A specialized computer used for the control and operation of manufacturing process and machinery is programmable Logic Controller (PLC). To store instructions it uses a programmable memory. And on/off control, timing, counting, sequencing, arithmetic, and data handling are the functions to be execute. To expand and enhance production Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) is used in almost every aspect of industry. , a single PLC can be programmed as an efficient replacement where hundreds or thousands of electromechanical relays are used in older automated systems. Sophisticated motion control, process control, distributive control systems, and complex networking are The PLC Functions. PLCs provide many Benifits Compare to the conventional relay type of control Accuracy, reliability. Communication capabilities, faster response time, lower cost, and convenience to troubleshoot. The paper is based on systematic conveyor controller programming by programmable logic controller using PLC offers user-friendly software and variety of expansion options. Increased more flexibility, Durability, Maintanance.
The aim of this project is to design a micro-controller Based automatic bottle filling system that sense the presence of bottle and fills it accordingly up to a fixed level.
The aim of this project is to design a micro-controller Based automatic bottle filling system that sense the presence of bottle and fills it accordingly up to a fixed level.
The aim of this project is to design a micro controller Based automatic bottle filling system that sense the presence of bottle and fills it accordingly up to a fixed level.
Seminar Presentation on Programmeble Logic Controller , By an Engineering Student For doing Professional Presentation like Business Presentation, Industrial Use
This chapter introduces Basics of Pneumatics, Advantages & Disadvantages, Application and symbols to students who are taking Pneumatics and Hydraulics course in Polytechnics
automatic control, Basic Definitions, Classification of Control systems, Requ...Waqas Afzal
Why automatic controls is required
2. Process Variables
controlled variable, manipulated variable
3. Functions of Automatic Control
Measurement
Comparison
Computation
Correction
4.Basic Definitions
System, Plant, Process, Controller, input, output, disturbance
5. Classification of Control systems
Natural, Manmade & Automatic control system
Open-Loop, Close-Loop control System
Linear Vs Nonlinear System
Time invariant vs Time variant
Continuous Data Vs Discrete Data System
Deterministic vs Stochastic System
6. Requirements of an ideal Control system
Accuracy, Sensitivity, noise, Bandwidth, Speed, Oscillations
PLC is an industrial computer designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements. It is capable of storing the instructions to implement control functions such as sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, data manipulation and communication.
ommon motion systems use three types of control methods. They are position control, velocity control and torque control.
The majority of Newport’s motion systems use position control. This type of control moves the load from one known fixed position to another known fixed position. Feedback, or closed-loop positioning, is important for precise positioning.
Velocity control moves the load continuously for a certain time interval or moves the load from one place to another at a prescribed velocity. Newport’s systems use both encoder and tachometer feedback to regulate velocity.
Torque control measures the current applied to a motor with a known torque coefficient in order to develop a known constant torque. Newport’s motion systems do not employ this method of control.
The aim of this project is to design a micro controller Based automatic bottle filling system that sense the presence of bottle and fills it accordingly up to a fixed level.
Seminar Presentation on Programmeble Logic Controller , By an Engineering Student For doing Professional Presentation like Business Presentation, Industrial Use
This chapter introduces Basics of Pneumatics, Advantages & Disadvantages, Application and symbols to students who are taking Pneumatics and Hydraulics course in Polytechnics
automatic control, Basic Definitions, Classification of Control systems, Requ...Waqas Afzal
Why automatic controls is required
2. Process Variables
controlled variable, manipulated variable
3. Functions of Automatic Control
Measurement
Comparison
Computation
Correction
4.Basic Definitions
System, Plant, Process, Controller, input, output, disturbance
5. Classification of Control systems
Natural, Manmade & Automatic control system
Open-Loop, Close-Loop control System
Linear Vs Nonlinear System
Time invariant vs Time variant
Continuous Data Vs Discrete Data System
Deterministic vs Stochastic System
6. Requirements of an ideal Control system
Accuracy, Sensitivity, noise, Bandwidth, Speed, Oscillations
PLC is an industrial computer designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements. It is capable of storing the instructions to implement control functions such as sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, data manipulation and communication.
ommon motion systems use three types of control methods. They are position control, velocity control and torque control.
