This document provides an overview of agriculture in India. Some key points:
- Agriculture is an important sector for India's economy and livelihoods, providing employment for 75% of the population.
- India ranks highly globally in many agricultural categories like milk, fruits and vegetables, and crops like wheat and rice.
- Reforms are needed to make the agricultural extension system more holistic, participatory, and address new challenges in farming.
- A variety of public and private extension models should be promoted to disseminate technologies and information to farmers.
Information Communication Technology and Indian Agricultureijtsrd
Β
Development of technology has opened new opportunities and dimensions for the agriculture sector in India. This technological advancement has enabled the country to shift from a period of traditional subsistence farming to an era of hi commercial farming. India today makes use of technology at every stage of agriculture right from production and processing till marketing. In spite of this, there still remain challenges in its complete adoption by small and marginal farmers which if suitably addressed could lead to the rapid growth of the primary sector in the future years. Dr. T. M. Gurnule "Information Communication Technology and Indian Agriculture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38606.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/38606/information-communication-technology-and-indian-agriculture/dr-t-m-gurnule
IFPRI organized a two day workshop on βAgricultural Extension Reforms in South Asia β Status, Challenges, and Policy Optionsβ to be organized at Committee Room 3, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on February 17-18, 2015. IFPRI has been conducting research related to agricultural extension reforms in India and collaborating with researchers in other south Asian countries for the past five years through various projects. For understanding extension reforms in India, a major consultation was held in NAARM in 2009 during which policy makers called for development of evidence for spreading extension reform process in India. Since then several research papers have been produced on various aspects of Indian extension system. While they are presented in various forms including several discussion papers, there is a need to pull all the research result together to present it in form that could be used by the policy makers to further guide them in the reform process. South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are going through similar challenges in getting knowledge to farmers. Several experiment shave been conducted to test new approaches to extension by the public, private and NGO sectors. Learning from each country experiences will bring collective understanding and knowledge for the policy makers who are attempting to bring changes in the reform process. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together a groups of researchers, analysts and policy makers to present the issues, constraints and challenges facing agricultural extension reforms that are being implemented in South Asian countries.
In this paper we first provide a brief history of growth in crop agriculture and its characteristics. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges that Bangladesh agriculture will face in future (including climate change) and the key issues that need resolution in order to face these challenges.
The resolution of these challenges will require interventions mediated by the government and involving the private sector, including both policy actions and the necessary investments in relevant areas. These investment needs are elaborated as far as possible in this paper, along with an initial prioritization. We make no attempt to indicate how such investment needs may be realized, their sequence, or how to mobilize them. These are matters for future discussion.
Information Communication Technology and Indian Agricultureijtsrd
Β
Development of technology has opened new opportunities and dimensions for the agriculture sector in India. This technological advancement has enabled the country to shift from a period of traditional subsistence farming to an era of hi commercial farming. India today makes use of technology at every stage of agriculture right from production and processing till marketing. In spite of this, there still remain challenges in its complete adoption by small and marginal farmers which if suitably addressed could lead to the rapid growth of the primary sector in the future years. Dr. T. M. Gurnule "Information Communication Technology and Indian Agriculture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38606.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/38606/information-communication-technology-and-indian-agriculture/dr-t-m-gurnule
IFPRI organized a two day workshop on βAgricultural Extension Reforms in South Asia β Status, Challenges, and Policy Optionsβ to be organized at Committee Room 3, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on February 17-18, 2015. IFPRI has been conducting research related to agricultural extension reforms in India and collaborating with researchers in other south Asian countries for the past five years through various projects. For understanding extension reforms in India, a major consultation was held in NAARM in 2009 during which policy makers called for development of evidence for spreading extension reform process in India. Since then several research papers have been produced on various aspects of Indian extension system. While they are presented in various forms including several discussion papers, there is a need to pull all the research result together to present it in form that could be used by the policy makers to further guide them in the reform process. South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are going through similar challenges in getting knowledge to farmers. Several experiment shave been conducted to test new approaches to extension by the public, private and NGO sectors. Learning from each country experiences will bring collective understanding and knowledge for the policy makers who are attempting to bring changes in the reform process. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together a groups of researchers, analysts and policy makers to present the issues, constraints and challenges facing agricultural extension reforms that are being implemented in South Asian countries.
