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The document discusses a fan unit that contains four fans and provides ventilation for a MINI-LINK E Classic ETSI system. The fan unit monitors the fans and will send an alarm if two or more fans fail or if DC power is lost. To receive fan alarms, the alarm connector on the fan unit must be connected to an NCC connector on an MMU module of a certain revision level. The alarm will not work for some older MMU module revisions.
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Lam dp1 brochure
This document summarizes an unregulated power supply series. The power supplies contain all components needed to convert AC to DC voltage in a compact DIN rail-mountable case. They can accept single or three phase input and include status indicators. Some models have additional braking resistor control circuitry to dissipate excess energy during device braking.
Project report on gsm based borewell water level monitor
PROJECT REPORT
If the water level in a borewell drops below the threshold level for pumping, its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely switch on or switch off the pump motor by sending an SMS from his mobile phone. The system is simple, reliable, portable and affordable.
Busbar configuarations
This document discusses various busbar arrangements used in substations including:
- Single busbar system
- Single bus with sectionaliser system
- Double busbar system
- One and half breaker system
It provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the different busbar configurations adopted by the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation (APTRANSCO) at various voltage levels.
water level monitor using gsm
In a Farming Field area, there is a need of proper water supply to prevent it from drying and avoiding the over flow condition. If the water level in a Borewell connected near to the field drops below the threshold level for irrigation and Field starts drying and also its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem. This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the Borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely ‘switch on’ or ‘switch off’ the pump motor by sending a sms from mobile phone.
Busbar Blocking System
This document discusses busbar blocking systems for power system protection. It explains that while busbars were often left unprotected in the past due to reliability and coordination challenges, busbar blocking technology can now provide fast and selective protection. The document outlines the requirements, types of protection, and operation of busbar blocking schemes. It provides examples of how busbar blocking is applied using overcurrent relays and communications between relays to block tripping during feeder faults but allow fast tripping for busbar faults. Busbar blocking provides benefits like faster fault clearing and minimal additional cost compared to relying on upstream feeder protection alone.
Genrator Relay Protection & Logics
This document discusses the main components and construction of generators, how generators produce power, and generator protection systems. It describes the rotor, stator, and other main generator parts. It explains how generators work using the principle of electromagnetic induction. It then discusses various electrical, system, and mechanical faults that can occur in generators. Finally, it provides details on primary, backup, and different classes of protection systems for generators, including differential protection, earth fault protection, loss of excitation protection, and more.
Basic knowledge of ldo voltage regulators
CMOS linear regulators have advantages over bipolar linear regulators such as lower supply current, smaller size, and lower dropout voltage. They are widely used in battery-powered portable electronics due to their ability to maximize battery life. CMOS linear regulators typically consist of a reference voltage source, error amplifier, output transistor, and other protection circuits. Key performance aspects are low supply current, high output current capability, high input/output voltage range, high ripple rejection rate, and low dropout voltage. CMOS linear regulators are available in various configurations to suit different applications and their performance continues to improve through technological advancements.
Why Dc Power
1) DC power supplies and backup batteries provide a reliable power source for telecom equipment and ensure continued operation even when main power fails.
2) DC power is needed because telecom equipment uses DC and batteries can only be charged with DC power, which is produced from AC mains by a rectifier system.
3) When the mains power fails, the batteries supply power to the telecom equipment until mains power is restored, at which point the rectifier system recharges the batteries.
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Lam dp1 brochure
This document summarizes an unregulated power supply series. The power supplies contain all components needed to convert AC to DC voltage in a compact DIN rail-mountable case. They can accept single or three phase input and include status indicators. Some models have additional braking resistor control circuitry to dissipate excess energy during device braking.
Project report on gsm based borewell water level monitor
PROJECT REPORT
If the water level in a borewell drops below the threshold level for pumping, its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely switch on or switch off the pump motor by sending an SMS from his mobile phone. The system is simple, reliable, portable and affordable.
