Physical distribution involves efficiently moving finished goods from production to consumers. It is part of the larger distribution process, which also includes wholesale and retail. Key elements of efficient physical distribution include inventory planning and control, transportation, warehousing, order processing, and materials handling. Various transportation modes like trucking, rail, air, water, and pipelines are used depending on factors like cost, distance, and type of goods. Order processing directly impacts a business' ability to meet customer service standards. Technologies like barcoding and electronic data interchange help improve the efficiency of physical distribution and order processing.
Centralizing warehousing is a system where a retailer or its supplier maintains a single, central warehouse versus several facilities spread out to cover a territory. While a centralized approach may lead to longer lead times on orders, it does offer a number of benefits compared to decentralized warehousing.
Centralizing warehousing is a system where a retailer or its supplier maintains a single, central warehouse versus several facilities spread out to cover a territory. While a centralized approach may lead to longer lead times on orders, it does offer a number of benefits compared to decentralized warehousing.
Selection of Cold Chain Logistics Service Providers in Pharmaceutical Industr...ijmvsc
The article is about the selection and ranking of cold chain logistics service provider in pharmaceutical industry. For this study the diabetics drugs (Insulin) were taken for the cold chain, habitually and typically used in supplying insulin over different merchant.The insulin has to be kept, to be maintained and stored then given to merchants for the usage of customer requirement.The major objective of this paper is to select and rank alternative logistics service provider for the manufacturer, since there were many logistics service provider in India.This proper channels has to be properly done and maintained by the third party logistics provider, where from the multi criteria decision making purpose AHP and FAHP technique are to
be used for selecting the best service provider.
The presentation has covered the some of the important topics of the 'Logistics in manufacturing system' such as
1.0 History of logistics, 2.0 Logistics and value relationship, 3.0 Objectives of logistics system, 4.0 Warehouse function, types and objectives, 5.0 Logistics network planning, 6.0 In-house, third party and TMS (Transportation Management System) logistics services, 7.0 Green Logistics 8.0 Challenges of logistics system
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer's requirements
Centralizing warehousing is a system where a retailer or its provider keeps up a single, central warehouse versus a few offices spread out to cover a region. While a centralized approach may prompt longer lead times on orders, it offers various advantages compared to decentralize warehousing.
Presentation on Logistics and transportation Management, Objectives, Importan...Alex Rajput
Presentation on Logistics and transportation includes IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT, Objectives of Logistics Management, Functional Framework of Logistics Management, Elements and Functions of Logistics, Role of Transportation, Functions of transportation, Modes of Transportation, Factors influencing the Transportation, Warehousing, Functions of Warehousing, Distribution of warehousing, Inventory Management, Types of Inventory, Inventory Management and Control
A brief overview of logistics management covering the following: the aim of logistics, components of logistics, major functions of logistics and the phases of logistics management.
Selection of Cold Chain Logistics Service Providers in Pharmaceutical Industr...ijmvsc
The article is about the selection and ranking of cold chain logistics service provider in pharmaceutical industry. For this study the diabetics drugs (Insulin) were taken for the cold chain, habitually and typically used in supplying insulin over different merchant.The insulin has to be kept, to be maintained and stored then given to merchants for the usage of customer requirement.The major objective of this paper is to select and rank alternative logistics service provider for the manufacturer, since there were many logistics service provider in India.This proper channels has to be properly done and maintained by the third party logistics provider, where from the multi criteria decision making purpose AHP and FAHP technique are to
be used for selecting the best service provider.
The presentation has covered the some of the important topics of the 'Logistics in manufacturing system' such as
1.0 History of logistics, 2.0 Logistics and value relationship, 3.0 Objectives of logistics system, 4.0 Warehouse function, types and objectives, 5.0 Logistics network planning, 6.0 In-house, third party and TMS (Transportation Management System) logistics services, 7.0 Green Logistics 8.0 Challenges of logistics system
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer's requirements
Centralizing warehousing is a system where a retailer or its provider keeps up a single, central warehouse versus a few offices spread out to cover a region. While a centralized approach may prompt longer lead times on orders, it offers various advantages compared to decentralize warehousing.