The majority of Newport’s motion systems use position control. This type of control moves the load from one known fixed position to another known fixed position. Feedback, or closed-loop positioning, is important for precise positioning.
Velocity control moves the load continuously for a certain time interval or moves the load from one place to another at a prescribed velocity. Newport’s systems use both encoder and tachometer feedback to regulate velocity.
Torque control measures the current applied to a motor with a known torque coefficient in order to develop a known constant torque. Newport’s motion systems do not employ this method of control.
Design and Simulation of Automated Packaging Machine Process Control by Using...ijtsrd
Industry automation becomes the global trend in manufacturing and packaging process is one of the uses in industry. Modern industrial plants require the automatic process control system to control the desired process. The programmable logic controller PLC is very useful for the industrial automation in the modern business world. Industrial automation plays an important role in increasing the yield of a product. And then, among the controlling systems, the PLC control system has more applications than the other numerical control systems. It can be observed that a circuit has a fault by checking the control panel board. Troubleshooting can be done quickly visual observation. The main idea of the paper is to automate the process for packaging the detergent that weights 85 kg. Programmable logic controller SIEMENS SIMATIC S7 300 CPU 214C 2PN DP AC DC relay was used to control and automate this machine by ladder logic diagram software. In this paper, TIA portal V 13 software is used as programming software. Hnin Yu Lwin | U Hla Myo Htay "Design and Simulation of Automated Packaging Machine Process Control by Using PLC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26652.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26652/design-and-simulation-of-automated-packaging-machine-process-control-by-using-plc/hnin-yu-lwin
Filling is a task carried out by machine that packages cold drinks and water. It also includes volume selection menu through which user can input the desired volume to be filled in bottle.The filling operation is carried out by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Because PLC is cost effective, very flexible, reduce complexity, space efficient. By programming PLC we can control entire system Arun Kumar.M | H. Prasanna Kumar"Automatic Bottle Filling System Using PLC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5953.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/5953/automatic-bottle-filling-system-using-plc/arun-kumarm
The Automatic Sorting Machine is used to sort different types of products or commodities based on the barcode provided on them. This gives a provision to reduce the manual effort and hence human error by replacing the conventional methods of sorting in areas involving hectic sorting. The system comes into play in airports and other industrial distribution centres where the products or commodities have to be sorted into batches in order to take them to their respective destination. The products are put on a conveyer system where they are scanned for the particular barcode provided on them. Depending on the barcode, they are placed on the respective carriers automatically where these carriers dispatch them to the corresponding destinations.
Industrial automation for roto moulding plant usingMehul Joshie
Automation systems have been used in almost all
industries of food, automotive, textile, machinery manufacturing,
agriculture and etc. In this research paper, we are presenting a
process loop which can be used in roto moulding process. That has
made the process automatic. Because human interruptions can lead
to wastage of material, lower quality and increase chances of
accidents. PLC based programming can be useful for making process
in a sequence and time base.
Energy Conservation through Smart Building and Smart Lighting SystemIJMREMJournal
Energy conservation is an extensive topic due to the propagation of electricity demand and challenges globally
and is regarded as one of the most significant issues affects the power system quality, global environment and
consumers. Smart building is a technology that can connect everything to networks or systems to monitor and
control them in various areas such as offices, energy-consuming devices especially in laboratories, security
devices etc. Nevertheless, people's perception about using smart technology for energy saving is still in the mind’s
eye. This means that people discuss about environmental awareness readily. Due to the availability of electricity
and its elemental role, regulating consumers’ behaviours towards power savings can be a challenge. Remarkably,
the gap in today's smart technology design in smart buildings is the compassionate of consumers’ attitudes and
the merging of this perspective into the smart technology. Implementation of PLC based controlling system is a
convenient method to save the power and energy strategy for whole building. Furthermore, prepare a lighting
scheme can results a rapid response in energy conservation. Consequently, PLC Automatic system removes the
human intervention which makes the process smart and energy reduction will gives benefits to the consumers in
terms of reducing the cost of electricity bills. Nonetheless, contemporary buildings’ energy conservation has been
significant solution to cope with the rising electricity necessity.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
PLC Controlled Automated Multiple Conveyor System for Sorting Process
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PLC Controlled Automated Multiple
Conveyor System for Sorting Process
Rakshak T.B. Mr. Shivashankara B. S.
