Presentación plegable molecular
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The document discusses two studies: 1) A study that discovered a protein called Nova 1 that modulates gene expression involved in nervous system formation and structure, providing new insights into vertebrate brain evolution. 2) A study that found a link between obesity and insulin resistance, discovering that RNA splicing proteins are decreased in obese individuals, altering gene expression and predisposing them to insulin resistance and potential diabetes. The studies advance understanding of gene regulation and splicing in health and disease.
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molecular buzz!
The document discusses several topics related to proteins:
1) Proteins are essential to life and their malfunctions can cause disease, so medicine and biology research focuses on understanding and preventing protein failures.
2) Cancer occurs when cell regulation mechanisms controlled by proteins and enzymes are mutated, so designing certain proteins could allow controlling mutated expressions like in cancer.
3) Chaperone proteins help transport and insert newly synthesized proteins, including tail-anchored membrane proteins, to their correct destinations.
Alzforum print news
1) A peptide called FGL enhances learning and memory in rodents by stimulating the delivery of glutamate receptors to synapses, strengthening synaptic transmission. This effect is mediated through the activation of protein kinase C.
2) FGL treatment heightens the induction of long-term potentiation in response to synaptic activity, improving the encoding of information.
3) FGL is poised to begin clinical trials this year for Alzheimer's disease, as prior studies show it improves memory and reduces neuropathology in rodent models of AD.
Mitochondrial dysfunctional activity and the relationship with parkinson(2)
The document discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). It describes how mitochondrial complex I dysfunction can lead to increased expression of the p53 protein, resulting in unnecessary apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Research using post-mortem tissues, in vitro, and in vivo models provides evidence that neurotoxins which damage complex I can induce PD by increasing mutated p53 levels and apoptotic cell death. Dysfunction of complexes I and III are seen in early and untreated PD patients. Calcium signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria also plays a role in mitochondrial-induced apoptosis. Deletion of mitochondrial DNA is not directly linked to PD pathogenesis.
Annotated bibliography endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interplay media...
The first document discusses how endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons may be related to Parkinson's disease. The researchers found that calcium acts as a mediator between the ER and mitochondria, triggering signaling cascades that lead to apoptosis. They provided evidence that increased neurotoxins like MPP+ decrease mitochondrial activity and induce apoptosis.
The second document examines the relationship between the mitochondrial 4977b common deletion and Parkinson's disease. While this deletion was previously linked to Parkinson's and related movement disorders, the researchers sought to determine whether it was caused by aging or Parkinson's itself. Their study found no connection between Parkinson's disease and this mitochondrial deletion, nor did aging combined with Parkinson's cause the deletion
SACNAS poster_007
1) The study characterized synaptic functions of Extended Synaptotagmins (Esyt) mutants in Drosophila by analyzing the neuromuscular junction. In Esyt mutants, active zone density, mEPSP frequency, and mEPSP amplitudes increased, while quantal content decreased, indicating a presynaptic response.
2) Despite Esyt's role in calcium-dependent lipid transfer, mutants showed normal basal synaptic function and no changes in homeostasis.
3) Live imaging will further examine ER localization in Esyt mutants and calcium regulation of lipid exchange to help coordinate neurotransmission.
Summary of Project
The document summarizes a project studying the Unfolded Protein Response pathway mediated by the protein Ire1. The project aimed to understand how Ire1 senses misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and how this affects its dimerization. The author generated deletion constructs of Ire1's ER luminal domain and found that deleting a 60 amino acid region abrogated the formation of Ire1 puncta under ER stress, while a single amino acid mutation increased puncta formation. This provided initial evidence that the deleted region binds misfolded proteins and is involved in puncta formation during the UPR. Skills learned included cloning techniques, cell culture, immunofluorescence microscopy, and molecular biology techniques.