Presentation on Logistics and transportation Management, Objectives, Importan...Alex Rajput
Presentation on Logistics and transportation includes IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT, Objectives of Logistics Management, Functional Framework of Logistics Management, Elements and Functions of Logistics, Role of Transportation, Functions of transportation, Modes of Transportation, Factors influencing the Transportation, Warehousing, Functions of Warehousing, Distribution of warehousing, Inventory Management, Types of Inventory, Inventory Management and Control
A brief overview of logistics management covering the following: the aim of logistics, components of logistics, major functions of logistics and the phases of logistics management.
Optimization of Physical Distribution of Consumer Goods in Nigeria: A Case St...IOSR Journals
The study is aimedat procuring optimalsolutions to challenges faced in the physical distribution system of consumer goods in Nigeria context also the need to minimize cost especially in Physical distribution is inevitable as increased cost of transport and poor transport infrastructure imposes strain on the physical distribution system. The researcher applied network optimization models to develop optimal solutions to real life problems in physical distribution system. Using questionnaires the researcher was able to explain how various service variables influence the service level.The researcher identified trends in warehousing operations, the nature of the relationship between physical flow and distribution cost and how various service variables influenced the service level. Afterwards, he recommended ways to benefit from these opportunitiesand steps to take to cub the impact of its challenges of the physical distribution system.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Physical distribution is the set
of activities concerned with
efficient movement of finished
goods from the end of the
production operation to the
consumer.
2. PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION is
part of a larger process called
“distribution," which includes
wholesale and retail marketing,
as well the physical movement
of products.
6. Elements of Efficient Physical Distribution
1.Inventory planning and control- proper handling
of stocks
2.Transportation- shipping of products on time
and right place
3.Warehousing- keeping of goods until they are
delivered
4.Order Processing- receiving, recording, filling
and assembling orders for shipment
5.Materials handling- moving goods over short
distances into and out of warehouse and
manufacturing houses
7. ROAD/SURFACE/TRUCKING—FLEXIBLE AND
GROWING .
The shipping method most favoured by small
business (and many large enterprises as well) is
trucking. Carrying primarily manufactured
products (as opposed to bulk materials), trucks
offer fast, frequent, and economic delivery to more
destinations in the country than any other mode.
Trucks are particularly useful for short-distance
shipments, and they offer relatively fast,
consistent service for both large and small
shipments.
8. RAIL—LONG DISTANCESHIPPING
Rail continue to present an efficient
mode for the movement of bulky
commodities over long distances.
These commodities include coal,
chemicals, grain, non-metallic
minerals, and lumber and wood
products.
9. AIR FREIGHT—FAST BUT EXPENSIVE
Because of the relatively high cost of air
transport, small businesses typically use air only
for the movement of valuable or highly-perishable
products. However, goods that qualify for this
treatment do represent a significant share of the
small business market. Owners can sometimes
offset the high cost of air transportation with
reduced inventory-holding costs and the
increased business that may accompany faster
customer service.
10. WATER CARRIERS—SLOW BUT INEXPENSIVE
There are two basic types of water carriers: inland or
barge lines, and oceangoing deep-water ships. Barge
lines are efficient transporters of bulky, low-unit-value
commodities such as grain, gravel, lumber, sand, and
steel. Barge lines typically do not serve small
businesses. Oceangoing ships, on the other hand,
operate in transporting goods among port cities, and in
international commerce. Sea shipments are an
important part of foreign trade, and thus are of vital
importance to small businesses seeking an international
market share.
11. PIPELINES—SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTERS
Pipelines are utilized to efficiently transport
natural gas and oil products from mining sites to
refineries and other destinations. In addition, so-
called slurry pipelines transport products such
as coal, which is ground to a powder, mixed with
water, and moved as a suspension through the
pipes.
12. INTERMODAL SERVICES
Small business owners often take advantage of
multi-mode deals offered by shipping
companies. Under these arrangements,
business owners can utilize a given
transportation mode in the section of the trip in
which it is most cost efficient, and use other
modes for other segments of the transport.
Overall costs are often significantly lower under
this arrangement than with single-mode
transport.
13. WAREHOUSING
Small business owners who require
warehousing facilities must decide whether to
maintain their own strategically located
depot(s), or resort to holding their goods in
public warehouses. And those entrepreneurs
who go with non-public warehousing must
further decide between storage or distribution
facilities.
14. Warehousing include plant warehouses, regional
warehouses, and local warehouses.
