Judith Bates (Ricardo-AEA) joined the New Energy Forum Event to provide an expert overview of advanced feedstocks and production technologies for both road transport and aviation biofuels.
Overview of technologies
–Production of biofuels from oils
–Biochemical routes
–Thermochemical routes
•Lignocellulosic feedstocks
•Microalgae
Glycerol can be produced by using different processes and feedstocks. For example, it can be obtained by propylene synthesis via several pathways [8], by hydrolysis of oil or by transesterification of fatty acids/oils.
Judith Bates (Ricardo-AEA) joined the New Energy Forum Event to provide an expert overview of advanced feedstocks and production technologies for both road transport and aviation biofuels.
Overview of technologies
–Production of biofuels from oils
–Biochemical routes
–Thermochemical routes
•Lignocellulosic feedstocks
•Microalgae
Glycerol can be produced by using different processes and feedstocks. For example, it can be obtained by propylene synthesis via several pathways [8], by hydrolysis of oil or by transesterification of fatty acids/oils.
This presentation gives a brief introduction of Vitamin C. It Covers it's various application and uses in various industry and health care. Also, describe the main industrial process for the production of Vitamin C.
L-Glutamate Production by Corynebacterium glutamicumBibrita Bhar
L-Glutamaic acid is used as a seasoning because it imparts taste, umami. In addition, it is increasingly popular as a potential building block in the production of useful chemicals. Since 1957, glutamate has been industrially produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Ethanol is nowadays is being regarded as a beverage as well as an important bio fuel. But how is it prepared? It's method of production i.e Fermentation is the key. This presentation has all what you need to know about ethanol fermentation.
Glycerol is a chemical compound that is generally non-toxic, sweet tasting, vicious liquid. Glycerol is completely soluble in water and alcohol.Glycerol was first obtained as a bi-product of soap manufacture through saponification of fats. Glycerine is used in the cosmetics and medicinal industries.
Effect of Glucose on Biosurfactant Production using Bacterial Isolates from O...ijtsrd
The demand for biosurfactants is gradually increasing and are thus substituting their chemically synthesized counterparts 14 . The production of biosurfactants commercially requires high expenses. For the production of biosurfactant proper optimization of the physico-chemical parameters is very important. Hence the research was conducted to study the effect of glucose as a carbon source for production of biosurfactant using bacterial isolates from oil contaminated sites in MSM medium. Anjali Sharma "Effect of Glucose on Biosurfactant Production using Bacterial Isolates from Oil Contaminated Sites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19033.pdf Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/19033/effect-of-glucose-on-biosurfactant-production-using-bacterial-isolates-from-oil-contaminated-sites/anjali-sharma
Biodiesel Production from waste Oil with Micro-Scale Biodiesel System Under L...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The aim of this project is to produce biodiesel from waste oil. The use of vegetable oils as diesel fuel started with the invention of diesel engines in the 1900s and is also common in many countries today. The fact that the oils used in biodiesel production are also an important input of the food industry is a limiting factor in production. For this reason, it is aimed to produce biodiesel from waste oil which can not be assessed in food production in this study. The most important contribution of the study to biodiesel researches is the establishment of a small-capacity biodiesel unit in laboratory conditions. The waste oils from the food production facilities of Namık Kemal University (NKU) have been collected and biodiesel has been produced using two different experimental methods. The analyses that determine the quality of the biodiesel samples have been carried out by Energy Agriculture Research Center of Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute in Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the biodiesel fuel obtained by the B-1 method using KOH as a catalyst conforms to the standards and can be used with confidence in diesel engines.
This presentation gives a brief introduction of Vitamin C. It Covers it's various application and uses in various industry and health care. Also, describe the main industrial process for the production of Vitamin C.
L-Glutamate Production by Corynebacterium glutamicumBibrita Bhar
L-Glutamaic acid is used as a seasoning because it imparts taste, umami. In addition, it is increasingly popular as a potential building block in the production of useful chemicals. Since 1957, glutamate has been industrially produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Ethanol is nowadays is being regarded as a beverage as well as an important bio fuel. But how is it prepared? It's method of production i.e Fermentation is the key. This presentation has all what you need to know about ethanol fermentation.
Glycerol is a chemical compound that is generally non-toxic, sweet tasting, vicious liquid. Glycerol is completely soluble in water and alcohol.Glycerol was first obtained as a bi-product of soap manufacture through saponification of fats. Glycerine is used in the cosmetics and medicinal industries.