Diapositivas seminario biomol
Microglia-Derived ExosomalmicroRNA-151-3p enhances functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury by attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating the p53/p21/ CDK1 Signaling Pathway
2014 BDSRA Palmer CLN 5 and CLN 6
The Batten Animal Research Network (BARN) is an international collaboration between research groups studying animal models of Batten disease. The groups share resources like cell cultures and animal models, exchange students, visit each other, and plan research together. BARN has developed measures of disease progression in sheep models to test potential drug and gene therapies. Recent work includes developing neuronal cultures from sheep models to study early disease stages, identifying mutations that cause two forms of CLN6 disease and CLN5 disease, and analyzing the neuroinflammatory response over time. Gene therapy trials using AAV vectors are underway in CLN5 and CLN6 sheep models.
Recommended
molecular buzz!
The document discusses several topics related to proteins:
1) Proteins are essential to life and their malfunctions can cause disease, so medicine and biology research focuses on understanding and preventing protein failures.
2) Cancer occurs when cell regulation mechanisms controlled by proteins and enzymes are mutated, so designing certain proteins could allow controlling mutated expressions like in cancer.
3) Chaperone proteins help transport and insert newly synthesized proteins, including tail-anchored membrane proteins, to their correct destinations.
Alzforum print news
1) A peptide called FGL enhances learning and memory in rodents by stimulating the delivery of glutamate receptors to synapses, strengthening synaptic transmission. This effect is mediated through the activation of protein kinase C.
2) FGL treatment heightens the induction of long-term potentiation in response to synaptic activity, improving the encoding of information.
3) FGL is poised to begin clinical trials this year for Alzheimer's disease, as prior studies show it improves memory and reduces neuropathology in rodent models of AD.
Mitochondrial dysfunctional activity and the relationship with parkinson(2)
The document discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). It describes how mitochondrial complex I dysfunction can lead to increased expression of the p53 protein, resulting in unnecessary apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Research using post-mortem tissues, in vitro, and in vivo models provides evidence that neurotoxins which damage complex I can induce PD by increasing mutated p53 levels and apoptotic cell death. Dysfunction of complexes I and III are seen in early and untreated PD patients. Calcium signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria also plays a role in mitochondrial-induced apoptosis. Deletion of mitochondrial DNA is not directly linked to PD pathogenesis.
Annotated bibliography endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interplay media...
The first document discusses how endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons may be related to Parkinson's disease. The researchers found that calcium acts as a mediator between the ER and mitochondria, triggering signaling cascades that lead to apoptosis. They provided evidence that increased neurotoxins like MPP+ decrease mitochondrial activity and induce apoptosis.
The second document examines the relationship between the mitochondrial 4977b common deletion and Parkinson's disease. While this deletion was previously linked to Parkinson's and related movement disorders, the researchers sought to determine whether it was caused by aging or Parkinson's itself. Their study found no connection between Parkinson's disease and this mitochondrial deletion, nor did aging combined with Parkinson's cause the deletion
SACNAS poster_007
1) The study characterized synaptic functions of Extended Synaptotagmins (Esyt) mutants in Drosophila by analyzing the neuromuscular junction. In Esyt mutants, active zone density, mEPSP frequency, and mEPSP amplitudes increased, while quantal content decreased, indicating a presynaptic response.
2) Despite Esyt's role in calcium-dependent lipid transfer, mutants showed normal basal synaptic function and no changes in homeostasis.
3) Live imaging will further examine ER localization in Esyt mutants and calcium regulation of lipid exchange to help coordinate neurotransmission.
Summary of Project
The document summarizes a project studying the Unfolded Protein Response pathway mediated by the protein Ire1. The project aimed to understand how Ire1 senses misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and how this affects its dimerization. The author generated deletion constructs of Ire1's ER luminal domain and found that deleting a 60 amino acid region abrogated the formation of Ire1 puncta under ER stress, while a single amino acid mutation increased puncta formation. This provided initial evidence that the deleted region binds misfolded proteins and is involved in puncta formation during the UPR. Skills learned included cloning techniques, cell culture, immunofluorescence microscopy, and molecular biology techniques.
Diapositivas seminario biomol
Microglia-Derived ExosomalmicroRNA-151-3p enhances functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury by attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating the p53/p21/ CDK1 Signaling Pathway
2014 BDSRA Palmer CLN 5 and CLN 6
The Batten Animal Research Network (BARN) is an international collaboration between research groups studying animal models of Batten disease. The groups share resources like cell cultures and animal models, exchange students, visit each other, and plan research together. BARN has developed measures of disease progression in sheep models to test potential drug and gene therapies. Recent work includes developing neuronal cultures from sheep models to study early disease stages, identifying mutations that cause two forms of CLN6 disease and CLN5 disease, and analyzing the neuroinflammatory response over time. Gene therapy trials using AAV vectors are underway in CLN5 and CLN6 sheep models.
