Plegable proteins
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This document summarizes key points about proteins including their structure, function, importance in medicine, and a discovery about a 21st amino acid. It discusses how exploring protein structure in 3D allows understanding of how proteins work as channels or what gives them certain properties. Blocking specific proteins could prevent diseases by stopping interactions or denaturing proteins. The discovery of an additional amino acid called selenocysteine provides insights into genetic sequencing and protein biosynthesis.
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The document discusses two studies related to protein synthesis and cancer. The first study developed a new method to selectively silence genes encoding proteins to determine their function in tumor cells. The second study identified the protein components responsible for inserting membrane proteins, resolving a mechanism that was previously unknown. Understanding protein functions and interactions is important for gaining insights into the origins of cancer and developing prevention and treatment strategies.
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This study aimed to identify nucleolar proteins that are differentially expressed in various leukemia cell lines. The researchers isolated nucleoli from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), pre-B ALL and pre-T ALL cell lines. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) identified proteins with different expression levels between cell lines. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed prohibitin (PHB) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) were more strongly expressed in some cell line nucleoli. The results demonstrate differences in nucleolar protein composition between leukemia subtypes that could be used to identify them.
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1) Mutations can affect gene expression and the amino acid sequence of proteins. Specialization of cells is usually due to differences in gene expression, not genes.
2) Genetic engineering is used to produce novel products by inserting exogenous DNA into bacterial cells to alter their genetics and express new proteins.
3) The immune system defenses against infection include phagocytes, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, antibodies, vaccination, and the skin. Differences between bacterial and viral infections are also noted.
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Session I: Predicting the activity of geroprotective drugs: in-silico screening, omics data analysis and rational drug design
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Plegable biología molecular
Two scientific studies focused on understanding the "control code" of DNA replication and RNA transcription in order to learn more about human diseases like cancer and autism. The studies revealed that RNA transcription, like DNA replication, is regulated by proteins. One study identified the RBFOX1 protein, which ensures activity of important brain genes, is turned off in autism patients. The other study found that inositol phosphates regulate histone deacetylases, enzymes that control DNA replication by packaging DNA tightly and switching genes off. Understanding these protein interactions that control genetic expression could enable new treatments for misunderstood diseases.
Plegable biología molecular
Two studies investigated the "control code" of DNA replication and RNA transcription to better understand diseases like cancer and autism. One study found that RNA transcription is regulated by proteins similar to how DNA replication is regulated. The other study discovered that inositol phosphates regulate genome expression by controlling enzymes that switch genes on and off. Understanding how proteins control replication and transcription could help develop new treatments for diseases caused by defects in the genetic control code.
PLEGABLE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR 2012
1. Researchers have developed a new method for more efficiently labeling proteins that is faster, higher yielding, and less disruptive to protein and cell function than current methods.
2. They engineered mammalian cells to incorporate an artificial chemical handle that allows a small fluorescent molecule to rapidly and stably attach to proteins of interest, enabling new types of cell biological studies.
3. Understanding protein interactions with nanomaterials at the nanoscale is important for controlling their function in applications like biosensing and tissue engineering, and for developing new composite materials.
Proteins: structure and functions
Proteins are macromolecules formed from amino acid chains that perform many important cellular functions. There are over 20,000 proteins encoded in the human genome, each with a unique sequence that determines its structure and function. A project aims to map all the proteins encoded on chromosome 19, as some proteins linked to prostate cancer are controlled by this chromosome. Understanding protein structure is crucial for analyzing their roles in cells and developing new technologies and treatments for diseases like cancer. Minor changes in a protein's amino acid sequence or folding can have major medical consequences.
Eukaryotic RNA processing: alternative RNA splicing
Alternative splicing is a process by which cells produce multiple protein isoforms from individual genes. Understanding the functions and interactions of alternatively spliced protein isoforms is important for understanding disease. A new study found that two proteins, PRMT1 and RBM15, regulate the differentiation of megakaryocytes, blood cells involved in platelet production, through alternative splicing. Mutations in these proteins have been linked to blood cancers. Further research on alternative splicing may help identify new disease targets and therapies.
