath (University of Rostock) as part of the Reproducible and Citable Data and Models Workshop in Warnemünde, Germany. September 14th - 16th 2015.
Inclusive Design: an Introduction to Accessibility - Radina Matic - DrupalCon...Radina Matic
Talk about accessibility and inclusive design I presented at DrupalCon Barcelona on September 23, 2015.
Link for original talk:
https://events.drupal.org/barcelona2015/sessions/inclusive-design-introduction-accessibility-whys-and-hows
Open talk at the Poznań University of Technology coorganized by the University, the City of Poznań and PSNC. It took place on 12 May 2015 at 11: 15 a.m. in the Lecture and Conference Centre PP, ul. Piotrowo 2, room CW 8.
Bi-later integration are a short term approach to business integration, but only standards provide a long term solution. Unfortunately, agreeing on standards is hard and takes time, thus translation between standards is unavoidable. Embracing change is the only way to benefit from short term translation while developing over time comprehensive standards. Semantic technologies are design with flexibility in mind and, therefore, they can help in developing more comprehensive standards and easier to maintain translations.
This presentation provides:
- An update on the ALISS project outline we gave to the 2009 BCS Health Scotland conference;
- An overview of the activities we’ve been working on with networks of people with Long-Term Conditions;
- A preview of the data-quality-assurance approach we’ve embedded within the informatics element of the project.
Confessions of an Interdisciplinary Researcher: The Case of High Performance ...tiberiusp
Scaling up economics models to run on large input sizes, complex market and agent model settings, and on big computational resource pools is a demanding feat.
This presentation tells you what it takes to work as a computational economist.
The 10 minutes presentation I gave at my PhD defence on 21.9.2015 in Amsterdam. Prof. Frank van Harmelen was my promoter. Prof. Ian Horrocks, prof. Manfred Hauswirth, prof. Geert-Jan Houben, Peter Boncz and prof. Guus Schreiber were my opponents.
Data streams take many forms and their velocity is hard to tame. They can be myriads of tiny flows that you can collect to tame with Time-series Databases; continuous massive flows than you cannot stop to tame with Data Stream Management Systems; Continuous numerous flows that can turn into a torrent to tame with Event-based Systems; and myriads of continuous flows of any size and speed that form an immense delta to tame with Event-Driven Architectures. Enjoy this introductory talk!
This is the presentation that I did for PoliMI Data Scientists on Stream Reasoning, an approach to blend Artificial Intelligence and Stream Processing.
Objeto de conferencia
International PKP Schorlaly Publishing Conference 2009 (Harbour Centre - Simon Frasier University, Canada)
La Plata National University is making a great effort to support and encourage scientific, technologic and artistic research and innovation, maintaining its quality, as well as the development and knowledge transference that benefit society and generate new scientific, technologic and artistic knowledge.
To achieve this purpose, the University fosters the education of high-quality human resources, the promotion of scientific, technologic and artistic activity, and its dissemination around the world.
Ver registro completo en: http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/5551
Stream reasoning: an approach to tame the velocity and variety dimensions of ...Emanuele Della Valle
Big Data tech can tame volume and velocity. Taming Variety in presence of volume and velocity is the real challenge. I’ve been working on taming variety and velocity simultaneously (Stream Reasoning) for 10 years, now. In this talk, I give you some examples of application domains where this is necessary. I explain where the Stream Reasoning community went so far in theory, applications and products. In particular I focus on my applications and my startup Fluxedo, which is offering real-time social media analytics across social networks. I conclude the talk discussing what comes next: 1) the need to focus on languages and abstractions able to easily capture user needs; 2) the need to find the sweet-spot between scalability and expressive semantics; 3) the need to used semantics to model more than the data access; and 4) the need to get over imperfect data. If you are exited, I did my job for today!
Presentation for IASA 24hr Online Summit, 30 April - 01 May 2020.
In every country, all of our enterprises are facing unprecedented levels of challenge and change. To help our organisations not just to weather the storm, but thrive in the new environment, enterprise architects would do well to extend their toolkit with tools from other strategic disciplines. This session provides a practical overview of some of the tools available from the futures/strategic-foresight domains, and shows how to use them in enterprise-architecture practice.