In this paper we first provide a brief history of growth in crop agriculture and its characteristics. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges that Bangladesh agriculture will face in future (including climate change) and the key issues that need resolution in order to face these challenges.
The resolution of these challenges will require interventions mediated by the government and involving the private sector, including both policy actions and the necessary investments in relevant areas. These investment needs are elaborated as far as possible in this paper, along with an initial prioritization. We make no attempt to indicate how such investment needs may be realized, their sequence, or how to mobilize them. These are matters for future discussion.
The Role of agriculture in economic development - in TanzaniaElisha Magolanga
Β
Agriculture continues to provide livelihood for about 80% of the labour force despite the trends towards income diversification and urbanization (Bryceson 1999; GoT 2011). The majority of farmers are smallholders who rely on traditional methods in cultivation and livestock-keeping. The average farm size is less than two hectares per household. Since the mid-1980s, the growth in domestic food production has lagged behind the population growth which has been over 2.5% annually. Especially the per capita production of fresh vegetables, roots and tubers has declined while wheat imports have grown manifold (Haapanen, 2011).
Poorva Pandya
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - COVID-19, global markets and African agricultural trade: Impacts on growth and food security
Organized by IFPRI, with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
SEP 17, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
Β
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
Presented by Tahmina Begum, Deputy Director of the Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of W...ijtsrd
Β
This study dwelt on Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in Southeast Nigeria. Nigerian agricultural system has not been living up to expectation, despite the wide range of programmes, policies and approaches that have been formulated for its enhancement and sustenance. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select 399 respondents of the women agricultural cooperative members. Primary data was sourced through the use of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 23 and strata 14 software. The descriptive statistics used include frequency distribution table, simple percentages, weighted mean and mean threshold of five point likert scale measure while inferential statistics used include regression, and ANOVA, which were used for the test of hypotheses formulated. The result of hypothesis one revealed that the socioeconomic characteristics of the members of the women agricultural cooperative have significant influence on the use of extension services with Age 2.07 ,level of education 3.39 ,main occupation 2.46 and income 3.25.Hypotheses 2 and 3 also revealed that the level of use of agricultural extension services have significant effect on the women's income and output performance indices with F statistics value of 107.42 ,72.11 and r 0.4622,0.3658 respectively. It is recommended that women farmers need education and training for better understanding of extension services and programmes which will provide assistance to them, for improved agricultural production. Women agricultural cooperative members need training on financial inclusion that they can use all available sources of credit for enhancement of agricultural activities and this will boost food security in the Southeast and Nigeria in general. Okafor I. P. | Umebali E. E "Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in South East, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29544.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/29544/effects-of-agricultural-extension-services-on-the-performance-of-members-of-women-agricultural-cooperatives-in-south-east-nigeria/okafor-i-p
Agribusinesses are important to India for multiple reasons-------- such as their contribution to the economy, the number of people they employ, strategic reasons of food security and providing raw material to other industries.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
Β
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on βThe future of food and agricultural transformationβ organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
The Role of agriculture in economic development - in TanzaniaElisha Magolanga
Β
Agriculture continues to provide livelihood for about 80% of the labour force despite the trends towards income diversification and urbanization (Bryceson 1999; GoT 2011). The majority of farmers are smallholders who rely on traditional methods in cultivation and livestock-keeping. The average farm size is less than two hectares per household. Since the mid-1980s, the growth in domestic food production has lagged behind the population growth which has been over 2.5% annually. Especially the per capita production of fresh vegetables, roots and tubers has declined while wheat imports have grown manifold (Haapanen, 2011).
