PLS 2016: Practical implementation of circadian lighting in office environments
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This is aimed at lighting design professionals and is an open call for a wider discussion on better ways to deliver circadian lighting schemes which are put into reality by teams including independent lighting designers. Talk by Inessa Demidova, Lighting Designer, Arup
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PLS 2016: Practical implementation of circadian lighting in office environments
- 1. Practical Implementation of Circadian Lighting Inessa Demidova Lighting Designer, Arup
- 2. Brainard, G. C., et al. (2001). "Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor." Thapan, K., et al. (2001). "An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans." Berson, D. M., et al. (2002). "Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock."
- 6. How do we consider it?
- 7. What can be improved in the way lighting designers work on schemes with circadian lighting?
- 9. What is circadian lighting? “An artificial lighting system which is designed to influence human circadian rhythms by changing the qualities of light throughout the day”
- 11. Ian Ashdown
- 12. Yassine Mrabet
- 14. Yassine Mrabet
- 15. DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 Biologically effective illumination - Design guidelines
- 17. DIN SPEC 67600:2013-04 Biologically effective illumination - Design guidelines
- 22. Proposals
- 23. Daylight
- 24. Control strategy
- 26. Hey, what’s your CRI R9? And circadian light (CLA), circadian stimulus (CS), melanopic lux, please?
- 30. Conclusions
- 31. Can circadian lighting fix this office?
- 32. New research New standards New products = Happier people
Editor's Notes
- Hello
- The discovery of a new type of receptior called ipRGC in the eye regulates our internal body clocks about 15 years ago has provided a massive push in the amount of research undertaken to understand the exact role of our visual system in regulating our body rhythms. This is a big and exciting topic but this is not what I am going to talk about. Chronobiology - George Brainard, NASA - Kavita Thapan, Uni of Surrey - Lucas and Al Enezi, from University of Manchester – David Berson Brown Uni - Russel Foster team from Oxford University among various others.
- I am not a scientist, I am a designer. I come from a different mindset where I work with spaces and I work for the people in these spaces. I would like to talk about how these new discoveries and subsequent developments in the field of lighting affect the process of lighting design.
- We spend 90% of our time indoors but we still intrinsically connected to nature. In evolutionary terms humans have spent most of our time on Earth feeling fresh air, surrounded by plants and with a view of the sky. Quite different from spending days under 600x600 recessed panels, so of course there is a need for change.
- New exciting feature to stand out tasks, aesthetics, warrantly, build quality, coordination, timeframe, standards, controls, CRI, energy consumption, maintenance
- My research question and research methods. Circadian lighting presenting possible complication
- I approached this question from three different sides. Observe how inclusion of circadian component affects a lighting scheme. Interview a long list of people including lighting designers, lighting equipment manufacturers and scientists.
- Tuneable white, tuneable light, biologically active lighting, human-centric lighting, circadian lighting? Too many words with no clear definition. “an artificial lighting system which is designed to influence human circadian rhythms by changing the qualities of light throughout the day”.
- Light is incredibly varied – Edwin Smida - Illuminance, Luminance, CRI, CCT, Colour, Contrast, Direction, pattern of light, Combination of light sources, reflections, dispersion, Quality of Air, Dynamic, Can we really claim emulating it just by adjusting CCT and brightness? Our reaction to light is much more complex than ipRGC reacting to the saturation of 480nm wavelength coming from a light source. Physiological vs psychological.
- Circadian lighting metrics do not correspond to lighting design metrics available from lighting equipment manufacturers. Report on the First International Workshop on Circadian and Neurophysiological Photometry published by CIE, non-visual responses to light require adaptation illuminance (unit: lux) and correlated colour temperature (CCT) (unit: kelvin) relate to photopic vision. Furthermore, it is suggested that lighting used in previous laboratory and application studies might not have been sufficiently adapted to the non-visual reception system which in turn, might have led to considerably higher lighting levels and higher energy consumption than necessary.
- The teams who are responsible for creating office environments rarely ever include consultants on human biology or even environmental psychologists. Lighting design consultants have a wealth of knowledge in the field of light and lighting, but this area touches realms of human biology which does not necessary overlap with our field of expertise.
- An certain red-coloured Italian manufacturer’s brochure on biologically active lighting cover from 2011
- For example, it is particularly unclear how circadian lighting models should cater for individual differences in circadian phases – in a single office floor the wake/sleep cycle can vary significantly depending on an employee’s age, lifestyle, commute pattern etc.
- An overall concept of creating comfortable workplaces, following the circadian models offered by researchers, may not work so well with other aspects of wellbeing in space.
- An overall concept of creating comfortable workplaces, following the circadian models offered by researchers, may not work so well with other aspects of wellbeing in space.
