Dr. S. Nagarajan discusses the increasing use of plastics and the resulting pollution crisis. Trillions of plastic items are manufactured each year, but only 5% are recycled while the rest end up in the environment. Plastic waste has accumulated in oceans and remains in animal stomachs after death. Various health issues are also linked to plastic exposure. The document then outlines different plastic recycling methods like primary, secondary, and tertiary recycling as well as recycling processes for specific plastics like PET, PVC, and HDPE. It emphasizes that we must address the plastic pollution problem to save the planet and environment for future generations.

1. Dr. S. Nagarajan M.Tech., Ph.D.,
Research Associate

2. PLASTIC AGE
Evaluation of human into Plastic age…
We are the most comfortable generation ever on the planet…….
…….Never before

3. 73

6. n
Why Recycling?
1.7.125 billion(109
) of people are using trillions (1012
) of
plastic items are made each year.
2.50% goes to land fill.
3.5% goes to recycling.
4.Rest will find its way into the environment.
Purchasing for needs …
Purchasing for desires …
Shopping…

7. Reproductive disorders
Male impotence
Heart disease
Sex hormones changes
in men
Breast cancer
BPA exposure to loss of
connections between
brain cells in primates,
potential problems with
memory and learning,
as well as depression.
Side effect……Global plastic mismanagement in 2015
PC-bottle

8. 1.9 million bits per square mile
5.25 trillion pieces of plastic debris in the ocean
of that mass of 269,000 tons float on the surface.

9. Plastic waste age in See Water

10. Plastics remains in their stomachs after death

11. Plastic waste age in environment

12. Incinerator Plasma Pyrolysis

13. Railway sleepers

14. Endocrine is glands
which secrete
hormones
73

15. Distinguish between addition polymer
and condensation polymer
Addition polymer
1. HDPE
2. LDPE
3. PP
4. PS
5. PVC*
6. Others (ABS, SAN, PAN)
Condensation polymer
1.PET *
2.Others (PC*,Nylon*)
1. Primary recycling
2. Secondary recycling (or) Mechanical recycling
3. *Tertiary recycling
Recycling

17. Primary recycling
It is also known as re-extrusion, is the oldest way of recycling PET. It refers to the ‘‘in-plant’’
recycling of the scrap materials that have similar features to the original products.
This process ensures simplicity and low cost, but requires uncontaminated scrap, and only
deals with single-type waste, making it an unpopular choice for recyclers.
Secondary recycling (or) Mechanical recycling
•Sorting and separation of wastes.
•Removal of contaminants.
•Reduction of size by crushing and grinding.
•Extrusion by heat and reforming.
•Contaminated the waste.
•Heterogeneity of the solid waste.
•Degradation of the product properties each time it is
recycled.
•Reactions in polymerization are all reversible.
•Color difference.
Limitations
Recycling of PET

18. Tertiary recycling:
More commonly known as chemical recycling, involves the transformation of the PET polymer
chain. Usually by means of solvolytic chain cleavage, this process can either be a total
depolymerization back to its monomers or a partial depolymerization to its oligomers and
other industrial chemicals.

19. Bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET)
Cationic dyeable polyethylene terephthalate (CDPET)PET fiber
PET bottle

20. <20μ
Not less than 20μ
Thin plastic bags fly in air
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963
was awarded jointly to Karl Ziegler and
Giulio Natta "for their discoveries in
the field of the chemistry and
technology of high polymers"

21. Recycling of HDPE, LDPE and PP
Secondary recycling (or) Mechanical recycling

22. Fuel from West Plastics
Pyrolysis
Sulfur free fuel
Al2SiO5
•Diesel
•Kerosene
•Gasoline
• aromatics
www.polygreen.com.ph#sthash.dqmuGDgs.dpuf
www.ventanacleantech.com/
West plastic to
fuel conversation
75 to 90 %

23. 30 million to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the second
largest volume thermoplastic only to polyethylene as
volume leader in the plastics industry.
Flexible and Rigid PVC
PVC starts to decompose when the
temperature reaches 140 °C, with
melting temperature starting around
160 °C
PVC was discovered as early as 1835,
vinyl chloride did not come until about 75
years later

24. The oxidative degradation of PVC by molecular oxygen in aqueous alkaline solution at
temperatures between 150 - 260 o
C with oxygen pressures of 1–10 MPa.
The main products are oxalic acid and carbon dioxide, their yield depending on the reaction
conditions and the alkali concentration. The maximum yield of oxalic acid was 45%; 42% of the
chlorine content could be recovered in the form of HCl.
Chemical recycling
Evolution of (gaseous) HCl from PVC

25. Depolymerization
www.ventanacleantech.com/

26. Polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN),
acrylic plastics/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Cardboard /Paper Aluminum Plastic

27. We are the most comfortable generation ever on the planet…never before…
But we are the most polluted generation ever on the planet…never before…
Save the planet and make it as most joyful and a pleasant environment to all….