It's a Streaming World! Reasoning upon Rapidly Changing Information (Milano, ...Emanuele Della Valle
Reasoning on rapidly chancing information requires: a) semantic models for representing both data streams and continuous querying/reasoning tasks, and b) reasoning algorithms optimised for continuous reactive query-answering. This talk presents applications cases from which Stream Reasoning requirements were elicited, it briefly covers the findings of 5 year of research, it presents an optimised algorithm for Incremental Reasoning on RDF Streams (IMaRS), and offers an outlook on future research opportunities.
Reproducibility of model-based results: standards, infrastructure, and recogn...FAIRDOM
Written and presented by Dagmar Waltemath (University of Rostock) as part of the Reproducible and Citable Data and Models Workshop in Warnemünde, Germany. September 14th - 16th 2015.
Inclusive Design: an Introduction to Accessibility - Radina Matic - DrupalCon...Radina Matic
Talk about accessibility and inclusive design I presented at DrupalCon Barcelona on September 23, 2015.
Link for original talk:
https://events.drupal.org/barcelona2015/sessions/inclusive-design-introduction-accessibility-whys-and-hows
Open talk at the Poznań University of Technology coorganized by the University, the City of Poznań and PSNC. It took place on 12 May 2015 at 11: 15 a.m. in the Lecture and Conference Centre PP, ul. Piotrowo 2, room CW 8.
Bi-later integration are a short term approach to business integration, but only standards provide a long term solution. Unfortunately, agreeing on standards is hard and takes time, thus translation between standards is unavoidable. Embracing change is the only way to benefit from short term translation while developing over time comprehensive standards. Semantic technologies are design with flexibility in mind and, therefore, they can help in developing more comprehensive standards and easier to maintain translations.
This presentation provides:
- An update on the ALISS project outline we gave to the 2009 BCS Health Scotland conference;
- An overview of the activities we’ve been working on with networks of people with Long-Term Conditions;
- A preview of the data-quality-assurance approach we’ve embedded within the informatics element of the project.
Confessions of an Interdisciplinary Researcher: The Case of High Performance ...tiberiusp
Scaling up economics models to run on large input sizes, complex market and agent model settings, and on big computational resource pools is a demanding feat.
This presentation tells you what it takes to work as a computational economist.
The 10 minutes presentation I gave at my PhD defence on 21.9.2015 in Amsterdam. Prof. Frank van Harmelen was my promoter. Prof. Ian Horrocks, prof. Manfred Hauswirth, prof. Geert-Jan Houben, Peter Boncz and prof. Guus Schreiber were my opponents.
Similar to Knowledge graphs in search engines (20)
Data streams take many forms and their velocity is hard to tame. They can be myriads of tiny flows that you can collect to tame with Time-series Databases; continuous massive flows than you cannot stop to tame with Data Stream Management Systems; Continuous numerous flows that can turn into a torrent to tame with Event-based Systems; and myriads of continuous flows of any size and speed that form an immense delta to tame with Event-Driven Architectures. Enjoy this introductory talk!
This is the presentation that I did for PoliMI Data Scientists on Stream Reasoning, an approach to blend Artificial Intelligence and Stream Processing.
While the state of the art in Machine Learning offers practitioners effective tecniques to deal with static data sets, there are only accademic results tailored to data streams. In this presentation for the 4th Stream Reasoning workshop, I report on an effort of Alessio Bernardo (a student of mines) to set up a benchmark enviroment to (i) repeat academic results, (ii) perform studies on real data for confirming the academic results, and (iii) study the research problem of "incremental rebalancing learning on evolving data streams".
HiPPO and Flipism are no longer the only way to take decisions. In the Big Data / Data Science era one can dream of data-driven organization. If the data were "oil", Big Data technologies extract, transport, and store it, while Data Science methods provide the a way to "refine the crude oil". This presentation elaborates on the Ws (What, Why, When, Who and How) of Big Data and Data Science.
La Città dei Balocchi, con le sue luci, è un evento chiave nel panorama dell'offerta turistica Natalizia Lombarda. La presentazione riporta i risultati di un'analisi di chi è venuto e quando.
Realizzato da Fluxedo srl e Olivetti spa per il Consorzio Como Turistica, con la collaborazione di Politecnico di Milano, TIM e Comune di Como, nel contesto del progetto CrowdInsights finanziato da EIT Digital.
