The document discusses photovoltaic (PV) systems, which convert sunlight into electricity using solar cells made of silicon. It covers the components of PV systems, including solar modules, batteries, and inverters, and distinguishes between grid-connected and stand-alone systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the advantages of using LED lighting with PV systems, noting the significant potential for solar energy in India due to its abundant sunny days.

1. PHOTOVOLTAIC PV
LED LIGHTING
SYSTEMS
PREPARED BY-
KUNAL S. MAHJAN
TE ELECTRICAL, GCOE, JALGAON.

2. INDEX
Introduction
Solar cell
Working of solar cell
Components of PV system
Types of PV systems
LED Lighting
Advantages and disadvantages of PV systems
Conclusion
References

3. INTRODUCTION
Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight directly
into electricity.

4. The heart of a photovoltaic system is a solid-state
device called a solar cell.
SOLAR CELL

5. Solar cells are made of silicon.
Treated to be positive on one side and negative on
other side.
When light energy hits the cell, electrons loose out
from the atoms in the semiconductor material.
If electrical conductors are attached to the positive
and negative sides, forming an electrical circuit,
and the flow of released electron produces the
current.

6. WORKING OF SOLAR CELL
 A typical solar cell is composed thin wafer consisting phosphorus-
doped silicon on top of boron doped silicon layer.
 An electrical field is created near the top of surface of cell where
these two materials are in contact, called the P-N junction.
 When sunlight strikes the surface of PV cell, these electric field
provides momentum and direction to light stimulated electrons,
resulting in flow of current when solar cell is connected to electrical
load.

7.  Every single photovoltaic cell has small dimensions and
generally produces a power between 1 to 3 watts at 0 to 5
volts.
 If several cells are connect themselves ,creates bigger
units called Modules. The modules are connected to form
panels that produces wanted power.

8.  Solar modules ,battery ,inverter ,charge controller are the main
components of PV system.
 This four components occupies more than two-thirds of the total cost
of system.
 Batteries are used to store the electrical energy generated by
photovoltaic modules.
 Power can be drawn out from the batteries whenever required during
the day or night.
 Direct current systems which power AC load must use an Inverter.
 The use of inverter increases the cost of system.
 Charge regulator limits the rate at which current is drawn or added to
batteries.
 Here we are using LED as a load.
 Inverter converts DC to AC.
COMPONENTS OF PV SYSTEM

9. TYPES OF PV SYSTEMS
Mainly classified as Grid connected and stand-alone systems.
oGrid connected PV systems
• Grid connected PV systems are designed to operate in parallel with
the electrical utility grid.
• The main component of grid connected PV system is inverter. The
inverter converts DC power produced by PV array into AC power as
required by the utility grid.
oStand-Alone PV systems
• Stand-alone PV systems are generally designed to supply DC and/or
AC electrical loads.
• The simplest example of stand-alone PV system is directly connected
DC load.

10.  Recently solar PV are coupled with Light Emitting Diodes
[LEDs] to give energy efficient light.
 Recent advancements in LED technology have led to
development of white light emitting diodes[WLEDs]
 WLEDs provide a bright white light that’s ideal for domestic
lighting.
 The advantage of using LEDs with solar PV system is that
the LED requires very much lower power wattage
 Therefore the size and cost of solar system is much
reduced.
LED LIGHTING

11. PV LED LIGHTING

12. In our country there are about 300 clear sunny
days in a year and hence solar energy is widely
available.
There is a vast scope for solar sector in India
There is still over 100000 villages in the country to
be electrified.
Recognizing the importance of PV technology
Government is also implanting a comprehensive
pregramme in solar sector.
INDIA HAS LOT OF SUN LIGHT

13. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Fuel is free and easily available.
Easily expandable.
No noise pollution or other type of pollution.
PV systems which are properly design and properly installed required
nominal maintenance.
 Disadvantages
High cost of PV modules and equipments is the primary limiting
factor.
The surface area required for the PV array may be limiting factor.

14. CONCLUSION
It is light to light conversion.
It is very simple system to implement.
LEDs are used because they need very small
voltage to operate and more life time.
Although cost is major factor but PV systems are
long life durable and long time service provider .

15. REFERENCES
W C Adams, 'Photovoltaic solar energy generation'.
http://www.thinkelectrics.com/solar-pv/
http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/NLPIP/lightingA
nswers/photovoltaic/02-photovoltaic-what-is-
PV.asp
http://free-energi.com/index.php?a=4
http://portal.indiainfoline.com/datamonitor/Ener
gy/Number-of-Towns-and-Villages-Electrified-in-
India.aspx

16. THANK YOU

17.  For more details contact
 Kunalmahajan03@gmail.com