Busbar configuarations
This document discusses various busbar arrangements used in substations including:
- Single busbar system
- Single bus with sectionaliser system
- Double busbar system
- One and half breaker system
It provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the different busbar configurations adopted by the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation (APTRANSCO) at various voltage levels.
water level monitor using gsm
In a Farming Field area, there is a need of proper water supply to prevent it from drying and avoiding the over flow condition. If the water level in a Borewell connected near to the field drops below the threshold level for irrigation and Field starts drying and also its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem. This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the Borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely ‘switch on’ or ‘switch off’ the pump motor by sending a sms from mobile phone.
Busbar Blocking System
This document discusses busbar blocking systems for power system protection. It explains that while busbars were often left unprotected in the past due to reliability and coordination challenges, busbar blocking technology can now provide fast and selective protection. The document outlines the requirements, types of protection, and operation of busbar blocking schemes. It provides examples of how busbar blocking is applied using overcurrent relays and communications between relays to block tripping during feeder faults but allow fast tripping for busbar faults. Busbar blocking provides benefits like faster fault clearing and minimal additional cost compared to relying on upstream feeder protection alone.
Genrator Relay Protection & Logics
This document discusses the main components and construction of generators, how generators produce power, and generator protection systems. It describes the rotor, stator, and other main generator parts. It explains how generators work using the principle of electromagnetic induction. It then discusses various electrical, system, and mechanical faults that can occur in generators. Finally, it provides details on primary, backup, and different classes of protection systems for generators, including differential protection, earth fault protection, loss of excitation protection, and more.
Basic knowledge of ldo voltage regulators
CMOS linear regulators have advantages over bipolar linear regulators such as lower supply current, smaller size, and lower dropout voltage. They are widely used in battery-powered portable electronics due to their ability to maximize battery life. CMOS linear regulators typically consist of a reference voltage source, error amplifier, output transistor, and other protection circuits. Key performance aspects are low supply current, high output current capability, high input/output voltage range, high ripple rejection rate, and low dropout voltage. CMOS linear regulators are available in various configurations to suit different applications and their performance continues to improve through technological advancements.
Why Dc Power
1) DC power supplies and backup batteries provide a reliable power source for telecom equipment and ensure continued operation even when main power fails.
2) DC power is needed because telecom equipment uses DC and batteries can only be charged with DC power, which is produced from AC mains by a rectifier system.
3) When the mains power fails, the batteries supply power to the telecom equipment until mains power is restored, at which point the rectifier system recharges the batteries.
automatic water level controlling using gsm system
This document provides information about a water level controller project using a GSM module. It senses the water level using sensors connected to a microcontroller. If the level is low/high, the microcontroller signals the motor to turn on/off via a motor driver. Simultaneously, the GSM module sends a message to the user about the motor status and water level. The hardware components include an AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD, motor, sensors, GSM modem, and power supply. It is designed to reduce water and power wastage by automating the motor control.
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...
The project was aimed to prevent failures due to some faults which can be temporary or permanent in 3-phase power supply .
The purpose of our project was to develop an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase supply system. The project output resets automatically after a brief interruption in the event temporary fault while it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent fault.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING:SWITCHYARD STUDY
The switchyard functions to transmit power from generating stations to the electrical grid at incoming voltages and allow for switching via switchgears. It interfaces between the power plant and grid. There are two main types of switchyards: air insulated and gas insulated. The switchyard contains various equipment like busbars to distribute power, insulators to support conductors, surge arresters to protect from overvoltage, isolators to isolate lines, wave traps to prevent communication interference, and circuit breakers and relays to isolate faulty lines. Differential protection relays compare currents at the boundaries of protected equipment like power lines or transformers to accurately and quickly detect internal faults.
Dg synchronisation process
The document describes an automatic synchronization and load sharing system between two diesel generator sets. When the mains power fails, the master generator set is started and picks up the load once its voltage is healthy. If the load reaches 80% of the first generator's capacity, the second generator is automatically started. Load is then shared between the two generators proportionally to their capacities. The generators continue to run in synchronization until the load drops below 80% of one generator's capacity.
Serial 3 Channel AC 230V SSR and Dimmer
The board can be used in application where dimming of 110-220v AC power is required like dimming of bulb or fan.The board can be control with Serial data from any microcontroller 0-100% dimming or ON/OFF control Main power(230v) completely isolated from microcontroller.