Proteins & cell cycle ppt
This document discusses research findings about the roles of two proteins in the cell cycle regulation process. It was found that the JNK protein, long known to help cells respond to stress, also controls the cell cycle. Additionally, the histone H1 protein, typically viewed as stabilizing chromatin structure, was found to be phosphorylated in a way that is associated with changes in gene activity. These new discoveries about additional functions of proteins in the cell cycle could help direct future research towards preventing diseases like cancer.
Genetic translation and the proteins.
The document discusses genetic translation and protein synthesis. It describes how proteins have various functions to maintain balance in the body, and how chaperone proteins assist in protein folding and maturation. It then discusses how modifications to the RUNX3 protein may promote cancer progression by stimulating cell division. Researchers identified a molecule that phosphorylates RUNX3, inhibiting its function. Discoveries around protein functions and modifications can help researchers develop cancer therapies and understand disease development.
Folding.cielo
The document summarizes several research articles on gene transcription and regulation. It discusses a study that described a gene network regulated by the splicing factor NOVA1 during vertebrate brain development. It also outlines research on the mechanisms that generate chromosomal breaks in bacteria like E. coli during collisions between DNA replication and transcription. Understanding these mechanisms is important for treating infectious diseases and explaining some human genetic diseases. The realization of these investigations leads to advances in disease diagnosis, explanation, and prevention.
Biochemistry dept news letter _sept_11
This document is a newsletter from the Department of Biochemistry at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences. It includes articles on various topics in biochemistry and its relationship to medicine. The editor provides a greeting and discusses how biochemistry illuminates disease processes and therapeutic interventions. Other articles discuss new information on microRNAs and their role in disease, advances in clinical laboratory science at the institute, selenocysteine and its importance in enzymes and cancer prevention, and fun puzzles related to biochemistry. The newsletter aims to share contemporary biochemistry information with readers.
Biochemistry dept news letter _sept_11
This document is a newsletter from the Department of Biochemistry at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences. It includes articles on various topics in biochemistry and its relationship to medicine. The editor provides a greeting and discusses how biochemistry illuminates medicine and vice versa. Other articles discuss new information on microRNAs and their role in disease, laboratory medicine at the institute, selenocysteine and its functions, and fun puzzles related to biochemistry. The newsletter aims to share contemporary biochemistry information with readers.
PROTEINS
Nowadays there are many investigations based on how proteins work in specific cells, for example, in our heart and brain, helping us to understand their essential function and their importance in life maintenance.
NEWS:
- New research pinpoints crucial protein that keeps heart beating on time (February 20, 2015)
- Study sheds light on a 'guardian' protein of brain function (February 23, 2015)
plegable biología
The document discusses recent findings about RNA structure and function. It summarizes that scientists have found that unlike previous beliefs, single strands of RNA do not form knots in their structure but rather take on geometric configurations. This facilitates protein synthesis and faithful reproduction of genetic information. The document also discusses how RNA itself can proofread during translation to detect mistakes and signal to enzymes to fix or discard errors, demonstrating an auto-regulation system. Understanding RNA and its role is important for medicine to better understand cellular processes and identify solutions to diseases involving protein synthesis and translation errors.
RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIV...
This document summarizes several research studies on genetics and the human genome. It discusses how genome research allows for understanding of genetic backgrounds and disease susceptibility. One study identified that activating the NOTCH and AKT genes can trigger cholangiocarcinoma by reprogramming mature liver cells into bile duct cells. Researchers are exploring gene therapy and antibody treatments targeting these genes to treat cholangiocarcinoma. While much remains to be learned, these studies provide insights into cancer development and new therapeutic approaches.
RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIV...
This document summarizes several research studies on genetics and the human genome. It discusses how genome research allows for understanding of genetic backgrounds and disease susceptibility. One study identified that activating the NOTCH and AKT genes can trigger cholangiocarcinoma by reprogramming mature liver cells into bile duct cells. Researchers are exploring gene therapy and antibody treatments to target these disease-causing genes. While much remains to be learned, studies of the genome are providing insights into disease development and new treatment approaches.
RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIV...