P.G. Student Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India
Abstract
A specialized computer used for the control and
operation of manufacturing process and machinery
is programmable Logic Controller (PLC). To store
instructions it uses a programmable memory. And
on/off control, timing, counting, sequencing,
arithmetic, and data handling are the functions to
be execute. To expand and enhance production
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) is used in
almost every aspect of industry. , a single PLC can
be programmed as an efficient replacement where
hundreds or thousands of electromechanical relays
are used in older automated systems. Sophisticated
motion control, process control, distributive control
systems, and complex networking are The PLC
Functions.
PLCs provide many Benifits Compare to the
conventional relay type of control Accuracy,
reliability. Communication capabilities, faster
response time, lower cost, and convenience to
troubleshoot. The paper is based on systematic
conveyor controller programming by
programmable logic controller using PLC offers
user-friendly software and variety of expansion
options. Increased more flexibility, Durability,
Maintanance.
1. Introduction
The PLC is a device with microcontroller that
monitors the input/output circuitry status. In the
proposed system sensor (inputs), actuators, Motors
(output). A Ladder logic program stored in the
memory, which gives the commands to do the
required tasks. PLCs are armored for severe
condition (dust, moisture, heat, cold, etc) the
extensive input/output (I/O) arrangement is the
main difference from other computers. The facility
for the positions of complex positioning systems.
Motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, magnetic
relays or solenoids, or analog outputs are operated
by PLC.
2. Literature survey
Babita Nanda, Delta plc is a basic type of plc used
for small scale applications. It has 8 inputs and 6
outputs. It has a 24v input slot which acts as a
power source for delta plc. It also has a USB slot
which is used to run the program on the plc. A very
commonly used method of programming PLC’s is
based on the use of ladder diagrams. Writing a
program is the equivalent to drawing a switching
circuit. The ladder diagram consists of two vertical
lines representing the power rails. Circuits are
connected as horizontal lines, that is, the rungs of
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the ladder, between these two vertical lines. In
drawing a ladder diagram, certain conventions are
adopted implementing of Delta PLC for shorting of
machine has greatly reduced the complexity
involved in completing this project. Every
production unit of mass production can make use of
this king of system. Many more industries can be
identified for the application of the system[1].
Chitra.S, and Vijaya Raghavan, PLCs are well-
adapted to a range of automation tasks. These are
typically useful in industrial processes in
manufacturing where the cost of developing and
maintaining the automation system is high relative
to the total cost of the automation, and where
changes to the system would be expected during its
operational life. PLCs contain input and output
devices compatible with industrial pilot devices and
controls; little electrical design is required, and the
design problem centres on expressing the desired
sequence of operations in ladder logic (or function
chart) notation. PLC applications are typically
highly customized systems so the cost of a
packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a
specific custom-built controller design. On the
other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods,
customized control systems are economic due to
the lower cost of the components, which can be
optimally chosen instead of a "generic" solution,
and where the non-recurring engineering charges
are spread over thousands of places [2].
Sanjay Prakash Dabadea, Rohan Prakash Chumble
The automatic sorting machine using conveyor belt
is basically useful for sorting the products in the
industry specifically large scale industries where
mass production is carried out. The machine also
reduces the efforts of the workers by reducing the
time spent for material handling. The application
area of this machine is very wide in industries
where automation is built [3].
Ganesh B.Shinde, Vishal P.Ghadage, Akshay A.