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The document describes the key components of an RF generation chain, including a distribution board that routes RF signals and power to individual power amplifier modules, and power amplifiers that produce RF power in an H-bridge configuration with high efficiency. It also mentions adaptation units that combine and match RF lines, and RF filter units with matching circuits and low-pass filters to filter outputs.
Functions and performance requirements of excitation systems
The document discusses synchronous generator excitation systems. It describes how excitation current determines the strength of the magnetic field and induces voltage at the generator terminals. It also explains that voltage regulators increase excitation current to maintain constant voltage as load increases. The main types of excitation systems are DC, AC, and static systems. Digital excitation systems offer advantages like easier processing and high reliability. Components of excitation systems include the exciter, regulator, voltage transducer, power system stabilizer, and protective circuits.
presentation on substation layout and BUS bar arrangement.
This document provides details on substation layout and busbar arrangements. Part A discusses substation layout, including a single line diagram and descriptions of common switchyard accessories like lightning arrestors, CVTs, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and other equipment. It also covers PLCC and SCADA systems. Part B covers various busbar arrangements like the single bus system, double bus system, one and a half breaker system, and ring main bus system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration. In summary, the document is a technical report that outlines and compares different substation and busbar designs.
Basic Protection of transformer using microcontroller based relay
This is basic & easy concept of transformer protection by using the micro controller based relay for small transformers
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
This document describes a system for controlling the speed of an AC motor remotely using a mobile phone and DTMF signaling. An embedded controller is used along with a DTMF decoder to receive digit tones from the mobile phone and control the speed of the motor. The system allows the motor to be turned on/off and its speed varied by pressing buttons on the mobile phone. The document discusses the components used, including the DTMF decoder, embedded controller, motor control circuitry, and an LCD display to show the motor status. It provides block diagrams of the system and descriptions of how it operates to remotely control the AC motor speed via DTMF tones sent from a mobile phone.
Ldo basic
This document provides an overview of low dropout regulators (LDOs) and discusses several key concepts:
1. It defines dropout voltage as the minimum input-output voltage differential required for an LDO to maintain regulation. Dropout occurs when the input voltage drops below this threshold.
2. The document explains that an LDO's architecture (PMOS vs NMOS) determines dropout voltage. PMOS LDOs have lower dropout at higher output voltages while NMOS LDOs can achieve ultra-low dropout with the use of an auxiliary bias rail or internal charge pump.
3. Several variables affect an LDO's dropout voltage, including output current, temperature, and output tolerance requirements. Proper selection of
Switch yard & Protection
This document provides information about the construction, components, testing, operation, protection and maintenance of a 132kV switchyard. It includes details about the bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, wave traps, isolators, control and protection schemes. The key components of the switchyard are described along with their ratings and testing procedures. The operational modes and protection philosophy are also summarized.
8 fault-analysis-and-electrical
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a microcontroller-based system to monitor and protect electric distribution transformers. The system would detect faults like single line-ground faults, line-to-line faults, double line-ground faults, overvoltage, and undervoltage. It would send fault alerts via GSM network to a control station. A user interface using MATLAB would display the distribution system status. The aim is to minimize equipment damage from faults and improve power distribution monitoring and management. Key components include step-down transformers, a microcontroller, GSM module, and bridge rectifier.
Digital phase changer ppt
The document describes a digital phase selector project that was presented. It automatically selects the available power phase line when one fails to prevent equipment damage from a manual changeover. The circuit uses phase sensing, control logic and a relay driver. It prioritizes power phases in the order of R, Y, B, and then inverter backup. When a phase is detected, the control logic activates the corresponding relay to switch the load to that line.
RADIAL FEEDER PROTECTION PANEL DEVELOPMENT
This document summarizes a presentation on radial feeder protection concepts. It discusses the components of a radial feeder distribution system and protective schemes to avoid malfunctions. It then describes the setup of a radial feeder protection panel that students can use to learn fundamentals of protection. Electromechanical relays, wiring diagrams, and photos of the physical panel are shown. The conclusion discusses how faults can be protected against and how the hands-on project helps students understand basic protection terminology.