- Include DIN here. An overall concept of creating comfortable workplaces, following the circadian models offered by researchers, may not work so well with other aspects of wellbeing in space. For example, rooms with aluminium panelling and very cool, nearly blue 17000K light showed the highest level of raising self-reported alertness [10, 11]. However, this doesn’t mean these spaces would be most enjoyed by people and feel comfortable and one can imagine such an approach would not be welcomed by architects and interior designers in the team. An interior designer I have interviewed over email has experience that some lighting modes in tuneable white systems “can look visually weird and then impact negatively on aesthetics and so wellbeing”.
- Cool lighting out of context of daylight would not be welcomed by architects and interior designers in the team. Elina - some lighting modes in tuneable white systems “can look visually weird and then impact negatively on aesthetics and so wellbeing”.
- However, what is good for circadian lighting isn’t necessary good for overall design for wellbeing concept.
- Lighting designers cannot always use the same lighting toolset. Despite a growing number of companies taking up on the subject and offering solutions with tuneable correlated colour temperature (CCT) light sources, finding a particular type of luminaire has proven to be an issue. Three main complications were: Lack of good optical performance wallwasher i.e. a downlight with asymmetrical light distribution which would direct light to vertical surfaces. Close-offset linear grazing equipment. Due to the nature of individual LEDs being close to a surface which needs to be lit, proper mixing of colours has proven to be a difficult task to achieve. Narrow-beam downlight with soft round edges.
- We have tested an option of using two sets of equipment with different CCT to achieve the colour mixing but the tests show fringing of colour when the light sources are too far apart and the potential doubling up on equipment could be an issue for overall costs of installation.
- We spend 90% of our time indoors but we still intrinsically connected to nature. In evolutionary terms humans have spent most of our time on Earth feeling fresh air, surrounded by plants and with a view of the sky. And the daylight is not your 600x600 recessed panels, so of course we want to fix that.
- Here is a dangerous idea. Daylight assessment is a standard procedure and can be utilized even more to outline the scope of areas where circadian lighting is needed.
- Start with a daylight assessment Control strategy with a circadian lighting in mind early on Specific luminaire parameters and the scope Remember traditional lighting design principles e.g. lighting verticals Switch lighting type at night Trials and post-occupancy visits to be fed back into the research community
- Good quality lighting fit for the task. Lighting for the right place at the right time. Paying attention to vertical illumination Switching accent throughout the day. Valuable contribution to the concept. the light amount and spectrum, the timing, modulation and duration of exposure as well as accumulated qualities of light received prior to that by an individual. It is worth noting that this applies to light incident to an individual’s eye as opposed to lighting reaching a task surface. The research shows that areas of the upper part of the retina are more effective in suppressing melatonin in humans The CIE report [9] provides a general recommendation to maximise the lighting area, while keeping luminance levels low in order to avoid glare effects. Indirect lighting is suggested for this but this is not prescriptive and is open to interpretation The transition from daytime active phase to evening, aimed at gradual relaxation and preparation for a better night’s sleep, should take into account not just change in colour temperature but overall brightness of the environment. Unlike during the daytime hours, big bright lit surfaces would not be advisable for stimulating the right body reaction. Typical recommendations of general lighting being supplemented by task lighting (e.g. desk lights or freestanding lamps) in warm colour temperature and, preferably, spectral distribution suited for deactivation phase fits well for that purpose. This approach is already widely advised in contemporary lighting design and has been a topic for discussion within our office as well as in email correspondence with other lighting designers
- Cost, luminous flux, CRI, URG, lamp life, LOR, CCT don’t represent the circadian effect the luminaire can have. New metrics should be developed and be readily available.
- Standartisation or at least thought through compatibility. More complicated commissioning
- Trials and post-occupancy visits to be fed back into the research community
- We typically only spend around 1/3 of our time at work on weekdays. Lighting awareness 24/7 Shouldn’t our entire environment follow this cycle?
- We spend 90% of our time indoors but we still intrinsically connected to nature. In evolutionary terms humans have spent most of our time on Earth feeling fresh air, surrounded by plants and with a view of the sky. And the daylight is not your 600x600 recessed panels, so of course we want to fix that.
- Quality light sources with good colour rendering, appropriate distribution, flicker free. Circadian lighting is just a part of overall approach of designing spaces for optimal health and wellbeing.
- During my interviews it became apparent that conferences such as BioWi in Germany which focus on the latest developments in biologically active and circadian lighting attract surprisingly low numbers of lighting designers, which suggests that the connection between the researchers and practitioners can be improved in both directions. The lighting design industry has accumulated a wealth of knowledge on specifics of human perception in design and architecture research fields, not just psychology and biology, but is often overlooked outside of the narrow field we specialise in. On the other hand, working together with researchers we can gain first-hand knowledge as well as develop a common language between research and applications. More research in real condition and on humans, solid concepts we can confidently prescribe for our environments With a growing body of knowledge and technological advances within the lighting industry we should not miss the opportunity to create innovative and beautiful environments that have more positive effect on people’s lives. This provides us with both a challenge and an opportunity to expand the role of lighting designer within architecture
- More questions than answers I hope my research has added a new perspective on the topic of circadian lighting in offices and will lead to a wider involvement of lighting designers in this discussion.