Poorva Pandya
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - COVID-19, global markets and African agricultural trade: Impacts on growth and food security
Organized by IFPRI, with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
SEP 17, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
Β
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
Presented by Tahmina Begum, Deputy Director of the Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of W...ijtsrd
Β
This study dwelt on Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in Southeast Nigeria. Nigerian agricultural system has not been living up to expectation, despite the wide range of programmes, policies and approaches that have been formulated for its enhancement and sustenance. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select 399 respondents of the women agricultural cooperative members. Primary data was sourced through the use of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 23 and strata 14 software. The descriptive statistics used include frequency distribution table, simple percentages, weighted mean and mean threshold of five point likert scale measure while inferential statistics used include regression, and ANOVA, which were used for the test of hypotheses formulated. The result of hypothesis one revealed that the socioeconomic characteristics of the members of the women agricultural cooperative have significant influence on the use of extension services with Age 2.07 ,level of education 3.39 ,main occupation 2.46 and income 3.25.Hypotheses 2 and 3 also revealed that the level of use of agricultural extension services have significant effect on the women's income and output performance indices with F statistics value of 107.42 ,72.11 and r 0.4622,0.3658 respectively. It is recommended that women farmers need education and training for better understanding of extension services and programmes which will provide assistance to them, for improved agricultural production. Women agricultural cooperative members need training on financial inclusion that they can use all available sources of credit for enhancement of agricultural activities and this will boost food security in the Southeast and Nigeria in general. Okafor I. P. | Umebali E. E "Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in South East, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29544.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/29544/effects-of-agricultural-extension-services-on-the-performance-of-members-of-women-agricultural-cooperatives-in-south-east-nigeria/okafor-i-p
Agribusinesses are important to India for multiple reasons-------- such as their contribution to the economy, the number of people they employ, strategic reasons of food security and providing raw material to other industries.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
Β
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on βThe future of food and agricultural transformationβ organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
IFPRI organized a two day workshop on βAgricultural Extension Reforms in South Asia β Status, Challenges, and Policy Optionsβ to be organized at Committee Room 3, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on February 17-18, 2015. IFPRI has been conducting research related to agricultural extension reforms in India and collaborating with researchers in other south Asian countries for the past five years through various projects. For understanding extension reforms in India, a major consultation was held in NAARM in 2009 during which policy makers called for development of evidence for spreading extension reform process in India. Since then several research papers have been produced on various aspects of Indian extension system. While they are presented in various forms including several discussion papers, there is a need to pull all the research result together to present it in form that could be used by the policy makers to further guide them in the reform process. South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are going through similar challenges in getting knowledge to farmers. Several experiment shave been conducted to test new approaches to extension by the public, private and NGO sectors. Learning from each country experiences will bring collective understanding and knowledge for the policy makers who are attempting to bring changes in the reform process. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together a groups of researchers, analysts and policy makers to present the issues, constraints and challenges facing agricultural extension reforms that are being implemented in South Asian countries.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on βInvesting in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutritionβ organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
BIG IDEAS for partnerships in sustainable developmentICRISAT
Β
ICRISAT has identified the biggest hurdles and opportunities critical for the
development of agriculture and agribusiness in the drylands.
The drylands cover 40% of the worldβs land, where one-third of the people depend on agriculture and over 600 million of these people are among the poorest in the world. Climate change is also making the drylands a tougher environment to develop and survive.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Poverty Reduction: Policy and Capacity Ch...LINKInnovationStudies
Β
The 2008 World Development Report recognised that development through agricultural innovation would be central to reducing poverty in the poorest countries. However, contemporary notions of innovation and innovation capacity, characterised by networks or systems to mobilise knowledge and use it in new ways, not only call into question the main policy instrument for agricultural innovation β research β but also challenge accepted ways of working across the whole agricultural development architecture, particularly arrangements associated with technology transfer. To paraphrase a large debate, often agricultural development does not need agricultural extension services to transfer βmodernβ technology. Rather, assistance is needed to help farmers to better embed in flexible networks that link them both to market opportunities and sources of information on practices, standards and preferences and sources in inputs, including credit, so that they can make the most of these changing opportunities. This presentation outlines some points for policymakers to consider.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
Β
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. π I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Β
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
Β
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Β
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
Β
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new productβit signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
Β
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Β
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Β
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Rohani Baba In Karachi Bangali Baba Karachi Online Amil Baba WorldWide...Amil baba
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Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
Β
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
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It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
2. ο Agriculture Sector is changing the
socio-economic environments of the
population due to liberalization and
globalization
ο About 75% people are living in rural areas
and are still dependent on Agriculture.