Effect of Glucose on Biosurfactant Production using Bacterial Isolates from O...ijtsrd
The demand for biosurfactants is gradually increasing and are thus substituting their chemically synthesized counterparts 14 . The production of biosurfactants commercially requires high expenses. For the production of biosurfactant proper optimization of the physico-chemical parameters is very important. Hence the research was conducted to study the effect of glucose as a carbon source for production of biosurfactant using bacterial isolates from oil contaminated sites in MSM medium. Anjali Sharma "Effect of Glucose on Biosurfactant Production using Bacterial Isolates from Oil Contaminated Sites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19033.pdf Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/19033/effect-of-glucose-on-biosurfactant-production-using-bacterial-isolates-from-oil-contaminated-sites/anjali-sharma
Biodiesel Production from waste Oil with Micro-Scale Biodiesel System Under L...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- The aim of this project is to produce biodiesel from waste oil. The use of vegetable oils as diesel fuel started with the invention of diesel engines in the 1900s and is also common in many countries today. The fact that the oils used in biodiesel production are also an important input of the food industry is a limiting factor in production. For this reason, it is aimed to produce biodiesel from waste oil which can not be assessed in food production in this study. The most important contribution of the study to biodiesel researches is the establishment of a small-capacity biodiesel unit in laboratory conditions. The waste oils from the food production facilities of Namık Kemal University (NKU) have been collected and biodiesel has been produced using two different experimental methods. The analyses that determine the quality of the biodiesel samples have been carried out by Energy Agriculture Research Center of Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute in Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the biodiesel fuel obtained by the B-1 method using KOH as a catalyst conforms to the standards and can be used with confidence in diesel engines.
Experimental Investigation on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel E...ijtsrd
In this study, experimental investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine was carried out using Palm oil Shea butter oil biodiesel as fuel. The two vegetable oils, Shea butter SB and Palm oil PO were blended in the proportion 25 75 , 50 50 , and 75 25 v v. The transesterification of the blended oils were carried out using ethanol, with potassium hydroxide as catalyst. Abdul Musa | L. T. Tuleun | J. S. Ibrahim | G. B. Nyior "Experimental Investigation on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Palm Oil/Shea Butter Oil Blends Biodiesels" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42486.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42486/experimental-investigation-on-performance-and-exhaust-emissions-of-a-diesel-engine-fueled-with-palm-oilshea-butter-oil-blends-biodiesels/abdul-musa
Effect of Oil Extraction Method on the Functional Properties of Biodiesels of...ijtsrd
Owing to the rise in demand for petroleum and environmental concerns, the search for alternative fuels has gained prominence. This study examined the effect of the method of extraction of the base oil on the functional properties of biodiesel produced from Jatropha, Yellow oleander and Castor oilseeds. The study revealed that the method of extraction had significant effect on the properties of the oil extracted and hence the biodiesel produced from the oil. Hydrogenation during oven heating after solvent extraction affected the unsaturation of the base oils and the biodiesels produced from them. The kinematic viscosities of the biodiesel samples obtained from the oil samples extracted by solvent extraction were generally higher than those obtained from the oil samples extracted by mechanical extraction. The flash and fire points of the biodiesel samples obtained from the oil samples extracted by solvent extraction were higher than that obtained from the oil samples extracted by mechanical extraction. The pour points of the biodiesels produced from the oils extracted by mechanical extraction were lower than those produced from the oils extracted by solvent extraction. Gbashi M. Samuel | Yanshio T. Emmauel | Kingsley N. Nwankwo "Effect of Oil Extraction Method on the Functional Properties of Biodiesels of Selected Oilseeds" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25252.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25252/effect-of-oil-extraction-method-on-the-functional-properties-of-biodiesels-of-selected-oilseeds/gbashi-m-samuel
The Production of Biodiesel from Human Faeces – A Constituent of Sewage Sludg...ijtsrd
The Lipid oil was extracted from reduced dried primary sewage sludge particle using soxh let extraction method with the mixture of chloroform and n hexane in ratio 2 1 as the extracting solvent. The extracted oil was transesterified to produce biodiesel. The lipid gave 7.969 percentage yield with density of 0.855g ml, specific gravity value of 0.855. The chemical analyses revealed acid value of 0.84mg NaOH g, free fatty acid value of 0.40 and saponification value was 1.30mg. The lipid oil was brownish black in colour with a pungent smell. The physicochemical analyses of the biodiesel produced gave a percentage yield of 32 biodiesel, density of 0.834Kg ml, pH value of 8.97, specific gravity of 0.834, acid value of 0.29mg KOH g,saponification value of 1.30 mg, free fatty acid value of 0.145 It is thus apparent that the feedstock primary sewage sludge may be a good source for the production of biodiesel. Ivwurie, W | Ekekhor, I. M "The Production of Biodiesel from Human Faeces – A Constituent of Sewage Sludge using Chloroform and N-Hexane" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33359.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/33359/the-production-of-biodiesel-from-human-faeces-–-a-constituent-of-sewage-sludge-using-chloroform-and-nhexane/ivwurie-w
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Pilot scale biodiesel production
1. Course Title: Biofuels and Biorefinery
Presented By: Huroom Aslam
Submitted To: Dr Zainab
2. Pilot scale biodiesel production from microbial oil of
Rhodosporidium
toruloides DEBB 5533 using sugarcane juice:
Performance in dieand preliminary economic study
3. INTRODUCTION
Biodiesel is a fuel derived from renewable biomass.
Main alternative to fossil fuel and received attention from all over the
world.
Biodiesel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking
oils, lipids of yeast and microalgae.
Chemically, biodiesel can be defined as:
“Fuel alkyl esters of long-chain carboxylic acids, produced from the
transesterification and/or esterification of vegetable, animal or
microbial fats and greases” 3
4. CONT…
Biofuel does not contribute to atmospheric CO2 emissions.
