Energy studyguide
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The document provides a study guide for an upcoming energy test that covers physical properties of matter, expansion and contraction, and energy transfer. It defines key terms like particle and kinetic energy. For the physical properties section, it asks about the spacing of particles in solids, liquids, and gases, as well as their relative speeds of movement. It also explains that increasing kinetic energy through temperature changes can cause materials to expand through particles spreading out, while decreasing kinetic energy can lead to contraction.
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The kinetic theory of matter proposes that all matter is composed of particles that are constantly moving, and that the temperature of matter is determined by the speed of its particles' motion. Specifically, it explains that particles in gases have the most space between them and can move freely, while particles in liquids and solids have less space between them and their movement is restricted by either a fixed volume or shape. According to the theory, raising the temperature of matter increases the speed at which its particles move.
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2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation occur when particles gain or lose enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces between them. Melting and boiling happen when particles break away from fixed positions and spread out. Freezing and condensation occur when particles slow down and settle into fixed positions.
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Redesign: Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules. How does this relate to fluorescent lighting? Gas Liquid
Solution
generally the ,
Solids - vibrational (and rotational); moving very slowly.
Liquids - vibrational, rotational, and translational; moving quickly.
Gases - vibrational, rotational, and translational; moving very quickly.
Explanation:
Particles are always moving. No matter what. There is a certain point where they move so slowly it is considered minuscule, but they are in fact moving.
Thus, in solids, liquids, and gases, you can expect particles to move in a certain trend. That trend is average kinetic energy of the particles and the forces holding them together (attraction).
Solids
When you have little to no heat, the particles are moving very slowly, so slowly that they atomic attractions result in bonds that are difficult to break without adding energy. At this stage, this is known as a solid.
In a solid, the particles are vibrating. Only some solids have the ability to rotate. They cannot translate regardless.
Liquids
When you add energy (heat) to a solid, you \"excite\" the particles so much that they break their bond; their attraction is too weak to hold them together - yet strong enough to keep a form
As a result, you get a liquid.
In a liquid, the particles are not only vibrating (their bonds are not present but they still vibrate), but they are also rotating and translating. The particles are moving much faster than in a solid.
Gases
When you add even more energy to the substance, you increase the kinetic energy of those particles so much, that they lose their state form, becoming a gas.
In a gas, particles have vibrational, rotational, and translational motion, allowing them to \"bounce\" off of one another. Particles in a gas state move much faster than a liquid.
Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle-like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles, called light photons, are the most basic units of light.
When the atom gains or loses energy, the change is expressed by the movement of electrons. When something passes energy on to an atom -- heat , for example -- an electron may be temporarily boosted to a higher orbital (farther away from the nucleus). The electron only holds this position for a tiny fraction of a second; almost immediately, it is drawn back toward the nucleus, to its original orbital. As it returns to its original orbital, the electron releases the extra energy in the form of a photon, in some cases a light photon
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The document describes the key points of the kinetic particle theory. It explains that kinetic particle theory views matter as being made up of tiny particles in constant random motion. It also describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of the arrangement and motion of particles. Specifically, it explains how the properties of each state, such as compressibility and ability to change shape, can be understood by considering the forces between particles and how tightly or loosely packed they are.
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. There are three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. The state that matter exists in depends on how closely or loosely packed the particles are and the strength of attraction between the particles. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have indefinite shapes and volumes. Matter can change between states, such as ice melting into water when heat is applied, changing the phase from solid to liquid.
Solids, Liquids and Gases
The document discusses the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that in solids, particles are close together and move slowly, holding a definite shape. In liquids, particles are farther apart and move faster than solids but not as fast as gases, taking the shape of their container. Gases have particles very far apart that move very quickly with no definite shape. It also defines the three phases of matter as solids, liquids, and gases and explains that adding or removing energy causes phase changes between them. When heated, particles in solids, liquids, and gases move faster, causing expansion.