Every body talks about Big Data, but why? Do it create value? Do it enable some paradigmatic shifts in the way we work with data? This talk I did at ComoNext research and technological park cast some light on those questions.
The forth lecture of the course I'm giving on "Interoperability and Semantic Technologies" at Politecnico di Milano in the academic year 2015-16. It presents an introduction to RDF. It starts presenting the data model. Then it presents the turtle serialization. It compares XML vs. RDF. Finally, it provides few informations about RDFa and Linked Data.
Stream reasoning: mastering the velocity and the variety dimensions of Big Da...Emanuele Della Valle
More and more applications require real-time processing of heterogeneous data streams. In terms of the “Vs” of Big Data (volume, velocity, variety and veracity), they require addressing velocity and variety at the same time. Big Data solutions able to handle separately velocity and variety have been around for a while, but only Stream Reasoning approaches those two dimensions at once. Current results in the Stream Reasoning field are relevant for application areas that require to: handle massive datasets, process data streams on the fly, cope with heterogeneous incomplete and noisy data, provide reactive answers, support fine-grained information access, and integrate complex domain models. This talk starting from those requirements, frames the problem addressed by Stream Reasoning. It poses the research question and operationalise it with four simpler sub-questions. It describes how the database group of Politecnico di Milano positively answered those sub-questions in the last 7 years of research. It briefly surveys alternative approaches investigated by other research groups world wide and it elaborates on current limitations and open challenges.
Listening to the pulse of our cities fusing Social Media Streams and Call Dat...Emanuele Della Valle
The digital reflection of our cities is sharpening and it is tracking their evolution with a decreasing delay. This happens thanks to the pervasive deployment of sensors, the wide adoption of smart phones, the usage of (location-based) social networks and the availability of datasets about urban environment. So while data becomes every day more abundant, decision makers face the challenge to increase their capability to create value out of the analysis of this data. This key note presents how advance visual analytics, ontology base data access and information flow processing methods can help in making sense of Social Media Streams and Call Data Records from Mobile Network Operators during city scale events. Real-world deployments demonstrate the ability of those methods to advance our ability to feel the pulse of our cities in order to deliver innovative services.
C’è un modo di raccontare un evento che passa attraverso la lettura dei flussi social che genera. Quella traccia digitale che ogni partecipante lascia sui social network quando condivide la sua partecipazione o la sua opinione. E’ possibile fondere e interpretare in tempo reale tali tracce utilizzando tecnologie d’analisi d’avanguardia e modelli avanzati di visualizzazione dei dati. Nel 2014 in collaborazione con StudioLabo e Telecom Italia, il Politecnico di Milano ha realizzato CitySensing, per mostrare l’impronta lasciata dal FuoriSalone sui social network. Focalizzando, in seguito, CitySensing sulle esigenze del gestore dell’evento, il Politecnico di Milano ha mostrato la potenzialità dell’approccio per il Festival della Comunicazione di Camogli e per il Festival delle Letterature di Pescara. La soluzione è ora offerta da Fluxedo.
C'è un modo di racocontare la città che passa attraverso la lettura dei flussi di dati che essa genera. Quelle tracce digitali che ciascuno di noi lascia ogni volta che compie un piccolo gesto quotidiano, come fare una telefonata o inviare un tweet.
In City Data Fusion, il Politecnico di Milano e Telecom Italia raccontano le città fondendo, interpretando e visualizzando i Big Data, ovvero quell'enorme e continuo flusso di tracce digitali che i loro abitanti e visitotori lasciano utilizzando il proprio smartphone o i servizi della città.
Questa presentazione vi introduce all'osservazione alcune città italiane in una prospettiva nuova.
Big data: why, what, paradigm shifts enabled , tools and market landscapeEmanuele Della Valle
This presentation brings together many contents you may have seen before (reports by McKinsey, Gatner and IBM, and info-graphics by Intel and Go-Globe) are agglomerated in one comprehensive and up-to-date view of Big Data.