It is highly biodegradable therefore, has minimal toxicity.
Global biodiesel production increased 13% to 29.4 billion liters in
2014.
The top-producing countries were
United States (60 billion liters)
Brazil (29.9 billion liters)
Germany (4.3 billion liters)
China (3.9 billion liters)
Argentina (3.6 billion liters).
4
5. CONT…
Brazil is the lead producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in world.
It is expected that 658 million tons will be harvested in 2015 and 2016.
Its products and sub-products are widely used in the production of:
Sugar
Alcohol
Heat
Electricity
Biodiesel and bioplastic 5
6. CONT…
Sugarcane juice, popularly known as ‘‘garapa,” contains:
15% (w/w) of fermentable sugars, an excellent substrate for microbial oil
production.
Biodiesel produced by yeast is
Sustainable
More efficient and similar production costs than biodiesel from oilseeds
Strains grow quickly, and produce larger quantities of neutral lipid
6
7. CONT…
This work presents
A promising alternative for biodiesel production
Technology of SCO, with the non-GMO yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides
Grown in low-cost sugarcane media
Experimental procedures included
i. Biomass production process development and scale-up
ii. Cell separation and disruption for intracellular oil extraction and
purification
iii. Microbial oil conversion to biodiesel
iv. Biodiesel purification and its performance in diesel engine tests.
7
9. I. Strain For Microbial Oil Synthesis
Rhodosporidium toruloides DEBB 5533 strain is a (non-GMO).
Inoculum medium
Incubated at 32 ⁰C at 180 rpm for 12 h
Serial inoculum propagations at
10 mL, 150 mL, and 1000 mL.
Sugarcane-based medium (40 g/L)
Nitrogen source (urea)
pH was adjusted to 5.0
9
10. II. Rhodosporidium toruloides DEBB 5533 Biomass
Production
Oil production was initially conducted in 5L , 25L and 500L volumes
Fermentation carried out under fed-batch operational conditions
After 24 h
Bioreactor was fed with a carbon source (sugarcane juice)
After 48 h
Fermentation biomass settled down to the bottom until the concentration
reached 120 g/L.
10
11. III. Cell Disruption And Microbial Oil Recovery
Microbial oil recovery
carried out
Cell disruption by a chemical hydrolysis method using mineral acids
50 ⁰C under agitation of 60 rpm
(After cell lysis) Medium with cells (the lipoproteic fraction)
sent to
Separation unit 11
12. IV. Biooil Oil Extraction
Lower phase
recovered
Micelles
sent
Solvent evaporation
unit
Upper phase
(extracted
fraction) 20% of
incorporated micelles
separated by
Centrifugation
Centrifuged mass
(contained some
amount of oil )
re-extracted with
solvent
▪ Biooil extraction took place in three stages:
12
13. V. Separation Of Micelles
Reboiler
2 ml sample withdrawn (every 5 min)
3 samples show same concentration of oil
recovered
Solvent
subsequent extraction
Oil reserved 13
14. VI. Biooil Analyses
Analyses of microbial oil were performed via:
Peroxide value (PV) in the oil
Iodine Index (II) in the oil
Free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil
Saponification number (SN)
Gas chromatography
14
15. VII. Biooil Conversion To Biodiesel
Conversion of microbial oil to biodiesel involved
i. Acid Esterification (first stage)
Here conversion of all triglycerides into free fatty acids takes place
ii. Transesterification (second stage)
iii. Methanol and sodium hydroxide were added to the reactor
98%
fatty acid
esters
15
16. VIII. Recovery And Analysis Of Esters
Esters were purified by 2 operations:
i. An extraction with water washing
ii. Addition of selective adsorbent material
Sedimentation started
supernatant centrifuged purified esters at the top
adsorbent retained in bottom
Esters then analysed by standards
16
17. IX. Engine Tests
Test of produced biodiesel as well as different fuels carried out in an
Agrale/M95W engine for:
Emissions
Consumption
Performance
Two different mixtures of biodiesel and diesel used for the tests:
B5 (5% biodiesel in mineral diesel)
B20 (20% biodiesel in petroleum diesel)
17
18. X. Economic Analysis
Based on
Costs of the medium
Energy involved in each step of the
Biooil and biodiesel production
18
27. CONCLUSIONS
Microbial oil from yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides DEBB 5533 attained:
High biomass
Biooil at low-cost medium based on sugarcane juice
Engine tests showed
Great performance
Lower pollutant emissions compared to biodiesel from soybean oil.
This process used grass (sugarcane) as raw material not a food-feed
product so estimated price of biodiesel is low. 27
29. 29
Reference
“Pilot scale biodiesel production from microbial oil of Rhodosporidium
toruloides DEBB 5533 using sugarcane juice: Performance in diesel
engine and preliminary economic study”
Carlos Ricardo Soccol , Carlos José Dalmas Neto , Vanete Thomaz Soccol , Eduardo
Bittencourt Sydney , Eduardo Scopel Ferreira da Costa , Adriane Bianchi Pedroni
Medeiros , Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe.