Gadhave, and Dr.D.k.Shedge In industry the
production speed should be high because the
demand of the product is more. But when we check
weight of the object manually then it will take more
time for checking the weight and overall speed the
production will decrease. So by using this auto
weighing control system we totally overcome this
problem.PLC will handled all the operation
regarding the weight of the job. And operate the
pneumatic cylinder according to the weight of the
job. The pneumatic cylinder will remove the faulty
job from the conveyor belt and pass the accurate
job successfully [4].
Shreeya V, Kulkarni Swati R, Bhosale Priyanka P,
Bandewar, G.B.Firame, Kashibai Nava In most of
the industries the sorting system runs by PLC
which is expensive and only can be used in large
industries. This system is less expensive as
microcontroller is used. The system is compact and
quick in operation so can be used in small scale
industries, ware houses, currier services. Raspberry
pi is used so the controlling is easy and effective.
The response time of raspberry pi is less so image
detected and decoded in short period of time. The
sorting speed is 12 box/min i.e. 720 box/ hour, it is
faster than existing system[5].
G. Sujatha, and V. Perasiriyan, The designed
conveyor sorting module can be used for different
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logics that can be applied in conveyer sorting. To
sense the object and sort the small one to Right bin,
Large one to middle bin and Medium one to centre
bin. To sense the object only the medium size
object to centre or left or right bin and if small or
big object is sensed stop conveyer-2 immediately
and blink Cycle on LED DO-0 at interval. Once the
object is removed from the conveyer, stop blinking
and wait to accept the Object Loading again. To
sort only Small and Medium height Object so that
once the big object is sensed stop the conveyer. To
sort the Small object 4 nos, Medium object 4 nos.
and big object 4 no. to the bin and stop sensing till
reset button is sensed. To sort the objects in
ascending order according to the size and stop the
conveyer if the sequence is wrong [6].
Vitthal G. Chikte, Priyanka D. Ughade. They have
tried best to create a setup that will decrease human
effort and succeeded to an extent by using the low
cost automation system (LAC).Avoid risk at
hazardous places, improve accuracy, and increase
speed of production. Limitations will be there due
to the practical difficulties in programming of the
project according to the availability of the materials
and components. The setup can be further
improved to a Sorting system that sorts the items
based on the colour and height simultaneously.
This can be achieved using the sensors that can
emit light radiation of different wavelengths. In
industry it can be used for sorting of various
objects, tools, with high degree of accuracy and
quality with an automation. Operations in food
processing industries which used to be carried out
under totally hygienic conditions from the report
have gained knowledge to some extent and thus it
acts as a learning tree. Comments that which ration
itemhe is going to buy [7].
Kunhimohammed.C.K, Muhammed Saifudeen
K. K, Sahna S, Gokul M. S and Shaeez Usman
Abdulla. They have developed a sorting machine
using PLC for automatic colour sorting, taking in to
consideration three colours namely Green, Red and
Black. It consumed two months to produce the
prototype with the expense of Rs.2000. It may
note that the green object and the red object lying
in different sections of the container placed on the
second conveyor belt [8].
3. Block Diagram and Flow Chart
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4.Components Required
4.1 Proximity Sensors
4.2 IR Sensors
4.3 PLC
4. 4 Pneumatic actuators (Cylinders)
4.5 Conveyor Motors
6. Conveyor Belts.
Flow Chart
Fig.2 Flow Chart
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4.1 Proximity sensors
These are used to detect metals. In the proposed
system the proximity sensors are fixed at the first
position.
Fig.3 Structure of an inductive proximity sensor
[13]
4.2 IR sensors
These are used to sense the Non-metals. The
working principle is as shown in the fig.3
Fig.4 IR Sensor [4]
4.3 Programmable logic controller
This is used to interface the inputs and output
Devices. The ladder logic circuit is used to
interface Process. (PLC)
Fig.5 PLC kit [13]
4.4 Pneumatic actuators (Cylinders)
The cylinder acts as an output devices which are
used to push the work samples to the conveyors
which are attached to the main conveyor.
