This document describes the main parts of plants. It discusses that roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits are the main parts of a plant. It describes the two main types of roots as tap roots, which are thicker at the base and taper towards the end, producing secondary roots, and fibrous roots. It also discusses leaves and their parts such as the blade, margin, apex, petiole and base. The document describes flowers and their parts including the pedicle, calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. It notes that pollination is when pollen grains are released from the anthers and fall on the stigma of another flower, and fertilization occurs when the ov

1. CHP . 2
Plants structure and
function

2. Parts of the plants
• Roots , stem , leaves , flowers and fruits
are the parts of a plant . By studying these
parts we can identify the type and species
of plant

3. ROOT
• Part of the plant the grows under the soil for
support is called root
• There are two main types of roots a) tap root
b) fibrous root
• Dicotylendous plants have tap root
• Monocotylendous plants have fibrous roots

4. • Radicle - part of the seed which
grows from inside the seed
toward the soil is called radicle
• Plumule - part of the seed
which grows above the soil
from seed is called plumule

5. • Tap root - tap root is thicker at
the base . It tapers towards the
end . Tap root produce
secondary roots . Secondary
roots grow obliquely and
spread far and wide in the soil.
• Root hair - hair like
processesnear the root tips are
called root hairs
• Root cap - the tip of the root is
covered by a cap like sstructure
called a root cap this protects
the root tip from injuries

6. • Leaves arise from the nodes on a
stem
• Leaf blade- the broad spread out
part of leaf
• Leaf margin - edge of leaf entire ,
dentate , and lobed are some types
of leaf margins
• Leaf apex - tip of the leaf
• Petiole - the stalk of leaf some have
petioles while some do not
• Leaf base - portion of leaf attached
to the stem
• Stipules - small structure near leaf
base some have stipules while some
do not

8. • Pedicle - stalk of flower
• Calyx - outermost whorel of
floer
• Corolla - petals make the corolla
• Androecium - male reproductive
part of flower which is made up
of stamens each stamen has
anther and filament.
• Gynoecuim - femail reproductive
part of flower it is made up of
carpels each carpel consists of
stigma , style and ovary
•

9. • Pollen grains that are released from the anthers fall on the
stigma of another flower . This process is called pollination
• Fertilization - the ovules or egg cell in the ovary are fertilized
by the pollen grains fallen on stigma . This process is called
fertilization