About 43% of Indiaβs geographical area is
used for agricultural activity
ο Agriculture continues to play a major role in
Indian Economy
Indian Agriculture
2
3. ο Provides about 65% of the livelihood .
ο Accounts for 27% of GDP.
ο Contributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies Raw
materials to Industries.
ο Growth Rate in production - 5.7%.
ο Food grains production β 211.17 mt
3
4. Rank
ο Total Area Seventh
ο Population Second
ο Economically Active population Second
ο Total Cereals Third
ο Wheat Second
ο Rice Second
ο Coarse grains Fourth
ο Total Pulses First
ο Oil Seeds Second
ο Fruits and Vegetables Second
ο Implements (Tractors) Third
ο Milk First
ο Live Stock (cattle, Buffaloe) First
4
5. ο Total Geographical Area (TGA) - 329 M.H
ο Potential for Biological Production - 265 M.H
ο Net Sown Area (NSA) - 143 M.H
ο Net Irrigated Area - 56 M.H
ο Area threatened by land degradation - 50% of
TGA
ο Drought-prone Area - 190 M.H
5
6. ο Green Revolution.
ο Blue Revolution (water, fish).
ο White Revolution (Milk).
ο Yellow Revolution (flower, edible).
ο Bio-Technology Revolution.
ο ICT Revolution
6
7. ο National Agriculture Policy (2000).
ο National Seeds policy (2002).
ο Cooperative Policy .
ο Agricultural Price policy.
ο Agricultural Extension Framework (2001).
ο WTO/GATT agreement (1994).
In addition to, various working groups, taskforces, mid-term
appraisals and plan schemes (~68)
(for further details www.agricoop.nic.in)
7
8. WTO is a multilateral trade agreement where a
country can enter into trade with other country.
Earlier WTO was know as GATT (General Agreement on
Trade and Tariff) which came into existence in 1947.
Later modified into WTO.
β’ WTO remove all the trade barriers, eliminate
discriminatory treatment in international market and
reduction in tariff.
8
9. ο Transparent, free and rule based trading
system
ο Provide common institutional framework for
conduct of trade relations among members
ο Facilitate the implementation,
administration and operation of Multilateral
trade agreements
ο Rules and procedures formulated for
dispute settlement
9
10. ο Trade policy review mechanism
ο Concern on non trade issues such as food security,
environment , Health etc
ο Reducing subsidies given to developed countries
ο Achieving low cost of production
ο Competitiveness
10
11. Salient feature of WTO
Agreement on agriculture contain provision in
the following three broad areas
1. Market access
2. Domestic subsidy / domestic support
3. Export subsidy
11
12. ο To administrate and implement the multilateral
trade agreement
ο To act as a forum for multilateral trade negotiation
ο To resolve trade dispute among members
ο To oversee national trade policies and
ο To cooperate with other international institutions
involved in Global Policy-making
12
13. Aims of WTO
οΆ Fair and market oriented trading system
οΆ Commitment on support and protection
οΆ Equitable trade reform process
οΆ Greater opportunities and terms of access to
developing countries
οΆ Concern on non trade issues such as food security,
environment, health etc
13
14. β’ Facilitate trade in international market and export
of our product.
β’ Domestic policy aimed at improving infrastructure
β’ Providing inputs at subsidized price
β’ Increase agricultural production at low cost
β’ Share of developing country in world export is 44%
β’ Agricultural raw material increased significantly
from 32% in 1994
14
15. ο Community development approach-1952.
ο National Extension Service-1953.
ο Intensive Agriculture Dist. Programme1961-62.
ο Intensive Agriculture Area Programme1964-65.
ο High Yielding Varieties Programme 1966-67.
ο Farmers Training & Education Programme 1966-67: National
Demonstrations Scheme, Small & Marginal Farmers
Development Programme 1969-70.
ο IDLAD, CADA βArea Programme.
ο IRDP, TRYSEM-Employment Oriented Scheme
15
16. ο Stagnation of yields in major crops.
ο Yield gaps in many major crops.
ο Reduced returns per kg of plant Nutrient.
ο Soil problems due to unbalanced fertilizer use,
monocropping, overuse of irrigation.