This document summarizes several research studies on genetics and the human genome. It discusses how genome research allows for understanding of genetic backgrounds and disease susceptibility. One study identified that activating the NOTCH and AKT genes can trigger cholangiocarcinoma by reprogramming mature liver cells into bile duct cells. Researchers are exploring gene therapy and antibody treatments to target these disease-causing genes. While much remains to be learned, this research enhances understanding of cancer development and provides potential avenues for new therapies.
RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIV...
This document summarizes key findings from recent research on the human genome and cholangiocarcinoma. The research identified that activating the NOTCH and AKT genes can cause liver cells to transform into cholangiocarcinoma cancer cells. While it was previously believed that only stem cells could change cell types, this research showed that mature liver cells can be reprogrammed to become another cell type. Understanding the molecular origins of this disease may help develop new antibody therapies to treat cholangiocarcinoma. Overall, the study provides important insights into how cancers can develop and highlights the medical utility of genome research.
New Insight Into the Human Genome Through the Lens of Evolution and decode M...
New Insight Into the Human Genome Through the Lens of Evolution and decode M...Christian Sanchez Valencia
DNA contains the genetic blueprint for human life. It can be used to diagnose diseases by comparing DNA sequences between past and present humans. DNA is transcribed into RNA, some of which encodes proteins and some that performs regulatory functions by determining gene expression. Scientists have discovered that up to 30% of human DNA is conserved at the RNA structure level through a process called transcription. Understanding how RNA is regulated through interactions with proteins and sequences is important for identifying patterns involved in diseases and their treatment.Biology, medicine tool
Biology and medicine have a close relationship where biology serves as an important tool for medicine. Studies on cellular metabolism and the role of proteins in cell division have helped further our understanding of diseases from the beginning. Research on a single protein that controls genetic networks essential for sperm development found that without this protein, sperm development is abnormal. A separate study on mitochondrial diseases found they are becoming more frequent and costly to healthcare systems, highlighting the need for improved prevention and treatment strategies. Advances in understanding basic biological mechanisms allow for more effective diagnosis and management of illnesses.
Proteinas
Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acid monomers that perform essential functions in cells. Misfolded proteins can aggregate, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular chaperones assist protein folding, and may prevent aggregation. Studying protein aggregation provides information to understand diseases where aggregation plays a role, such as identifying chromosome 19 proteins related to cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Mapping human proteins informs drug development by identifying disease-related protein targets.
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Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Plegable proteins
- 1. PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND IMPORTANCE IN MEDICINE Pablo Andrés Lara Portacio – UPB Medellin Molecular Biology – Medicine School – Third Semester
- 5. This news report is about the development of a computer software that allows the exploration of the protein structure in three dimensions, allowing rotation and structure examination
- 6. When you explore the protein in three dimensions, you are able to see why the protein works as a channel, or maybe which aminoacid gives a determinated property
- 7. Discovering how to neutralize specific proteins, a disease could be disallowed to get expressed in a patient, for example a toxin created by an microorganism infection in a human.
- 8. Studying the proteins structures, allow scientist to discover how to block interactions between certain proteins, how to block a protein from working as a channel, and how to correctly denaturalize this molecules.
- 9. I personally believe that protein blocking and structure correct identification is the future in medicine, becuase treatment will be less and less invasive, and they will only alterate proteins structures, aminoacid sequences, etc, and with this, medics will be able to block a protein harmful action PERSONAL OPINION
- 10. This news report is about the discovery of a 21st aminoacid, because science community has only 20 known aminoacids which form all the living organisms proteins.
- 11. The selenocysteine is key molecule to the full understanding of genetic alphabet. It also serves for understanding of several proteins
- 12. As we can see with this comparative picture, there are several atomic changes in the structure, where a Selenium atom is added to the molecule. Selenium is an atomic element, from the periodic table, and not very common in living organisms
- 13. A very interesting characteristic of the biosynthesis of selenocysteine is that, it is accompanied by a RNAt that is specific to selenocysteine. This RNAt blocks the STOP codons, so the sequence doesn’t stop adequately, and selenocysteine can be added to the chain
- 20. THANKS FOR TAKING THE TIME TO READ IT