PathoConceptMAP
This concept map summarizes the relationships between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. It shows that obesity can lead to increased visceral adipose tissue and inflammation. This causes insulin resistance by interfering with insulin receptor sites and decreasing sensitivity. Insulin resistance then leads to hyperglycemia and increased demands on pancreatic beta cells for insulin synthesis. Over time, this causes beta cell dysfunction and decreased insulin production, resulting in a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Genetic factors can also influence obesity and diabetes risk. The concept map links these concepts and shows their relationships through physiological pathways.
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin production or insulin action. There are two main types - type 1 is caused by lack of insulin and type 2 is caused by insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery. Diagnosis involves fasting plasma glucose tests or oral glucose tolerance tests. Emergencies can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, or hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Mellitus The Silent Epidemic Philipino Nurses Association 041815
Diabetes Mellitus The Silent Epidemic Philipino Nurses Association 041815Valentine J. Burroughs, MD, MBA, CHCQM
This document discusses diabetes mellitus and provides information on its pathophysiology and management. It notes that diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and can be caused by either a lack of insulin production or insulin resistance. Type 1 diabetes results from insulin deficiency while type 2 involves both insulin deficiency and resistance. Gestational diabetes involves hyperglycemia during pregnancy and increases risks for both mother and child. The document summarizes diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for different types of diabetes.ueda2012 insulin resistance idf-d.emad
The document discusses insulin resistance (IR) from various perspectives. It begins by explaining the importance of understanding IR as a measurable parameter that can provide insights into various conditions. It then covers topics such as assessing IR, the epidemiology of IR, the role of IR in type 1 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and other issues. The document emphasizes that IR underlies many common health problems and that measuring and managing IR can help address these conditions clinically.
Insulin resistance 2013
Insulin resistance occurs when cells become less responsive to insulin. It can be caused by genetic or diet-induced factors, with obesity being the most common cause. Insulin resistance is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in tissues like muscle and fat cells. Disrupted gut microbiota may also contribute by impacting energy harvest and metabolite production. Regulators of insulin sensitivity include PPARγ, AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins, which control pathways involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Gene expression analysis using PCR arrays can help study mechanisms of insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance 2014
The document provides information about insulin resistance and related mechanisms. It discusses how insulin resistance is caused by factors like obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbial dysbiosis. It outlines key regulators of insulin sensitivity including PPARγ, mTOR, AMPK, sirtuins, and miRNAs. The document promotes QIAGEN products for analyzing gene expression and signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance and related conditions.
Diabetes, Obesity, BMI, what are the limits?
This document discusses diabetes, obesity, and body mass index (BMI). It defines the different types of diabetes and risk factors for diabetes testing. Guidelines are provided for diagnosing diabetes using A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance tests. Prediabetes criteria and monitoring are outlined. Treatment targets and medication adjustments are reviewed. Obesity definitions based on BMI and waist circumference are presented along with disease risk levels associated with overweight and obesity.
Insulin resistance causes and consequences
Insulin resistance is caused by decreased biological response to normal insulin levels and is often seen with conditions like diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and pregnancy. It can cause an inability to focus, increased hunger, weight gain, and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance is associated with increased insulin production by the pancreas and can lead to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other health issues. It involves defects in insulin signaling pathways involving proteins like PKB, IRS, and PI3 kinase. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to lower blood sugar and insulin levels.
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance occurs when cells become insensitive to insulin and the body produces more insulin to help cells use glucose. A diet high in carbohydrates can cause this over time. Insulin resistance leads the body to store sugar as fat rather than use it for energy, slowing metabolism. It also causes excessive insulin and glucose in the bloodstream, accelerating aging and increasing risks of diseases like heart disease. Symptoms include inability to lose weight despite dieting, fatigue, and health issues related to high blood sugar, cholesterol, or blood pressure.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome caused by either lack of insulin production or decreased sensitivity to insulin. There are two main types: type 1 is caused by lack of insulin and type 2 by insulin resistance. Symptoms include excessive urine output, thirst, weight loss and tiredness. Type 1 is usually diagnosed in childhood and treated with insulin injections, while type 2 is more common in adults and can often be managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications. Long-term complications of uncontrolled diabetes include damage to blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys and heart.