ο Plant protection problems in high value crops.
ο Generation of technologies slowed down
16
17. ο Regular training & Periodic farm visits
ο Coverage of all farmers equally
ο Exclusive Extension work
ο Strong Link with Research
ο Subject-matter Support
ο Time-bound operations
ο Single line of command
ο Unified Extension Work
ο Adherence to management principles
17
18. ο Technical focus- Limited to field crops
ο Contact Farmer Strategy
ο Stale & inadequate technology
ο Information delivery approach rather than
need based Education approach
ο Talking type of Extension
ο Top-down Communication
ο Reduced status of VEW
ο Lack of farmers participation
18
19. ο Shrinking resource base
ο Productivity begins to stagnate
ο Rainfed farming bypassed
ο Lack of support to diversification
ο New farming concerns are emerging
ο Changes in demand and consumption pattern
ο Changing farming systems
ο Declining Public investment in agriculture
ο International Developments-WTO
ο Farmers are willing to change
ο Extension system needs re-gearing
19
20. In the context of meeting the holistic
needs of increasing agricultural production,
Agril.Extension has a crucial role to play.
Reforms in the system envisage an extension
service more broad based and holistic in
content and scope, thus beyond Agril.
Technology transfer. Extension agencies,
services and workers will need to exercise a
more proactive and participatory role, serve as
knowledge agents, initiating and facilitating
mutually meaningful and equitable knowledge
based transactions among researchers, trainers
and primary producers.
20
21. ο Policy reforms
ο Institutional restructuring
ο Management reforms
ο Strengthening Research-Extension linkages
ο Capacity building and skill upgradation
ο Empowerment of farmers
ο Mainstreaming of Women in agriculture
ο Use of Media and Information Technology
ο Financial sustainability
ο Changing role of government
21
22. Replacement of old single discipline
based, commodity oriented approach by
farming systems approach. The FS approach
considers the farm , the farm household and
off-farm activities in a holistic way to take
care not only of farming but also aspects of
nutrition, food security, sustainability, risk
minimization, income and employment
generation which make up the multiple
objectives of farm households.
22
23. ο Public extension services
State government line departments extension
SAU based extension
ICAR extension (KVK, ATIC,IVLP etc.)
ο Private extension services
ο Community based organization (Farmersβ
organizations, Farmers cooperatives, SHG )
ο Para extension workers ( Contact farmers,
Mitra kisans, Mahila mitra kisans, Gopals)
ο Agri-clinics and Agribusinesses
23
24. ο Input suppliers/dealers (pesticides, Seeds,
farm implements, Nutrients ).
ο Corporate sector (Tobacco, Tea, Coffee,
Sunflower, seeds, farm implements ).
ο Mass media and Information technology
ο Print media, Radio, Television.
ο Electronic connectivity through computers,
NICNET, internet etc.
ο Farm information and advisory centres
ο Private portals, public and private
information shops
24
26. ο Public extension services should focus on
subsistence segment of farmers
ο PE to play a central role in technology
dissemination.
ο Dissemination of production management
technologies , natural resource management
technologies, soil and water management,
IPM, Agro forestry and other technologies
relating to sustainable development and
farming systems technologies.
26
27. ο There is need for a more farmer participatory
approach in working out the system description,
problem diagnosis, selecting appropriate technology,
designing the process of implementation, monitoring
and evaluation and feedback.
ο Extension agent is no longer an expert who has all
information and technical solutions
ο Extension needs new skills of negotiations, conflict
management and mobilizing and nurturing community
organizations
27
28. ο Organizing farmers into functional groups
like SHGs, Farmers interest groups,
Commodity Associations etc.
ο These FOs can provide an effective channel
for both the dissemination of technology to
large number of small and marginal farmers
and feedback to research and extension.
ο Linkage mechanisms also ensure farmer
representation in the governing bodies of
public and private extension services.
28
29. ο Public extension functionaries are presently ill
equipped to deal with marketing extension
ο Strengthening capacity of the public agency , support
private sector in marketing extension and making
extensive use of media and IT in information and
technology dissemination.
ο Marketing extension so far a peripheral issue in the
extension scenario will need to be brought centre-
stage.
