Planning involves deciding in advance for future events. It is a forward-looking process that organizations use to bring certainty to present activities and have confidence in forecasting future events. Some key features of planning include that it is goal-oriented, forward-looking, and provides choices for how an organization can carry out activities in the most effective way. Planning is also considered the primary function of management, as organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling are done after planning. Additionally, planning is a continuous, pervasive, and dynamic process that can change based on internal or external factors affecting an organization.

1. MEANING OF PLANNING
In simple sense whatever we decide in
advance for doing any future events, is
termed as planning. For Example: - if would
want to go to Delhi tomorrow then. I will
have to make plan either I will go by bus or
by train. Hence, it is clear that planning is
done for doing future events not past.

2. According To Managerial Language Planning May
Be Defined As A Forward Looking Process. Which
Is Adopted by an Organization with View To Bring
Certainty in the Present Events or Activities So
That, Organization May Have More Confidence
Regarding The accuracy of future events. Hence it
is clarify that planning is directly concerned with the
forecasting of future events.

3. FEATURES OF PLANNING:
 Goal-Oriented Approach: The features of planning can put
to be a goal oriented approach because it is directly related
with goals of organization. In the absence of goals or targets
we can not assume about planning. Because within the
organization all the various activities are done with a view to
attain the primary goals of organization. In fact in the lack of
goals there is no need to do plan towards any activity. On the
whole we can say; planning is a goal oriented approach.
 Forward Looking Process: It is a salient feature of planning.
Planning is forward looking process because it is directly
concerned with forecasting of future events. The purpose of
every plan is to determine the future events with a view to
bring certainty in the present activities of the organization.
Thus we can say that planning is forward looking process.

4.  Choice Making Activity: Planning can set to be a choice
making activity because planning provides a large number of
alternative courses to an organization to do a various activities
in the most appropriate manner. It is matter of fact that an
action may be performed by many ways but there is particular
way to perform an action which is most appropriate to
organization. Planning provides these alternatives to
organization to perform its various actions in the most proper
way. Thus, planning is a choice making activity.
 Primary Function: The feature of planning refers to primary
function because planning is the first task of business
management. All other functions of business management
such as organizing, staffing, directing & controlling are done
after completing the planning. Infect, whenever we are going
to do any event or activity at first we make plan & accordingly
we will perform to attain result oriented work. Thus we can say
to plan as primary function.

5.  Planning is a Continuous Process: Planning can put to be a
continuous process because it is not an event which is concerned
with the point of time. It is needed every walk of life of an
organization. Infect, in the absence of planning any organization
cannot able to take even one step properly. Thus, it is clear that
planning is a continuous process.
 Pervasive Function: It is a unique feature of planning. Planning is a
pervasive function because it can universally applicable at all the
levels of management either it may be like top level of
management, middle level of management or lower level of
management. Infect planning is the function of all managers. So
that, planning is a pervasive function.
 Planning is a Dynamic process: Planning can be treated as a
dynamic process because it is affected if any changes are made in
the internal & external environment of organization. Such as if the
goals of organization will change then it also affects the plans of
organization. Similarly in external environment if any changes are
made in the government policy, regarding business then it also
affects the plans of organization. Therefore, it is clear that planning
can put to be as a dynamic process.

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