Fig.6 Cylinder [13]
4.5 Conveyor Motors
Motor is an electric device which converts
Electrical energy into mechanical Energy. In the
proposed system the mechanical force is used to
move the conveyors.
Fig.7 Pulley and DC Motor in the Prototype
[13]
4. 6 Conveyor Belts
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Fig.8 (a) Belts of Conveyor, (b) Belts of
Conveyor with Pulley [13].
These are used to move the work samples From
initial position to final position.
5. 3D-Modelling
Fig.9 (a) Isometric View of a Model
Fig.9 (b) Isometric View of a Model
Fig.10 Front view of a model
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Fig.11 Top view
Fig.12 Side view
The two conveyors are attached to the main
conveyor. The proximity sensor is attached to the
first conveyor to detect Metals. The IR Sensor is
attached to the second conveyor to detect the Non-
metals. Two sensors mentioned above acts as the
input components. The two conveyor motors and
the Pneumatic actuator (cylinder) acts as output
components. PLC is used to interface the input and
output components to get the final result. The
Ladder Logic Circuit is written to interface the
machine with PLC. The timer is used for the each
work sample time requirement to complete the task.
The counter is used to calculate the time required to
fill the empty boxes. The First Conveyor is the
main conveyor. Second conveyor is for Metals.
Third Conveyor is for Non-metal. The four and five
conveyor moves after filling of four work samples.
6. Ladder Logic Diagram
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
0003 VAR
0004 Stsrt AT %IX0.0: BOOL;
0005 Hold: BOOL;
0006 S1 AT %IX0.1: BOOL;
0007 Main_motor AT %QX0.0: BOOL;
0008 Inductive AT %IX0.2: BOOL;
0009 Photlectric AT %IX0.3: BOOL;
0010 T1: Tp;
0011 T2: TP;
0012 cylinder1_solenoid AT %QX0.1: BOOL;
0013 Cylinder2_solenoid AT %QX0.2: BOOL;
0014 Conveyor3_sensor AT %IX0.4: BOOL;
0015 C1: CTU;
0016 Conveyor5 AT %QX0.6: BOOL;
0017 T4: TP;
0018 Conveyor2_sensor AT %IX0.3: BOOL;
0019 C2: CTU;
0020 Conveyor4 AT %QX0.5: BOOL;
0021 T5: TP;
0022 T6: TP;
0023 Conveyor3 AT %QX0.4: BOOL;
0024 T7: TP;
0025 Conveyor2 AT %QX0.3: BOOL;
0026 T3: TP;
0027 dummy1: INT;
0028 dummy2: INT;
0029 Stop AT %IX0.6: BOOL;
0030 Trigger1: F_TRIG;
0031 Trigger2: F_TRIG;
0032 END_VAR
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Fig.13 Ladder Logic Diagram
7. Proposed Actual Model Images
Fig.14 Top view of a proposed model.
Fig.15 Front View of a proposed Model
Fig.16 Side View
8. Conclusion
The developed Model sorts Metals and Non-metals
by using PLC. The Proposed Model is Economical
user friendly, Low cost, high accuracy, Reliable.
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[1] G. Sujatha and V. Perasiriyan “Conveyor
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April-June 2014, pp.12-18.
[2]. Babita Nanda “Automatic Sorting Machine
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[3]. Ganesh B.Shinde, Vishal P.Ghadage, Akshay
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Volume-3, Issue-03, March 2015, pp. 213-216.
[4]. Chitra.S, Vijaya Raghavan “Conveyor Control
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[5]. Kunhimohammed C. K, Muhammed Saifudeen
K. K, Sahna S, Gokul M. S and Shaeez Usman
Abdulla “Automatic Colour Sorting Machine Using
TCS230 Colour Sensor And PIC Microcontroller”,
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[6]. Shreeya V. Kulkarni Swati R. Bhosale
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[11]. Vishnu R. Kale, V. A. Kulkarni, “Object
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