Planning involves defining an organization's goals, establishing a strategy to achieve those goals, and developing coordinated plans. It is a primary and continuous function that occurs at all levels of an organization. Planning determines objectives and involves deciding future courses of action based on past and present information to enable an organization to meet its objectives. It is important for facing modern business complexities, competition, technological changes, and ensuring objectives are met through better coordination. Planning results in different types of plans that can be strategic, tactical, operational, long or short term, formal or informal, and used once or continuously.

1. Planning

2. INDEX:

3. Definition
 “The relevant information from the past and the
present and the assignment of the probable future
development so that a course of action may be
determined to enable the organization to meet its
objectives”.
Henry Sick.
 “ Planning is deciding in advance what is to be
done”
W.H. Newman.

4. Planning
 Planning mean setting objectives & formulating an action
plan to achieve it.
 Planning means thinking in advance what is to be done,
when it is to be done, how it is to be done and by whom it
should be done.

5. What is planning?
 Planning
Defining the organization’s goals
Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those
goals
Developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate
and coordinate organizational work.

6. Features
 Planning is primary function: no other function can be
performed without planning.
 Focus on achieving objectives: Determines goals & objectives
of firm.
 Planning is continuous-process: Never ending process.
 Planning is pervasive: At every level(Top, middle, lower).
 Planning is futuristic: Never done for past.
 Planning involves decision making: No alternative no planning.

7. Importance
 Facing complexities of modern business.
 Face competition in the market.
 Forewarn against business failures.
 Technological changes.
 Attention on objectives.
 Better co-ordination.

8. Types of plans
 Strategic plans.
 Tactical plans.
 Operational plans.
 Long term and Short term plans.
 Proactive plans and Reactive plans.
 Formal and Informal plans.
 Standing and Single-use plans.

9. PLANNING PROCESS