City Data Fusion and City Sensing presented at EIT ICT Labs for EXPO 2015Emanuele Della Valle
EIT ICT Labs wants be present at EXPO 2015. The City Data Fusion project proposes to install City Sensing in EXPO Gate to display the pulse of Milano during the EXPO. The idea of City Data Fusion and the installation of City Data Fusion for Milano Design Week 2014 is covered in the slides.
On the effectiveness of a Mobile Puzzle Game UI to Crowdsource Linked Data Ma...Emanuele Della Valle
Linked Data publishing on the Web is a stably growing phenomenon, but its effective usage depends on the ability of consumers to assess the trustworthiness and the relevance of the published data. Pure automatic techniques are often inadequate to this end. Crowdsourcing is often advocated as a valuable solution. In this presentation, we propose WikiFinder – a Games With A Purpose inspired by popular mobile puzzle games – and we report on its effectiveness in solving typical Linked Data Management tasks.
City Data Fusion: A Big Data Infrastructure to sense the pulse of the city in...Emanuele Della Valle
Streams of information flow through our cities thanks to their progressive instrumentation with diverse sensors, a wide adoption of smart phones and social networks, and a growing open release of datasets. This research investigates the possibility to feel the pulse of our cities in real-time by fusing and making sense of all those information flows. The expected result is a Big Data infrastructure that exploits: semantic technologies, streaming databases, visual analytics, and crowd-sourcing techniques whose incentives are designed for urban environment and life styles. Early deployments for city scale events offer insights on the kind of services such infrastructure will enable.
Order Matters! Harnessing a World of Orderings for Reasoning over Massive DataEmanuele Della Valle
More and more applications require real-time processing of massive, dynamically generated, ordered data; order is an essential factor as it reflects recency or relevance. Semantic technologies risk being unable to meet the needs of such applications, as they are not equipped with the appropriate instruments for answering queries over massive, highly dynamic, ordered data sets. This talk argues that some order-aware data management techniques should be exported to the context of semantic technologies, by integrating ordering with reasoning, and by using methods which are inspired by stream and rank-aware data management. This talk systematically explores the problem space, and points both to problems which have been successfully approached and to problems which still need fundamental research, in an attempt to stimulate and guide a paradigm shift in semantic technologies.
The talk about "Stream Reasoning" for INQUEST -- INnovative QUErying of STreams 2012 -- (http://games.cs.ox.ac.uk/inquest12/) organized in Oxford, United Kingdom, September 25-27 2012.
The talks presents a comprehensive view on "Stream Reasoning" -- reasoning on rapidly flowing information. It illustrates the challenges, presents the achievements of the database group of Politecnico di Milano on the topic, reviews the challenges pointing to results and ongoing work in the Semantic Web community and proposes how to go beyond the current Stream Reasoning concept. It particular, it points out that "orders matters" when processing massive data and it proposes to investigate streaming algorithms for automated reasoning that can be applied not only to data streams that are "naturally" ordered (by recency) but to any sortable data source.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...
Knowledge graphs in search engines
1. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Knowledge Graphs
in search engines like Google
Emanuele Della Valle
DEIB - Politecnico di Milano
http://emanueledellavalle.org
@manudellavalle
2. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution
3.0 Unported License.
Your are free:
to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to Remix — to adapt the work
Under the following conditions
Attribution — You must attribute the work by inserting
“by E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org -
@manudellavalle”
at the end of each reused slide
To view a copy of this license, visithttp
://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
2
3. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Me
• Assistant Professor at DEIB
Politecnico di Milano
• Expert in semantic technologies
and stream computing
• Brander of stream reasoning: an
approach to master the velocity
and variety dimension of Big Data
• https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&q="stream+reasoning"
• 17 years of experience in
research and innovation projects
• Startupper:
• http://www.fluxedo.com
3
emanuele.dellavalle@poli
mi.it
@manudellavalle
http://emanueledellavalle.o
rg
http://streamreasoning.org
http://fluxedo.com
4. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
• The interoperability problem
• The standardization dilemma
• One standard does not fit all
• Embrace change with semantic technologies
• Demo time for Google Knowledge Graph
• How this become possible
Agenda
4
5. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Definitions of Interoperability
• Interoperability
• the ability of information and communication technology (ICT) systems
to exchange data and to enable sharing of information and knowledge
• Functional interoperability
• Information has to be transmitted reliably between heterogeneous
applications
• Semantic interoperability
• Transmission must occur without loss of meaning, and thus without
loss of computability
• E.g., Semantic Interoperability in healthcare information systems
• It is the ability to share information without loss of computable
meaning, across multiple applications concerned with
clinical (primary use) and related administrative, financial, and
research domains (secondary uses).
