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Planning and Monitoring the Process
Learning objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are Planning and Monitoring? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quality and Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example Process: Cleanroom Customer Requirements Specification Function Usage Incremental  Development  Planning Statistical test case generation Usage specifications Formal Design Correctness Verification Functional specifications Statistical testing Source code Test cases Quality Certification Model MTTF statistics Interfail times Improvement Feedback
Example Process: Cleanroom Customer Requirements Specification Function Usage Incremental  Development  Planning Statistical test case generation Usage specifications Formal Design Correctness Verification Functional specifications Statistical testing Source code Test cases Quality Certification Model MTTF statistics Interfail times Improvement Feedback Activities and responsibilities focused on quality Integrated into an overall development process
Example Process: Software Reliability Engineering Testing (SRET) Define “Necessary” Reliability Requirements and Architecture Design and  Implementation System Test and  Acceptance Test Development  Operational Profiles Prepare  for Testing Execute tests Interpret Failure  Data
Software Reliability Engineering Testing (SRET) Define “Necessary” Reliability Requirements and Architecture Design and  Implementation System Test and  Acceptance Test Development  Operational Profiles Prepare  for Testing Execute tests Interpret Failure  Data Activities and responsibilities focused on quality Integrated into an overall development process
Example Process: Extreme Programming (XP) Generate User  Stories Create Unit Tests  Pair  Programming + unit testing Create  Acceptance  Tests  Incremental Release  pass Next version Review, Refine,  prioritize Acceptance Testing  Passed all unit tests Passed all unit tests Failed acceptance test
Extreme Programming (XP) Generate User  Stories Create Unit Tests  Pair  Programming + unit testing Create  Acceptance  Tests  Incremental Release  pass Next version Review, Refine,  prioritize Acceptance Testing  Passed all unit tests Passed all unit tests Failed acceptance test Activities and responsibilities focused on quality Integrated into an overall development process
Overall Organization  of a Quality Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Verification Steps  for Intermediate Artifacts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strategies vs Plans Standard structure prescribed in strategy Organization structure, experience and policy over several projects Structure and content based on Plan Strategy Quickly, adapting to project needs Slowly, with organization and policy changes Evolves Project Organization Scope
Test and Analysis Strategy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Considerations in Fitting a Strategy to an Organization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Elements of a Strategy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Test and Analysis Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main Elements of a Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quality Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Task Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Schedule
Schedule Risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths Product delivery Produce user documentation Design and execute system tests Design and execute subsystem tests Code and integration Analysis and design Project start CRITICAL SCHEDULE May April March Febrary January Task name
Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths Product delivery Execute system tests Execute subsystem tests Produce user documentation Design system tests Design subsystem tests Code and integration Analysis and design Project start UNLIMITED RESOURCES May April March Febrary January Task name
Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths Product delivery Execute system tests Execute subsystem tests Produce user documentation Design system tests Design subsystem tests Code and integration Analysis and design Project start LIMITED RESOURCES May April March Febrary January Task name
Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths
Risk Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Personnel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Test Execution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contingency Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolution of the Plan Preliminary plan Emergency plan Final plan … First release Second release
Process Monitoring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaluate Aggregated Data by Analogy faults Builds
Process Improvement Monitoring and improvement within a project or across multiple projects: Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) &Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC Fault Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC activities and  triggers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC impact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC Fault Analysis (example 1/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC Fault Analysis (example 2/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC Fault Analysis (example 3/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ODC Fault Analysis (example 4/4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improving the Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improving Current and Next Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Root cause analysis (RCA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What  are the faults? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fault Severity The fault limits the choice of colors for customizing the  graphical interface, violating the specification but causing only minor inconvenience Minor inconvenience Cosmetic The fault inhibits exporting in Postscript format. Postscript can be produced using the printing facility, but with  loss of usability and efficiency Some product features require workarounds to use, and reduce efficiency, reliability, or convenience and usability Moderate The fault inhibits importing files saved with a previous version of the program, and there is no workaround Some product features cannot be used, and there is no workaround Severe The fault causes the program to crash The product is unusable Critical Example Description Level
