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- 2. 2 Objectives • After completing this chapter, the student should be able to: – identify and describe the hand tools the plumber commonly uses. – use hand tools in a safe and appropriate manner.
- 3. 3 Plumbing Tools • Plumbing tools fall under one of two categories: – Hand tools – Power tools
- 4. 4 Hand Tools • Manually operated. • Not as expensive as power tools. • Equally important in completing a task or project. • Most employers expect a plumber to have basic hand tools when being considered for employment.
- 5. 5 New Residential Plumbers Tool List Quantity Tool 1 Retractable tape measure 1 Medium Phillips screwdriver 1 Medium slotted screwdriver 1 Multi-type screwdriver 2 10” angled jaw pliers 1 6” combination pliers 1 7” locking pliers 1 8” or 10” adjustable wrench 1 18” pipe wrench 1 24” pipe wrench 1 Smooth jaw pipe wrench 1 Basin wrench Quantity Tool 1 12” claw hammer 1 Cat’s paw nail remover 1 Allen wrench kit 1 Wood chisel kit 2 12” concrete chisel 1 5/16” nut driver 1 1/8” to 1-1/8” copper tubing cutters 1 Copper midget tubing cutters 1 Copper tubing cutter up to 2” pipe size 1 Copper flaring tool 1 Copper tubing bending tool 1 Plastic pipe saw 1 Hacksaw
- 6. 6 New Residential Plumbers Tool List (Varies Based on Employer) Quantity Description 1 Mini-hacksaw 1 Flexible tubing cutter 1 Inside PVC pipe cutter 1 Utility blade knife 2 Straight cut type aviation snips or set of three 1 Pencil 1 Magic marker 1 Carpenter’s speed square 1 Basket strainer tool or internal wrench Quantity Description 1 Torpedo type level 1 24” level 1 Torch regulator assembly 1 Torch striker 1 1/2” Flexible pipe crimping tool 1 3/4” Flexible pipe crimping tool 1 Plumb bob 1 Chalk box 1 Adjustable angle jaw pliers 1 Smooth jaw adjustable wrench 1 Pipe wrenches (18” or 24”)
- 7. 7 Levels • A level is one of the most important tools in a plumber’s toolbox. • A level has tubes partially filled with colored liquid leaving a trapped air bubble. • Some levels have a dimensional feature that can be used for measuring distances.
- 8. 8 Levels
- 9. 9 Tape Measures • There are numerous makes and models of tape measures. • They vary in blade width and length. • The retractable type with a pocket clip is the most common.
- 10. 10 Tape Measures
- 11. 11 Squares • The framing square is a tool for laying out angles. • It has two edges that form a 90 angle.
- 12. 12 Squares
- 13. 13 Screwdrivers • Screwdrivers are available in many lengths and shank diameters. • Phillips and slotted head types are two used by plumbers.
- 14. 14 Screwdrivers
- 15. 15 Pliers • Pliers are available in various styles. • The most common type has angled and grooved jaws. • Most pliers used in the plumbing trade have cushion grip handles.
- 16. 16 Pliers
- 17. 17 Adjustable Wrenches • Adjustable wrenches are available in various sizes. • Some have a cushioned grip. • Their jaw opening is adjustable and smooth.
- 19. 19 Pipe Wrenches • Pipe wrenches have grooved jaws designed to provide grip for working with metal piping systems. • The two most common sizes are 18” and 24”. • All pipe wrenches have an adjustment range for various pipe or fitting sizes.
- 20. 20 Pipe Wrenches
- 21. 21 Hammers • Numerous hammer types are available with different heads, claws, and weights. • For a plumber, the type of claw is the most important factor regarding the selection of a hammer.
- 22. 22 Hammers
- 23. 23 Plastic Pipe Saw • Can be used to cut both ABS and PVC pipe. • Available in short and long blade styles. • Their cutting teeth are closer together than a wood-cutting saw and farther apart than a metal-cutting saw.