ο Production will now need to be significantly dictated
by market requirements
29
30. ο A paradigm shift from top-down blanket
dissemination of technological packages, towards
providing producers with the knowledge and
understanding with which to solve their own
location specific problems.
ο Public organizations should improve their
efficiently and effectiveness in research and
technology application.
ο This call for interdisciplinary approach aiming at
location specificity of technical solution.
30
31. Discouraging the provision of subsidized agro
goods and services by public agencies in phased
manner.
Provide seeds, fertilizers, agro chemicals, animal
feed and equipment etc. on a full cost recovery
basis.
Targeted subsidies may be retained to protect the
interest of poor and vulnerable sections.
In the field of Material technology dissemination
(seeds, chemicals etc.) a competitive private sector
has developed
31
32. ο Promotion of private extension needs to be
matched by corresponding shifts in the allocation
of public resources.
ο Public funds would be made available to NGOs,
Farmers associations, Para-professionals of
private foundations for extension work.
ο An environment in which private investment in
technology generation and transfer is more
attractive will have to be created.
32
33. ο A market for private extension advice or
consultancy services will be encouraged.
ο Processors with contracted producers and
commercial suppliers of seed, agro-chemicals,
machinery, vaccines, and the like should recover
the costs of providing advice to their clients out
of profit margins.
ο The vulnerable group will need to be protected
through targeted subsidies and safety nets.
33
34. ο No one uniform extension system will serve as a
panacea to all states.
ο A menu of various models will be available to the
states to select and adapt to their own
requirements.
ο Even within states there will be a combination of
various agencies and different institutional
arrangements to address needs of differing agro-
climatic zones as will as different sections of
farmers.
34
35. ο Public extension will continue to remain central
to technology dissemination, small and marginal
farmers and economically backward regions will
need to be served by it.
ο Public extension functionaries will have to be
placed in new decentralized institutional
arrangements which are demand driven, farmer-
accountable, bottom-up and have a farming
system approach (broad based).
ο ATMA model, Single window-broad based
extension model, PRI, SAU-farmer direct contact
model.
35
36. ο Decentralized decision making to the district
level through the creation of the ATMA as a
registered society.
ο To increase farmer input into program planning
and resource allocation especially at the block
level.
ο To increase accountability to stakeholders. To
increase coordination and integration between so
that the programme thrusts can be effectively
and efficiently implemented.
36
37. ο PRA to be introduced across all system levels
(district, block, village)and across each
participating line department and research
institutions within the district.
ο SREP would be prepared for the districts based
on PRA.
ο SREP should into account the research, training
and extension requirements for production as
well as marketing activities.
37
38. ο Multidisciplinary team would be assigned to organize
and implement extension programs within the block.
ο BTC would result in the function integration of
extension within the block and become the
operational arm of the ATMA.
ο A common meeting point for line departments to
prepare integrated work plan.
ο BTC is responsible for operationalizing the SREP in
each block
38
39. ο The field extension staff would be restructured and
upgraded to create a professional cadre of Farm
Advisors.
ο Abolition of Village Extension Worker cadre.
ο Providing in-service training in planning, diagnostic
and technical skills.
ο Upgraded farm advisors are expected to formulate ,
plan and execute different programmes and
formulate location specific recommendations.
39
40. ο Formation and mobilization of Farmer interest
groups, Farmers cooperatives and SHGs will be
encouraged through NGOs.
ο Group approach will help to replace the top
down approach with bottom up approach in TOT.
ο This would lead to a farmer-extension worker
participatory process with emphasis on problem
solving rather than disseminating routine
messages.
40
41. ο There is need for close interaction between
farmers, Extensionists and production
systems, researchers in diagnosing the
problems together and working out location
specific recommendations.
ο The linkages not only at the state and SAU but
also at the district level, between DOA and
the SAU, Between line departments and
farmers.
41
42. ο Widening the range of extension delivery
agencies for the resource poor farmers and
those residing in the hilly, tribal and remote
areas.
ο The public extension system will have to
remain as the chief extension system.
42
43. ο ICARs extension programme should be limited to
reinforcing the research activities to make them
more demand driven and farmer centric.