5
6. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Once upon a time …
6
…, in an happy organization, users
were happy of the application the IT
department prepared for them, but …
application
[…]
… the organization was not alone.
Another organization developed a
complementary application …
complementary application
[…]
… so, one day, the two organizations
decided to integrate the two
applications.
Organizational
boundaries
application
[…]
complementary application
[…]
Organizational
boundaries
application
[…]
?
Having much to gain the happy
organization decided to invest in a
bi-lateral solution
complementary application
[…]
Organizational
boundaries
application
[…]
adapter
!
7. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… this went on for a while, but …
7
[…]
!
… the more bi-lateral integrations, the sadder the organizations
became.
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
!
!
!!
!!
!!
!?!
!!!
!
!!
!?!?!?
?!?
?!? ! OK
!! Good
!!! Very Good
!?! Very Good …
?!? Have I done the
right thing?
??? Does it make
sence?
?#@ Why am I
doying it!!!
Legend
8. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… So, they standardized and …
8
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
standard
… and they lived happily ever after!
9. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Well, not really :-( Actually …
9
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
??? KEEP
CALM
AND
WAIT FOR
1 YEARS10100
10. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Why? The Standardization dilemma!
Comprehensive
Handles all use cases
Good
High quality
Timely
Completed quickly
Pick two!
Pick two!
10
11. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
There are a variety of them
11
Standards are like plumbs
13. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
And they keep changing :-(
13
[Credits: Rafael Richards]
14. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Why?
14
[source http://xkcd.com/927/ ]
15. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… sometime the variety is required
15
standards are like plumbs
16. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
One standard does not fit all
Different use cases need need different data, granularity and representations
16
[source: dbooth.org/2014/yosemite/yosemite-project-slides.pdf]
17. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… thus translation is needed
17
standards are like plumbs
18. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
And counting on translation between standards is even convenient while
working on increasing the comprehensiveness of a standard over time
18
Translation is unavoidable!
Comprehensive
0%
100%
Time
Translation
Standard
19. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
But be aware of the cost of ad hoc translation!
19
standards are like plumbs
20. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
…in healthcare costs $30000 Million per year in USA
[source: http://www.calgaryscientific.com/blog/bid/284224/Interoperability-Could-
Reduce-U-S-Healthcare-Costs-by-Thirty-Billion]
20
The luck of interoperability …
21. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
So What?!?
“It is not necessarily
the strongest of the
species that survives
nor the most intelligent,
but the one that is
most responsive to change.”
--- Charles Darwin
“The Origin of Species”
21
22. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Embrace change!
22
23. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
23
subject objectobject
property
Proposing a simple data model: RDF
E.g.,
Flexible enough to represent:
Tables
Amoxi-
cillin
bacterial
disease
bacterial
disease
treats
Trees Graphs
24. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Providing a powerful query language: SPARQL
E.g., what does Amoxicillin treat?
?x={Bacterial disease, Urinary tract infection, Sinus infection, …}
Flexible enough to query RDF data even without knowing the schema
E.g., can you describe Amoxicillin ?