Obesity and inflammation
In the UK, rates of obesity have increased by 30% in women, 40% in men, and 50% in children within the last decade resulting in over 25% of adults classified as obese today.
Obesity, in particular central obesity, is the dominant risk factor for insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. Evidence supporting obesity as an inflammation condition continues to grow and this is directly linked to the development of insulin resistance.
This webinar discusses novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of the common morbidities associated with obesity, specifically insulin resistance and type II diabetes, through targeting obesity-induced inflammatory processes.
Insulin Resistance
This document discusses insulin resistance and related topics. It begins with a brief history of insulin resistance and defines it as a failure of target organs to respond normally to insulin. It then discusses various factors that can contribute to insulin resistance, including obesity, diet, genetics, and certain drugs. The document also discusses the metabolic syndrome, which includes insulin resistance along with other risk factors. It provides diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and discusses treatments like weight loss, exercise, and dietary changes. The rest of the document discusses various proteins and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and TNF-alpha, and their roles in insulin resistance. It also discusses how lack of adipose tissue can
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence Ancestral Health Society
The pancreatic hormone insulin regulates the trafficking and metabolism of carbohydrate and fat. Since insulin influences fatty acid flux in fat tissue, and manipulating insulin can influence body fatness, this has raised the possibility that insulin plays a role in common obesity. Two competing hypotheses propose that 1) elevated insulin is a compensatory response to insulin resistance that develops with fat gain, or 2) elevated insulin outpaces insulin resistance and favors fat gain. Each hypothesis appears to be supported by a large amount of evidence. This presentation will outline a framework capable of reconciling this seemingly conflicting evidence. OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND POLYCYSTRIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are interrelated. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism and irregular periods and is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Both obesity and PCOS can cause each other - obesity can cause insulin resistance which leads to hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism, all of which contribute to PCOS, while PCOS makes weight control difficult and contributes to obesity. Insulin resistance is a key factor linking obesity and PCOS.
Understanding The Most Complex Organ In The Human Body – The Brain
Understanding The Most Complex Organ In The Human Body – The BrainGarvan Institute of Medical Research
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's August 2012 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newslettersFolding.cielo
The document summarizes several research articles on gene transcription and regulation. It discusses a study that described a gene network regulated by the splicing factor NOVA1 during vertebrate brain development. It also outlines research on the mechanisms that generate chromosomal breaks in bacteria like E. coli during collisions between DNA replication and transcription. Understanding these mechanisms is important for treating infectious diseases and explaining some human genetic diseases. The realization of these investigations leads to advances in disease diagnosis, explanation, and prevention.
Proteins & cell cycle ppt
This document discusses research findings about the roles of two proteins in the cell cycle regulation process. It was found that the JNK protein, long known to help cells respond to stress, also controls the cell cycle. Additionally, the histone H1 protein, typically viewed as stabilizing chromatin structure, was found to be phosphorylated in a way that is associated with changes in gene activity. These new discoveries about additional functions of proteins in the cell cycle could help direct future research towards preventing diseases like cancer.
Cell cycle and gen activity regulation(1)
The document discusses the role of JNK proteins in regulating the cell cycle. It was previously known that JNK proteins help cells respond to stress, but this study found they also control cell cycle progression by regulating the activity of the APC/C protein complex. Histone H1 proteins were also found to regulate gene activity throughout the cell cycle by controlling ribosomal RNA transcription. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms could help develop new drugs to treat diseases like cancer.
Plegable proteins
This document summarizes key points about proteins including their structure, function, importance in medicine, and a discovery about a 21st amino acid. It discusses how exploring protein structure in 3D allows understanding of how proteins work as channels or what gives them certain properties. Blocking specific proteins could prevent diseases by stopping interactions or denaturing proteins. The discovery of an additional amino acid called selenocysteine provides insights into genetic sequencing and protein biosynthesis.