States of Matter.pptx
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It is composed of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. Matter exists in three main states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on how the particles are arranged and how they move. In a solid, particles vibrate in place and don't move freely. In a liquid, particles can move past one another but are still close together. In a gas, particles move independently and are far apart. Matter can change from one state to another by gaining or losing energy, in processes like melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation. During a change of state, the temperature of the substance remains constant until the change is complete.
0708_matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together with little energy. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed with medium energy levels. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely with high energy. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles and extremely high energy. The state of matter depends on the energy of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
Properties and phase changes of matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together with little energy. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed with medium energy levels. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely with high energy. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles and extremely high energy. The state of matter depends on the energy of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
0708_matter and classification,states, phases of matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four main states: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed and flow around each other. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles. The state of matter depends on the energy level of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
Matter in our surroundings
This document discusses the four states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It describes the key properties of each state, including how tightly or loosely packed the particles are and their relative energy levels. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, while liquids take the shape of their container. Gases spread out evenly and have higher energy particles than liquids. Plasma has electrically charged particles and the highest energy. The document explains that adding or removing energy can change the state of matter as it causes particles to speed up or slow down. For example, adding energy to solids causes them to melt into liquids, and adding more energy turns liquids into gases.
C16 solids, liquids,-and_gases
This document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and the states of matter. It explains that according to kinetic theory, matter is composed of particles that are in constant, random motion and colliding with each other. The kinetic energy of the particles determines the state of matter, with solids having the least energy and gases having the most. It describes how heating and cooling can cause changes between solid, liquid, and gas states, and the energy absorbed or released during these phase changes. Thermal expansion of materials is also covered.
Collision Theory and Chemical Reaction Rate.pptx
1. Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient kinetic energy and be properly aligned.
2. Three factors that determine if a collision results in a chemical reaction are: the particles must collide with enough energy to break bonds (activation energy), collide with proper orientation, and come into contact with one another.
3. Reaction rate is a measure of how quickly or slowly a chemical reaction occurs and is affected by factors like concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts which influence the frequency and success of particle collisions.
Matter 1 2014
Matter is made up of tiny particles like atoms, molecules, and ions. There are three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - which are distinguished by the arrangement and movement of these particles. In solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement; in liquids, particles are loosely packed but take the shape of their container; and in gases, particles are very far apart and move randomly in all directions. Matter can change between these states through heating and cooling processes like melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, and sublimation which alter the kinetic energy of the particles. A graph of temperature over time can illustrate these phase changes.
5 physical properties of pharmaceutical material - copy
5 physical properties of pharmaceutical material - copyUniversity of Zambia, School of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
This document defines key terms and concepts related to the properties and classification of matter. It discusses the characteristics of matter such as mass, inertia, weight, density and gravity. It describes the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases - and classifies matter as either pure substances or mixtures. The document also distinguishes between physical properties, which can be observed without changing the identity of a substance, and chemical properties, which result in a new substance. Key concepts covered include phases of matter, viscosity, surface tension, phase changes, and the differences between physical and chemical changes. Interactive questions are provided to illustrate these fundamental chemistry concepts.Similar to Energy studyguide (20)
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Energy studyguide
- 1. Energy Study-guide Te st on Mon day !!
- 2. Physical Properties The particles in a solid are spaced_______ The particles in a liquid are spaced_______ The particles in a gas are spaced _________ The particles in a solid move at a _________ speed The particles in a liquid move at a _________ speed The particles in a gas move at a __________ speed (they really ________ in place).
- 3. Expansion and Contraction When the kinetic energy in particles increases, they expand or spread apart, which causes volume to increase, (can happen with increase in temp) When the kinetic energy in particles decrease, they contract or move closer together, which causes the volume to decrease (can happen with decrease in temp)
- 4. General Stuff What is a particle? What is kinetic energy? What are the physical properties of solids, liquid, and gases? (think in terms of particles)
- 5. Energy transfer I’m going to fully assess this on the next test.
Editor's Notes
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