?p={treats} ?x={Bacterial disease, Urinary tract infection, Sinus infection, …}
?p={hasSideEffects} ?x={Diarrhoea}
?p={belongsTo} ?x={β-Lactam antibiotic, Penicillin-class Antibacterial}
…
Semantic Technologies embrace change
24
Amoxi-
cillin
?x?x
treats
Amoxi-
cillin
?x?x
?p
25. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Providing a formal language for conceptual modelling: OWL
E.g., Heart
Heart is a muscular
organ that is part of
the circulatory system
∀x.[ Heart(x)→
MuscolarOrgan(x)∧
∃y.[isPartOf(x,y )∧
CirculatorySystem(y)]]
OWL is a modular standard that offers different trade-offs
OWL-QL OWL-RL OWL-EL
Semantic Technologies embrace change
25
TermsData
Terms
Data Terms
Data
26. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
26
Standard in OWL
[…]
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability
problems
<XML><XML>
Translator Translator Translator
27. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
27
Standard in OWL
[…]
SPARQL Queries
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability
problems
RDBMS <XML><XML>
Translator Translator Translator
28. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
28
Standard in OWL
Results
{ , , }
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability
problems
[…]
RDBMS <XML><XML>
Translator Translator Translator
29. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 29
30. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 30
DEM
O
TIM
E
31. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Search for Galileo and look to the right
31
Galileo
Galilei
AstronomerAstronomer
type
February
15, 1564
February
15, 1564
when born
CallistoCallisto
GanimedeGanimede
discovered
32. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Let's try a more complex query
32
Galileo
Galilei
discovered
?x?x
33. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Try and enjoy!
33
34. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 34
35. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
“The Semantic Web is not a
separate Web, but an
extension of the current one,
in which information is given
well-defined meaning, better
enabling computers and
people to work in
cooperation.”
“The Semantic Web”,
Scientific American Magazine,
Maggio 2001
Semantic interoperability
on the functionally
interoperable Web
2001
In the begging was the Semantic Web
35
36. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
It gained popularity when Linked Data became standards
36
View the full talk at http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/484 !
37. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
it was funded by USA, UK and …
37
38. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
… and EU
39. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
Search engine created incentives
[source https://developer.yahoo.com/searchmonkey/siteowner.html ]
40. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
Search engine created incentives
[source https://developers.google.com/structured-data/rich-snippets/ ]
41. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
•Since Fall 2009
•450.000 products
•Using RDFa
(= RDF embedded in HTML)
•Pages with RDFa higher in Google
ranking
•BestBuy claims 30% more traffic!
•Yahoo reports 15% higher click-
through rat
2009
Best Buy picked them up
43. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Google for Nikon+12.3-Megapixel+Digital+SLR+Camera
https://www.google.com/search?q=Nikon+12.3-Megapixel+Digital+SLR+Camera
2009
Best Buy picked them up
en
Sponsored
Links
44. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
• Who: Richard MacManus
• When: April 15th, 2010
• Context: Modigliani’s painting are
scattered all other the world
• The challenge: If all museums would have
published their collections as linked data,
will it be possible to know the locations of all
the original paintings of Modigliani?
• http://readwrite.com/2010/04/15/the_modigliani_test_semantic_web_tipping_
2010
The Modigliani test for Linked Data
45. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
The Results of Modigliani test for Linked Data
• Who: Atanas Kiryakov (Ontotext AD)
• When: April 25th, 2010
• How: http://factforge.net/ a “reason-able” view to the web of data
• Results: http://bit.ly/ModiglianiTest
http://readwrite.com/2010/04/25/the_modigliani_test_for_linked_data
2010
The Modigliani test for Linked Data
Part of my LarKC project
http://www.larkc.org/
46. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Use RDFa with some FB specific vocabulary
og:title - The title of your object, e.g., "The Rock".
og:type - The type of your object, e.g., "movie".
og:image - An image URL
og:url - The permanent ID of your object
og:description - A one to two sentence description of your object.
og:site_name - If your object is part of a larger web site, the name which
should be displayed for the overall site. e.g., "IMDb".
2010
It went main stream with Facebook Open Graph
http://ogp.me/
47. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Open Graph Usage Statistics
15 millions sites are using Open Graph! 39% of the top 10,000 sites
2010
It went main stream with Facebook Open Graph
[Source: http://trends.builtwith.com/docinfo/Open-Graph-Protocol]
%
40
30
20
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
48. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
•The core vocabulary currently consists of
•597 Types
•867 Properties
•114 Enumeration values
[Sourcehttp://blog.schema.org/2015/11/schemaorg-whats-new.html]
2011
It reached its full potential with schema.org
49. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Thanks to schema.org also recipe are
in the Knowledge Graphs
49
50. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 50
51. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Google Knowledge Graph (powered by
Semantic Technologies) passes the Modigliani Test
51
52. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Knowledge Graphs
in search engines like Google
Emanuele Della Valle
DEIB - Politecnico di Milano
http://emanueledellavalle.org
@manudellavalle