Upb molecular journal
1. The document discusses recent discoveries about genetic variations between human genomes and structural variants that can disrupt genes.
2. It describes how identifying these exact genetic sequences of variations can help researchers narrow their searches for disease-causing mutations and develop new treatment possibilities.
3. The continued investigation of protein coding in genes is important for developing new and effective medications, as well as methods for disease prevention and health promotion.
Folding biologia molecular
Scientists have identified two proteins that could aid in diagnosis and treatment of diseases: TDP-43 is linked to Alzheimer's disease and may help diagnose it through brain scans, while FGF1 regulates blood sugar in diabetics and shows promise as a new treatment by making cells more sensitive to insulin. Researchers also discovered that abnormal TDP-43 deposits relate to other neurodegenerative diseases. Further research on these and other proteins could lead to answers for diseases that have been difficult to diagnose and treat.
Sweet genes: New way found by which metabolism is linked to the regulation of...
Sweet genes: New way found by which metabolism is linked to the regulation of DNA & For cancer patients, sugar-coated cells are deadly
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PathoConceptMAP
This concept map summarizes the relationships between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. It shows that obesity can lead to increased visceral adipose tissue and inflammation. This causes insulin resistance by interfering with insulin receptor sites and decreasing sensitivity. Insulin resistance then leads to hyperglycemia and increased demands on pancreatic beta cells for insulin synthesis. Over time, this causes beta cell dysfunction and decreased insulin production, resulting in a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Genetic factors can also influence obesity and diabetes risk. The concept map links these concepts and shows their relationships through physiological pathways.
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin production or insulin action. There are two main types - type 1 is caused by lack of insulin and type 2 is caused by insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery. Diagnosis involves fasting plasma glucose tests or oral glucose tolerance tests. Emergencies can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, or hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Mellitus The Silent Epidemic Philipino Nurses Association 041815
Diabetes Mellitus The Silent Epidemic Philipino Nurses Association 041815Valentine J. Burroughs, MD, MBA, CHCQM
This document discusses diabetes mellitus and provides information on its pathophysiology and management. It notes that diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and can be caused by either a lack of insulin production or insulin resistance. Type 1 diabetes results from insulin deficiency while type 2 involves both insulin deficiency and resistance. Gestational diabetes involves hyperglycemia during pregnancy and increases risks for both mother and child. The document summarizes diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for different types of diabetes.ueda2012 insulin resistance idf-d.emad
The document discusses insulin resistance (IR) from various perspectives. It begins by explaining the importance of understanding IR as a measurable parameter that can provide insights into various conditions. It then covers topics such as assessing IR, the epidemiology of IR, the role of IR in type 1 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and other issues. The document emphasizes that IR underlies many common health problems and that measuring and managing IR can help address these conditions clinically.
Insulin resistance 2013
Insulin resistance occurs when cells become less responsive to insulin. It can be caused by genetic or diet-induced factors, with obesity being the most common cause. Insulin resistance is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in tissues like muscle and fat cells. Disrupted gut microbiota may also contribute by impacting energy harvest and metabolite production. Regulators of insulin sensitivity include PPARγ, AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins, which control pathways involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Gene expression analysis using PCR arrays can help study mechanisms of insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance 2014
The document provides information about insulin resistance and related mechanisms. It discusses how insulin resistance is caused by factors like obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbial dysbiosis. It outlines key regulators of insulin sensitivity including PPARγ, mTOR, AMPK, sirtuins, and miRNAs. The document promotes QIAGEN products for analyzing gene expression and signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance and related conditions.
Diabetes, Obesity, BMI, what are the limits?
This document discusses diabetes, obesity, and body mass index (BMI). It defines the different types of diabetes and risk factors for diabetes testing. Guidelines are provided for diagnosing diabetes using A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance tests. Prediabetes criteria and monitoring are outlined. Treatment targets and medication adjustments are reviewed. Obesity definitions based on BMI and waist circumference are presented along with disease risk levels associated with overweight and obesity.