- 25. 25 Plastic Pipe Cutter • Various designs available. • Range in pricing and size.
- 27. 27 Metal-Cutting Saw • This versatile tool is designed to cut through metal. • Numerous blade types are available with various numbers of teeth per inch.
- 29. 29 Wallboard Saws • Two types commonly used are the compass saw and the wallboard saw. – A compass saw is designed to cut circular holes, but is capable of making square cuts – The wallboard saw is shorter and more rigid than the compass saw
- 31. 31 Aviation Snips • The most common are offered in three different styles that cut in three different directions – straight, left, and right. • Their cushioned grip handles are color- coded, indicating their direction of cut.
- 33. 33 Knives • Commonly used for cutting wallboard, boxes, or tape
- 34. 34 Knives
- 35. 35 Chisels • Wood chisels are typically used for notching and splitting pieces of wood boards. • Chisels used for chipping concrete have a blunter cutting edge than wood chisels and are called cold chisels.
- 36. 36 Chisels
- 37. 37 Basin Wrench • Has a spring-loaded swivel head. • Used to install and remove securing nuts of a faucet and water supply connections in confined spaces.
- 38. 38 Basin Wrench
- 39. 39 Basket Strainer Tools • Strainer forks are used for strainers and tub drains. • An internal wrench is a multi-purpose tool that allows an installer to tighten or remove parts to a plumbing fixture. – The internal wrench has a range from 1” to 2” internal use.
- 41. 41 Copper Pipe Cutters (Tubing Cutters) • Copper cutters use metal rollers and a cutting wheel to rotate around the pipe as a manual handle is turned clockwise to advance the cutting wheel through the pipe.
- 42. 42 Copper Pipe Cutters (Tubing Cutters)
- 43. 43 Copper Flaring Tool • A flaring tool flares the end of soft copper tubing, creating a 45-degree angle to mate with a compatible brass flared fitting.
- 45. 45 Copper Tubing Bender • A copper tubing bender is used to create bends in copper tube. • It is useful for tight spaces and for achieving a professional appearance.
- 47. 47 Torch Regulator Assembly • A typical torch assembly consists of: – A regulator that controls the amount of flammable gas to be ignited – A torch-tip with an orifice specifically designed for the type of gas and the specific torch assembly
- 49. 49 Flexible Pipe Crimping Tool • Offered in several sizes. • Most commonly used are for 1/2” and 3/4” pipe. • A dual-size tool and a compact version for 1/2” and 3/4” pipe sizes available. • Requires calibration to ensure an adequate crimp is achieved. • A crimp gauge is sold with each tool.
- 50. 50 Flexible Pipe Crimping Tool
- 51. 51 Plumb Bob • Provides an accurate method of establishing a vertical point of reference to a lower work area from an upper work area.
- 52. 52 Plumb Bob
- 53. 53 Chalk Box • Houses string (called a chalk line) and chalk powder. • Used to mark a straight line for layout or to cut plywood boards.
- 54. 54 Chalk Box
- 55. 55 Torque Wrench • Used to tighten clamps used in installing cast iron pipe and for rubber transition connectors for dissimilar piping. • Has a 5/16” socket end.
- 56. 56 Torque Wrench
- 57. 57 Personal Safety Equipment • Recommended personal protection equipment: – Eye protection – Face protection – Hand protection – Knee protection – Foot protection – Inhalation protection – First aid kit – Head protection
- 58. 58 Summary • Hand tools are required to install various aspects of a plumbing system. • A plumber may be responsible for purchasing hand tools. • Specialty hand tools are required more for repair than for new installation work. • Everyone on a job site is responsible for safety.
- 59. 59 Summary • Personal protection equipment (PPE) is usually provided by an employer. • Material safety data sheet (MSDS) lists all safety hazards and medical attention requirements for a specific product. • MSDS must be available for all products and kept on file on the jobsite.