Pareto Distribution (80/20) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why  did faults occur? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of fault tracing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How could faults be prevented? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Quality Team ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles and Responsibilities  at Tactical Level ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alternatives in Team Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles and responsibilities pros and cons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Independent Testing Team ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Managing Communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing within XP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outsourcing Test and Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Planning And Monitoring The Process

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  • 5. Example Process: Cleanroom Customer Requirements Specification Function Usage Incremental Development Planning Statistical test case generation Usage specifications Formal Design Correctness Verification Functional specifications Statistical testing Source code Test cases Quality Certification Model MTTF statistics Interfail times Improvement Feedback
  • 6. Example Process: Cleanroom Customer Requirements Specification Function Usage Incremental Development Planning Statistical test case generation Usage specifications Formal Design Correctness Verification Functional specifications Statistical testing Source code Test cases Quality Certification Model MTTF statistics Interfail times Improvement Feedback Activities and responsibilities focused on quality Integrated into an overall development process
  • 7. Example Process: Software Reliability Engineering Testing (SRET) Define “Necessary” Reliability Requirements and Architecture Design and Implementation System Test and Acceptance Test Development Operational Profiles Prepare for Testing Execute tests Interpret Failure Data
  • 8. Software Reliability Engineering Testing (SRET) Define “Necessary” Reliability Requirements and Architecture Design and Implementation System Test and Acceptance Test Development Operational Profiles Prepare for Testing Execute tests Interpret Failure Data Activities and responsibilities focused on quality Integrated into an overall development process
  • 9. Example Process: Extreme Programming (XP) Generate User Stories Create Unit Tests Pair Programming + unit testing Create Acceptance Tests Incremental Release pass Next version Review, Refine, prioritize Acceptance Testing Passed all unit tests Passed all unit tests Failed acceptance test
  • 10. Extreme Programming (XP) Generate User Stories Create Unit Tests Pair Programming + unit testing Create Acceptance Tests Incremental Release pass Next version Review, Refine, prioritize Acceptance Testing Passed all unit tests Passed all unit tests Failed acceptance test Activities and responsibilities focused on quality Integrated into an overall development process
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  • 13. Strategies vs Plans Standard structure prescribed in strategy Organization structure, experience and policy over several projects Structure and content based on Plan Strategy Quickly, adapting to project needs Slowly, with organization and policy changes Evolves Project Organization Scope
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  • 23. Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths Product delivery Produce user documentation Design and execute system tests Design and execute subsystem tests Code and integration Analysis and design Project start CRITICAL SCHEDULE May April March Febrary January Task name
  • 24. Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths Product delivery Execute system tests Execute subsystem tests Produce user documentation Design system tests Design subsystem tests Code and integration Analysis and design Project start UNLIMITED RESOURCES May April March Febrary January Task name
  • 25. Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths Product delivery Execute system tests Execute subsystem tests Produce user documentation Design system tests Design subsystem tests Code and integration Analysis and design Project start LIMITED RESOURCES May April March Febrary January Task name
  • 26. Reducing the Impact of Critical Paths
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  • 35. Evolution of the Plan Preliminary plan Emergency plan Final plan … First release Second release
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  • 37. Evaluate Aggregated Data by Analogy faults Builds
  • 38. Process Improvement Monitoring and improvement within a project or across multiple projects: Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) &Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
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  • 51. Fault Severity The fault limits the choice of colors for customizing the graphical interface, violating the specification but causing only minor inconvenience Minor inconvenience Cosmetic The fault inhibits exporting in Postscript format. Postscript can be produced using the printing facility, but with loss of usability and efficiency Some product features require workarounds to use, and reduce efficiency, reliability, or convenience and usability Moderate The fault inhibits importing files saved with a previous version of the program, and there is no workaround Some product features cannot be used, and there is no workaround Severe The fault causes the program to crash The product is unusable Critical Example Description Level
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