Insulin resistance causes and consequences
Insulin resistance is caused by decreased biological response to normal insulin levels and is often seen with conditions like diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and pregnancy. It can cause an inability to focus, increased hunger, weight gain, and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance is associated with increased insulin production by the pancreas and can lead to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other health issues. It involves defects in insulin signaling pathways involving proteins like PKB, IRS, and PI3 kinase. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to lower blood sugar and insulin levels.
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance occurs when cells become insensitive to insulin and the body produces more insulin to help cells use glucose. A diet high in carbohydrates can cause this over time. Insulin resistance leads the body to store sugar as fat rather than use it for energy, slowing metabolism. It also causes excessive insulin and glucose in the bloodstream, accelerating aging and increasing risks of diseases like heart disease. Symptoms include inability to lose weight despite dieting, fatigue, and health issues related to high blood sugar, cholesterol, or blood pressure.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome caused by either lack of insulin production or decreased sensitivity to insulin. There are two main types: type 1 is caused by lack of insulin and type 2 by insulin resistance. Symptoms include excessive urine output, thirst, weight loss and tiredness. Type 1 is usually diagnosed in childhood and treated with insulin injections, while type 2 is more common in adults and can often be managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications. Long-term complications of uncontrolled diabetes include damage to blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys and heart.
Obesity and inflammation
In the UK, rates of obesity have increased by 30% in women, 40% in men, and 50% in children within the last decade resulting in over 25% of adults classified as obese today.
Obesity, in particular central obesity, is the dominant risk factor for insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. Evidence supporting obesity as an inflammation condition continues to grow and this is directly linked to the development of insulin resistance.
This webinar discusses novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of the common morbidities associated with obesity, specifically insulin resistance and type II diabetes, through targeting obesity-induced inflammatory processes.
Insulin Resistance
This document discusses insulin resistance and related topics. It begins with a brief history of insulin resistance and defines it as a failure of target organs to respond normally to insulin. It then discusses various factors that can contribute to insulin resistance, including obesity, diet, genetics, and certain drugs. The document also discusses the metabolic syndrome, which includes insulin resistance along with other risk factors. It provides diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and discusses treatments like weight loss, exercise, and dietary changes. The rest of the document discusses various proteins and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and TNF-alpha, and their roles in insulin resistance. It also discusses how lack of adipose tissue can
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence Ancestral Health Society
The pancreatic hormone insulin regulates the trafficking and metabolism of carbohydrate and fat. Since insulin influences fatty acid flux in fat tissue, and manipulating insulin can influence body fatness, this has raised the possibility that insulin plays a role in common obesity. Two competing hypotheses propose that 1) elevated insulin is a compensatory response to insulin resistance that develops with fat gain, or 2) elevated insulin outpaces insulin resistance and favors fat gain. Each hypothesis appears to be supported by a large amount of evidence. This presentation will outline a framework capable of reconciling this seemingly conflicting evidence. OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND POLYCYSTRIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are interrelated. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism and irregular periods and is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Both obesity and PCOS can cause each other - obesity can cause insulin resistance which leads to hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism, all of which contribute to PCOS, while PCOS makes weight control difficult and contributes to obesity. Insulin resistance is a key factor linking obesity and PCOS.
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Diabetes Mellitus The Silent Epidemic Philipino Nurses Association 041815
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AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence
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OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND POLYCYSTRIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND POLYCYSTRIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Similar to Presentación plegable molecular
Understanding The Most Complex Organ In The Human Body – The Brain
Understanding The Most Complex Organ In The Human Body – The BrainGarvan Institute of Medical Research
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's August 2012 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newslettersFolding.cielo
The document summarizes several research articles on gene transcription and regulation. It discusses a study that described a gene network regulated by the splicing factor NOVA1 during vertebrate brain development. It also outlines research on the mechanisms that generate chromosomal breaks in bacteria like E. coli during collisions between DNA replication and transcription. Understanding these mechanisms is important for treating infectious diseases and explaining some human genetic diseases. The realization of these investigations leads to advances in disease diagnosis, explanation, and prevention.