Velodyne VLP-16 and HDL-32 Interface Box
The interface box contains circuitry to protect sensors from over and reverse voltage by kicking in protections at 34V and 0.6V that will blow the 3A fuse. When integrating sensors into a custom system, similar circuit protections must be included to prevent damage. The sensors can synchronize data with an external GPS/INS system using a pulse-per-second signal and $GPRMC NMEA message issued at 9600 baud on specified terminals.
Substation
1. The document summarizes the key components and functions of a 132KV Gomal University Grid station substation. It describes equipment like incoming transmission lines at 132KV, transformers to step down voltage, circuit breakers, switch gears, isolators, lighting arresters, capacitor banks, bus bars, cables, and insulators.
2. The substation contains a control room with auxiliary panels, relay panels, and control panels to monitor and protect the overall system. It also has a switch gear room and DC battery room.
3. Power enters the substation via high voltage transmission lines, is stepped down by transformers, then exits to distribution lines at lower voltages to deliver electricity to customers. The substation monitors
BUS BAR PROTECTION PPT BY:-R.K.PANDIT
Bus bars are the nerve center of a power system where various circuits are connected. Differential protection is suitable for bus bars since terminals are near each other, allowing comparison of current entering and leaving via CTs. Any difference signals an internal fault and causes the relay coil to trip circuit breakers on both sides, isolating the bus. CT ratios for bus differential schemes equal the maximum feeder current divided by 1 or 5 amps. External faults may cause maloperation if a CT saturates, but a stabilizing resistance can restrain the relay. Dot convention defines the direction of current flow in CT secondaries. Only class PS CTs should be used to avoid undesired difference currents. Differential protection is important to protect bus bars
dn542fa_web
The LTM4675 is a dual 9A or single 18A step-down DC/DC regulator featuring remote configurability and telemetry monitoring over a PMBus interface. It has a wide input voltage range of 5.75V to 17V and can provide adjustable output voltages from 0.5V to 5.5V with ±0.5% accuracy. Key features include digital control of output voltage and sequencing, current sharing capability for high current applications, and monitoring of system parameters over the PMBus interface.
Synchronization of single phase power converters to grid
1. The document discusses synchronization of single-phase power converters to the electric grid. Grid synchronization is important as more renewable energy sources connect directly to local distribution grids.
2. There are two main grid synchronization methods - frequency-domain detection and time-domain detection. Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are commonly used for time-domain detection.
3. The basic structure of a PLL contains a phase detector, loop filter, and voltage-controlled oscillator. An in-quadrature signal is needed at the phase detector input to eliminate double-frequency oscillations in the phase error signal.
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This document provides steps to upgrade a Node B/RBS from an existing software version to a new version:
1. Activate the FTP server and configure the client IP to connect to the server.
2. Go to the "Software" menu, select "Upgrade Package", create a package with the new software information, and install the package.
3. Verify the upgrade, upgrade the node through a soft upgrade, and confirm the upgrade.
4. Create a new CV, restart the node with the new CV to complete the upgrade process.
Mini link tn-etsi_technical1
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What's hot
automatic water level controlling using gsm system
This document provides information about a water level controller project using a GSM module. It senses the water level using sensors connected to a microcontroller. If the level is low/high, the microcontroller signals the motor to turn on/off via a motor driver. Simultaneously, the GSM module sends a message to the user about the motor status and water level. The hardware components include an AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD, motor, sensors, GSM modem, and power supply. It is designed to reduce water and power wastage by automating the motor control.
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...
The project was aimed to prevent failures due to some faults which can be temporary or permanent in 3-phase power supply .
The purpose of our project was to develop an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase supply system. The project output resets automatically after a brief interruption in the event temporary fault while it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent fault.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING:SWITCHYARD STUDY
The switchyard functions to transmit power from generating stations to the electrical grid at incoming voltages and allow for switching via switchgears. It interfaces between the power plant and grid. There are two main types of switchyards: air insulated and gas insulated. The switchyard contains various equipment like busbars to distribute power, insulators to support conductors, surge arresters to protect from overvoltage, isolators to isolate lines, wave traps to prevent communication interference, and circuit breakers and relays to isolate faulty lines. Differential protection relays compare currents at the boundaries of protected equipment like power lines or transformers to accurately and quickly detect internal faults.
