Kinetic theory states that all particles of matter are constantly in motion. The state of a substance, such as solid, liquid, or gas, depends on factors like temperature and volume. When energy is added to a substance, its temperature or state can change. Density is a measure of the amount of matter present in a given volume and relates to kinetic theory by describing how closely packed particles are. Physical properties like viscosity, solubility, and malleability also depend on particle motion and interaction as described by kinetic theory.

1. Physical properties and kinetic theory
Kinetic theory or matter – States all particles of matter are constantly in motion.
State (Phase) of matter:
Q. What are two things that can happen when energy is added to a
substance?

2. A: Change of temperature or state

3. Volume
(Space Occupied)
Ex. Even concrete needs to expand due to heat. Expansion joints are created in
bridges and roads to allow for this natural adjustment.
Q: What are two ways to
measure volume?

4. Measuring Volume
• V=lwh
• Graduated Cylinder
• Fluid Displacement

5. Mass
(Amount of matter an object or substance
contains)
Q. What tool might be used to find the mass of
an object?

6. Balance

7. Density
Density – Amount of matter present in a certain volume.
Density = Mass/volume
Q: How does this relate to
kinetic theory?

8. Physical properties cont.
Viscosity
Tendency of a substance to resist flow
Results in slower or faster movement of substance particles.
Low energy = low heat = thickness and slow flow. Ex. (honey from refrigerator)
High energy= high heat = thinner and faster flow. Ex. (honey from microwave)
Kk
Substances get thicker as temperatures (energy amount) lower.
Substances get thinner as temperatures rise.

9. How does viscosity relate to kinetic
theory?
• Draw and label how the molecules of a viscous
substance might be different from a non-
viscous substance.

10. Solubility
(How a substance dissolves in a given volume of liquid.)
Ex. Salt or sugar dissolves much better than dirt in a given volume of
liquid
What happens to mud or dirt when It’s put in water?
Dirt in solvent(different properties than sugar)

11. NEW VOCABULARY!!
• Dissolving - disappearing visually in a solvent
• Solute – substance (usually a solid) being
dissolved in a liquid.
• Solvent – substance (usually a liquid) doing
the dissolving.

12. Think back to lab…
Temperature most definitely determines how
quickly something can dissolve!!
Sugar in hot coffee vs. cold coffee
Cold Solvent Hot Solvent

13. Malleability
Ability of a substance (usually metals) to be formed into different shapes without
breaking.
- Metals have many uses in the world because of this property.
- Can you name a few?

14. Physical Change
Any change that is made to a substances physical properties
- observed without changing the identity (internal makeup) of a
substance.
- Always ask yourself if the identity of the substance is the same
or not following a change.
What happens to water as it goes from liquid to a solid?
Is this a physical change or not ( a chemical change)?

15. Image Sources
• Teachersource.com
• Mrsdlovesscience.com
• www.123rf.com