Proteins & cell cycle ppt
This document discusses research findings about the roles of two proteins in the cell cycle regulation process. It was found that the JNK protein, long known to help cells respond to stress, also controls the cell cycle. Additionally, the histone H1 protein, typically viewed as stabilizing chromatin structure, was found to be phosphorylated in a way that is associated with changes in gene activity. These new discoveries about additional functions of proteins in the cell cycle could help direct future research towards preventing diseases like cancer.
Cell cycle and gen activity regulation(1)
The document discusses the role of JNK proteins in regulating the cell cycle. It was previously known that JNK proteins help cells respond to stress, but this study found they also control cell cycle progression by regulating the activity of the APC/C protein complex. Histone H1 proteins were also found to regulate gene activity throughout the cell cycle by controlling ribosomal RNA transcription. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms could help develop new drugs to treat diseases like cancer.
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This document summarizes key points about proteins including their structure, function, importance in medicine, and a discovery about a 21st amino acid. It discusses how exploring protein structure in 3D allows understanding of how proteins work as channels or what gives them certain properties. Blocking specific proteins could prevent diseases by stopping interactions or denaturing proteins. The discovery of an additional amino acid called selenocysteine provides insights into genetic sequencing and protein biosynthesis.
Upb molecular journal
1. The document discusses recent discoveries about genetic variations between human genomes and structural variants that can disrupt genes.
2. It describes how identifying these exact genetic sequences of variations can help researchers narrow their searches for disease-causing mutations and develop new treatment possibilities.
3. The continued investigation of protein coding in genes is important for developing new and effective medications, as well as methods for disease prevention and health promotion.
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Scientists have identified two proteins that could aid in diagnosis and treatment of diseases: TDP-43 is linked to Alzheimer's disease and may help diagnose it through brain scans, while FGF1 regulates blood sugar in diabetics and shows promise as a new treatment by making cells more sensitive to insulin. Researchers also discovered that abnormal TDP-43 deposits relate to other neurodegenerative diseases. Further research on these and other proteins could lead to answers for diseases that have been difficult to diagnose and treat.
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The document discusses two recent studies that focused on the "control code" of DNA replication and RNA transcription in order to better understand causes of diseases like cancer and autism. The studies revealed new insights into how small signaling molecules regulate genome expression by controlling protein complexes that switch genes on and off. Understanding the interactions between proteins that control replication and transcription could allow developing new treatments for many misunderstood diseases.
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2) Researchers at Case Western modified a prion protein to stabilize its normal shape and prevent conversion to the abnormal form that causes diseases. Mice with this variant were resistant to prion infection, demonstrating this approach could block prion disease progression.
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Two scientific studies focused on understanding the "control code" of DNA replication and RNA transcription in order to learn more about human diseases like cancer and autism. The studies revealed that RNA transcription, like DNA replication, is regulated by proteins. One study identified the RBFOX1 protein, which ensures activity of important brain genes, is turned off in autism patients. The other study found that inositol phosphates regulate histone deacetylases, enzymes that control DNA replication by packaging DNA tightly and switching genes off. Understanding these protein interactions that control genetic expression could enable new treatments for misunderstood diseases.
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Two studies investigated the "control code" of DNA replication and RNA transcription to better understand diseases like cancer and autism. One study found that RNA transcription is regulated by proteins similar to how DNA replication is regulated. The other study discovered that inositol phosphates regulate genome expression by controlling enzymes that switch genes on and off. Understanding how proteins control replication and transcription could help develop new treatments for diseases caused by defects in the genetic control code.
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Proteinas
Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acid monomers that perform essential functions in cells. Misfolded proteins can aggregate, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular chaperones assist protein folding, and may prevent aggregation. Studying protein aggregation provides information to understand diseases where aggregation plays a role, such as identifying chromosome 19 proteins related to cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Mapping human proteins informs drug development by identifying disease-related proteins as potential drug targets.
Diapositivas plegable biomol
The document summarizes two studies about proteins that cause mutations. One study found that APOBEC proteins, which are involved in immune activities, cause over 70% of mutations in cancers like cervical, bladder, and lung tumors. The mutations may be influenced by environmental factors. The second study was the first to perform full genome sequencing on people with autism and found genetic risk factors for autism that could lead to improved treatments and allow for earlier diagnosis through genetic screening.