ο Transfer the financial and administrative
responsibilities of KVKs to their respective state
governments.
ο Research focus on different components of
marketing.
ο Make available need based packages in line with the
changing agril. Marketing scenario
43
44. ο Central government support to state government
for extension services on the undertaking policy
and institutional reforms.
ο Funds for technology dissemination and
application would be shared between states and
central government.
ο Central government funds to be pooled at ATMA
at district level.
ο Central government assistance to SAUs for
expanded role in field extension.
44
45. ο Promotion of community base private extension
services-Mobilization of community into farmers
groups- FIGs, Fos and SHGS.
ο Promotion of NGOs based private extension
services.
ο Strength of NGO is in their ability to mobilize
communities into farmers organizations.
ο A systematic training, capacity building and
technical backstopping mechanism, supported
through public funds is to be developed for NGOs
involved in providing extension services.
45
46. ο Promotion of para-professional based private
extension.
ο Para extension workers normally supplement public
extension in a relatively cost-effective manner and
overcome constraints of absentee public extension
functionaries.
ο Providing honorarium, training and capacity building
of para extension workers.
ο Competitive Agril. Extension Grant Fund; Similar to
the competitive Agril. Research grant fund set up in
ICAR.
ο Linkage of performance with funding Public sector.
46
47. ο Promotion of direct interface between farmers
and scientists.
ο Activating existing interface mechanisms like
Regional committees of ICAR, Zonal interfaces
initiated by DAC, National level pre-kharif and
pre-rabi interface, state bi-annual meetings
between line departments and SAUs.
ο Research priority based on SREP on the basis of
PRA developed by DTCs including the scientists of
KVKs /ZRS or SAUs
47
48. ο Formulation of HRD policies by states.
ο Build and effective system of rewards and incentives
for public extension workers.
ο Formulation of effective long term training plan for
extension functionaries through skill gap analysis.
ο Upgradation of physical infrastructure of training
institutes.
ο Upgrading the state level extension management
training institutions in line with national level
institutions
48
49. ο Strengthening the role of MANAGE.
ο Developing professionalism in cost effective
manner.
ο Training institutes and SAUs to train private
extension functionaries.
ο Networking among all state level and national
training institutes to state head quarters and
MANAGE including leading NGOs.
49
50. ο Involving farmers in setting extension agenda
including planning and implementation of
extension programmes.
ο Implementation of programmes through
farmers users groups βfarmers would be able
to influence both administrative and
financial decisions.
ο Capacity building , skill upgradation and
training of farmers through active
participation of scientists and extension
personnel.
50
51. ο Gender concerns need to be mainstreamed in
the agricultural extension process.
ο Improve extension services to reach women
through extension policy reorientation, training
of men and women extension staff on womens
role in agriculture and R.D. decision making,
marketing, post harvest processing ,value
addition and market requirement.
ο Redesign the extension service to reach women
by increasing women extension workers,
developing extension methodologies.
51
52. ο Increase use of information technologies.
ο IT application in agril marketing.
ο Wider use of electronic and mass media for agricultural
extension-Local radio and new Fm transmitters; TV-
doordarshan and private cable network.
ο Farmer participation in IT programmes in developing agri.
Technology program.
ο Support to states for IT.
ο Encouraging private information shops/kiosks.
ο Development of material, capacity building, credit facilities,
electric connectivity.
52
53. ο Identify the potential of agribusiness
ο Effective transfer of knowledge based inputs
to agribusiness
ο Promoting agribusiness extension education
ο Promoting activities on value addition
ο Effective utilization of IT
ο Providing market intelligence to farmers
ο Providing consultancy on agribusiness
activities
ο Establishing effective linkage with NGO/FO
ο Training farm graduates to undertake
agribusiness enterprises
53
54. Globalization of Indian economy will have a
pronounced impact on Agriculture sector
consequently Extension has also been changing
both in concept as well as in practice in the form
of change instrument to address the changing
priorities and emerging challenges. Future
extension should address the elite category of
Indian farmers who are interested in commercial
farming as well as larger segment of resource poor
small and marginal farmers. Hence future
extension necessarily will be pluralistic to support
rural and Agricultural development.
54