The service function that warehouses perform
can be classified into
General Warehouse: where goods are stored for
long periods & where the prime purpose is to
protect goods until they are needed.
Distribution Warehouse: It has dynamic purpose
& mixing. Goods are received in large volume
uniform lots, stored briefly & then broken down
into small individual orders.
16. Packaging in any industry is to carry the goods safely through
a distribution system to the customer.
The package must do following:
Identify the Product
Contain & Protect the product
Contribute to physical distribution efficiency, protect against
shock, compression, vibration, moisture, heat, solar radiation,
oxidation, animals, bacteria etc.
At least 3 levels of packaging: Primary packaging to hold
product, next for small packages shipping container is
needed, thirdly several primary or sec packages are
assembled into unit load
17. Order processing is designed to take the customer orders
and execute the specifics the customer has purchased. The
business is concerned with this function because it directly
relates to how the customer is serviced and attaining the
customer service goals. If the order processing system is
efficient, then the business can avoid other costs in other
functions, such as transportation or inventory control. For
example, if the handbag business has an error in the
processing of a customer order, the business has to turn to
premium transportation modes, such as next day air or
overnight, to meet the customer service standard set out,
which will increase the transportation cost.
18. Order Processing.
a. Verifying Customers’ Credibility.
b. Checking for any outstanding payment.
c. Monitoring stock level.
d. Preparing invoice.
e. Arranging transporter.
f. Sending the consignment and information.
19. ORDER PROCESSING
The small business owner is concerned with
order processing—another physical distribution
function—because it directly affects the ability to
meet the customer service standards defined by
the owner. If the order processing system is
efficient, the owner can avoid the costs of
premium transportation or high inventory levels.
20. Order processing varies by industry,
but often consists of four major
activities: a credit check; recording of
the sale, such as crediting a sales
representative's commission account;
making the appropriate accounting
entries; and locating the item,
shipping, and adjusting inventory
records.
21. Technological innovations, such as increased
use of the Universal Product Code, are
contributing to greater efficiency in order
processing. Bar code systems give small
businesses the ability to route customer orders
efficiently and reduce the need for manual
handling. The coded information includes all the
data necessary to generate customer invoices,
thus eliminating the need for repeated
keypunching.
22. Electronic Data Interchange.
EDI allows computers at two different locations
to exchange business documents in machine-
readable format, employing strictly-defined
industry standards.
Purchase orders, invoices, remittance slips, and
the like are exchanged electronically, thereby
eliminating duplication of data entry, dramatic
reductions in data entry errors, and increased
speed in procurement cycles.
23. Benefits of EDI
1) Cost saving.
2) Speed.
3) Accuracy.
4) Security.
5) System Integration.
6) Just In Time Support.
24. COST SAVING or REDUCTION
Employees time in handling paper work.
Less paper work, paperless office. Print only
if required.
Fund transfer. (NEFT/RTGS)
National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) and Real Time Gross
Settlement(RTGS) allow individuals, companies and firms to transfer funds from
one bank to another.
25. SPEED
Fast and Accurate forwarding the
documents through computer.
Fund transfer. (NEFT/RTGS)
National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) and Real Time Gross Settlement(RTGS) allow
individuals, companies and firms to transfer funds from one bank to another.
26. ACCURACY
1) Minimum punching of
information.
2) No loss of documents.
3) Direct & easy communication
verification.
29. JUST IN TIME SUPPORT
1) Increased communication
helps in control of inventory.
2) Accurate analysis of data.
3) Timely action against
un-foreseen situation.
30. EDI Working
1) Proposal sent electronically by
supplier to potential customer.
2) Customer approves the price,
quality, size, payment terms and other
attributes electronically.
3) Supplier sends the invoice,
packaging details and shipping details.
31. EDI working Con’td
4) Payment electronically
transfers/agreed on COD.
5) Supplier ships the order.
6) Customer receives the order, scan the
bar code to actual items received.
7) Payment.
32. Advantages/Benefits of EDI
1) Cost saving.
2) Speed.
3) Accuracy.
4) Security.
5) System Integration.
6) Just In Time Support.
33. Dis-advantages
1) Product not in line with
catalogue.
2) Cultural difference.
3) Govt. restrictions/EFT
difficulties.
4) Political challenges.