Epigenome.docx
1. Epigenetics dictates the roles and functions of genes by defining what cells do and when. It causes cells to differentiate into specific types like skin, brain, or liver cells.
2. Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression and activity through mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modification rather than changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can be influenced by factors like disease, lifestyle, age, and family genetics.
3. Research on epigenetics provides insights into the development of conditions like hypertension. Evidence suggests epigenetic mechanisms play a role by altering gene expression and modifying in response to environmental and lifestyle influences over generations.
Angelman Syndrome
Here are the key points about sequence and structure of proteins:
- Protein sequences can be compared to determine similarity and relate unknown sequences to known protein families/categories. Sequence databases are searched for matches.
- Sequence alignment involves sliding two sequences past each other to find the position with the most matched residues. However, it misses some alignments.
- Gaps can be introduced in alignments to account for insertions/deletions between similar sequences from different genes. This increases matching possibilities.
- Beyond simple amino acid identity comparisons, there are two types of substitutions that better reflect evolutionary changes:
1) Conservative substitutions substitute amino acids within the same chemical property groups.
2) Semi-conservative substitutions substitute amino
RNA processing
This document discusses RNA processing and the roles of various proteins involved. It describes how angiogenin regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by inducing different types of RNA processing - tiRNA to promote quiescence in stem cells and rRNA to promote proliferation in myeloid progenitor cells. This has implications for improving stem cell transplantation outcomes. The document also discusses how PARP proteins regulate gene expression and RNA processing, with PARP inhibitors being used in cancer treatments, and how further understanding their targets could improve cancer therapies.
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Presentación plegable molecular
- 1. New Discoveries On Gene Regulation in the Evolution of the Vertebrate BrainNew Link Found Between Obesity and Insulin Resistance MARIA CAMILA PELAEZ MEDICINE STUDENT BIOLOGY MOLECULAR
- 4. INTRODUCTION The mechanism of translation is the process by which a mRNA molecule will form a protein can have different characters, plus it is modulated by a splicing mechanism that allows gene regulation, as we shall see is news.
- 5. New Discoveries On Gene Regulation in the Evolution of the Vertebrate Brain .The alternative splicing is primarily based on splicing and the combination of extron for the formation of proteins and thus detect errors in the genome.
- 6. Discover a new protein called Nova 1 (neuro-oncological ventral antigen) which have as main function to modulate the activity of a set of genes involved in the formation and structure of the nervous system.
- 7. is important to note that this study is based only in vertebrates and that its genome is very complex and the combination of extrons to be performed only as a means of regulating them, what does not happen with invertebrates
- 8. the study noted that in addition to that each gene has its own code, also has specific proteins to be expressed in every tissue and at any time.
- 9. My opinion This study is very interesting as it gives us new knowledge about the evolution and development of the nervous system, and besides it allows to know more thoroughly as has been the true evolution of vertebrates.
- 10. New Link Found Between Obesity and Insulin Resistance In the process of transcription, generate new proteins which can serve on the reserve of fat in the liver which is a major predisposing to the development of insulin resistance and this would lead to future diabetes.
- 11. It was discovered that RNA splicing proteins are decreased in obese people giving us a reasonably accurate to think exactly where the process is altered in the genome
- 12. This study encourages investigation of new genes that may participate in the process and thus to have greater certainty of what is actually causing the diseases.
- 13. conclude that the splicing plays an important role in regulation cell and is an important cofactor for expression of insulin resistance leading to more advanced states the person who owns it
- 14. MY OPINION This study is interesting because it allows us to adopt good habits of life by preventing more triggers without neglecting gene regulation.
- 15. MEDICAL UTILITY Establishing an early diagnosis of hereditary genetic diseases in some cases have not been well studied, but would help us to give adequate attention to the patient who has
- 16. Through this we can determine the changes that occur in pathologies that mainly with alterations of the brain and the regulation of such neuronal activity.
- 17. Well lifestyles may prevent metabolic abnormalities and thus reduce the percentage of people who may suffer, providing better quality of life for the population
- 18. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.ub.edu/medicina/program/4quart/esp/Nervios-tradES.pdf http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110324154247.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110802125551.htm
- 19. THANK YOU