Dg synchronisation process
The document describes an automatic synchronization and load sharing system between two diesel generator sets. When the mains power fails, the master generator set is started and picks up the load once its voltage is healthy. If the load reaches 80% of the first generator's capacity, the second generator is automatically started. Load is then shared between the two generators proportionally to their capacities. The generators continue to run in synchronization until the load drops below 80% of one generator's capacity.
Serial 3 Channel AC 230V SSR and Dimmer
The board can be used in application where dimming of 110-220v AC power is required like dimming of bulb or fan.The board can be control with Serial data from any microcontroller 0-100% dimming or ON/OFF control Main power(230v) completely isolated from microcontroller.
Principle of rf generation
The document describes the key components of an RF generation chain, including a distribution board that routes RF signals and power to individual power amplifier modules, and power amplifiers that produce RF power in an H-bridge configuration with high efficiency. It also mentions adaptation units that combine and match RF lines, and RF filter units with matching circuits and low-pass filters to filter outputs.
Functions and performance requirements of excitation systems
The document discusses synchronous generator excitation systems. It describes how excitation current determines the strength of the magnetic field and induces voltage at the generator terminals. It also explains that voltage regulators increase excitation current to maintain constant voltage as load increases. The main types of excitation systems are DC, AC, and static systems. Digital excitation systems offer advantages like easier processing and high reliability. Components of excitation systems include the exciter, regulator, voltage transducer, power system stabilizer, and protective circuits.
presentation on substation layout and BUS bar arrangement.
This document provides details on substation layout and busbar arrangements. Part A discusses substation layout, including a single line diagram and descriptions of common switchyard accessories like lightning arrestors, CVTs, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and other equipment. It also covers PLCC and SCADA systems. Part B covers various busbar arrangements like the single bus system, double bus system, one and a half breaker system, and ring main bus system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration. In summary, the document is a technical report that outlines and compares different substation and busbar designs.
Basic Protection of transformer using microcontroller based relay
This is basic & easy concept of transformer protection by using the micro controller based relay for small transformers
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
This document describes a system for controlling the speed of an AC motor remotely using a mobile phone and DTMF signaling. An embedded controller is used along with a DTMF decoder to receive digit tones from the mobile phone and control the speed of the motor. The system allows the motor to be turned on/off and its speed varied by pressing buttons on the mobile phone. The document discusses the components used, including the DTMF decoder, embedded controller, motor control circuitry, and an LCD display to show the motor status. It provides block diagrams of the system and descriptions of how it operates to remotely control the AC motor speed via DTMF tones sent from a mobile phone.
Ldo basic
This document provides an overview of low dropout regulators (LDOs) and discusses several key concepts:
1. It defines dropout voltage as the minimum input-output voltage differential required for an LDO to maintain regulation. Dropout occurs when the input voltage drops below this threshold.
2. The document explains that an LDO's architecture (PMOS vs NMOS) determines dropout voltage. PMOS LDOs have lower dropout at higher output voltages while NMOS LDOs can achieve ultra-low dropout with the use of an auxiliary bias rail or internal charge pump.
3. Several variables affect an LDO's dropout voltage, including output current, temperature, and output tolerance requirements. Proper selection of
Switch yard & Protection
This document provides information about the construction, components, testing, operation, protection and maintenance of a 132kV switchyard. It includes details about the bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, wave traps, isolators, control and protection schemes. The key components of the switchyard are described along with their ratings and testing procedures. The operational modes and protection philosophy are also summarized.
8 fault-analysis-and-electrical
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a microcontroller-based system to monitor and protect electric distribution transformers. The system would detect faults like single line-ground faults, line-to-line faults, double line-ground faults, overvoltage, and undervoltage. It would send fault alerts via GSM network to a control station. A user interface using MATLAB would display the distribution system status. The aim is to minimize equipment damage from faults and improve power distribution monitoring and management. Key components include step-down transformers, a microcontroller, GSM module, and bridge rectifier.
Digital phase changer ppt
The document describes a digital phase selector project that was presented. It automatically selects the available power phase line when one fails to prevent equipment damage from a manual changeover. The circuit uses phase sensing, control logic and a relay driver. It prioritizes power phases in the order of R, Y, B, and then inverter backup. When a phase is detected, the control logic activates the corresponding relay to switch the load to that line.
RADIAL FEEDER PROTECTION PANEL DEVELOPMENT
This document summarizes a presentation on radial feeder protection concepts. It discusses the components of a radial feeder distribution system and protective schemes to avoid malfunctions. It then describes the setup of a radial feeder protection panel that students can use to learn fundamentals of protection. Electromechanical relays, wiring diagrams, and photos of the physical panel are shown. The conclusion discusses how faults can be protected against and how the hands-on project helps students understand basic protection terminology.
Velodyne VLP-16 and HDL-32 Interface Box
The interface box contains circuitry to protect sensors from over and reverse voltage by kicking in protections at 34V and 0.6V that will blow the 3A fuse. When integrating sensors into a custom system, similar circuit protections must be included to prevent damage. The sensors can synchronize data with an external GPS/INS system using a pulse-per-second signal and $GPRMC NMEA message issued at 9600 baud on specified terminals.
Substation
1. The document summarizes the key components and functions of a 132KV Gomal University Grid station substation. It describes equipment like incoming transmission lines at 132KV, transformers to step down voltage, circuit breakers, switch gears, isolators, lighting arresters, capacitor banks, bus bars, cables, and insulators.
2. The substation contains a control room with auxiliary panels, relay panels, and control panels to monitor and protect the overall system. It also has a switch gear room and DC battery room.
3. Power enters the substation via high voltage transmission lines, is stepped down by transformers, then exits to distribution lines at lower voltages to deliver electricity to customers. The substation monitors
BUS BAR PROTECTION PPT BY:-R.K.PANDIT
Bus bars are the nerve center of a power system where various circuits are connected. Differential protection is suitable for bus bars since terminals are near each other, allowing comparison of current entering and leaving via CTs. Any difference signals an internal fault and causes the relay coil to trip circuit breakers on both sides, isolating the bus. CT ratios for bus differential schemes equal the maximum feeder current divided by 1 or 5 amps. External faults may cause maloperation if a CT saturates, but a stabilizing resistance can restrain the relay. Dot convention defines the direction of current flow in CT secondaries. Only class PS CTs should be used to avoid undesired difference currents. Differential protection is important to protect bus bars
dn542fa_web
The LTM4675 is a dual 9A or single 18A step-down DC/DC regulator featuring remote configurability and telemetry monitoring over a PMBus interface. It has a wide input voltage range of 5.75V to 17V and can provide adjustable output voltages from 0.5V to 5.5V with ±0.5% accuracy. Key features include digital control of output voltage and sequencing, current sharing capability for high current applications, and monitoring of system parameters over the PMBus interface.
Synchronization of single phase power converters to grid
1. The document discusses synchronization of single-phase power converters to the electric grid. Grid synchronization is important as more renewable energy sources connect directly to local distribution grids.
2. There are two main grid synchronization methods - frequency-domain detection and time-domain detection. Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are commonly used for time-domain detection.
3. The basic structure of a PLL contains a phase detector, loop filter, and voltage-controlled oscillator. An in-quadrature signal is needed at the phase detector input to eliminate double-frequency oscillations in the phase error signal.
What's hot (20)
automatic water level controlling using gsm system
automatic water level controlling using gsm system
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...
Functions and performance requirements of excitation systems
Functions and performance requirements of excitation systems
presentation on substation layout and BUS bar arrangement.
presentation on substation layout and BUS bar arrangement.
Basic Protection of transformer using microcontroller based relay
Basic Protection of transformer using microcontroller based relay
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
Synchronization of single phase power converters to grid
Synchronization of single phase power converters to grid
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2. Go to the "Software" menu, select "Upgrade Package", create a package with the new software information, and install the package.
3. Verify the upgrade, upgrade the node through a soft upgrade, and confirm the upgrade.
4. Create a new CV, restart the node with the new CV to complete the upgrade process.
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