A solar cell converts light directly into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. The operation of a solar cell requires 3 attributes: 1) absorption of light which generates electron-hole pairs, 2) separation of the opposite charge carriers, and 3) extraction of the separated carriers to an external circuit. Maximum power point tracking is a technique used in solar systems to extract the maximum possible power from photovoltaic modules by tracking the non-linear efficiency curve between solar irradiance, temperature, and resistance.

1. Nur Mohammed Adnan Zadid
11010315
Mohammad Rafiul Islam
11010216

2.  A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that
converts the energy of light directly into electricity by
the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell,
defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such
as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to
light. Solar cells are the building blocks of photovoltaic
modules, otherwise known as solar panels.
Solar cells are described as
being photovoltaic irrespectiv
e of whether the source
is sunlight or an artificial
light.

3.  The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs
or exactions.
 The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.
 The separate extraction of those carriers to an external
circuit.
The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires
3 basic attributes:

5.  Absorbed Glass Mat
 Amp Hour
 Battery
 Battery
 Circuit
 Circuit Breaker
 Full Sun
 Inverter (AC)
 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
 Peak Sun Hours
 Radiation
 Voltage
 Watt-Hour

6. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique that grid
connected inverters, solar battery chargers and similar devices use
to get the maximum possible power from one or more photovoltaic
modules. Photovoltaic solar cells have a complex relationship
between solar irradiance (W/square meter), temperature and total
resistance that produces a non-linear output efficiency which can
be analyzed based on the I-V curve.
Curve by MPPT

7. Solar Cell characteristics of I-V curve for
temperature dependence

8. Solar Cell characteristics of I-V curve for different
irradiance dependence

9.  At night, an off-grid PV system may use batteries to supply
loads. Although the fully charged battery pack voltage may
be close to the PV panel's maximum power point voltage,
this is unlikely to be true at sunrise when the battery has
been partially discharged. Charging may begin at a voltage
considerably below the PV panel maximum power point
voltage, and an MPPT can resolve this mismatch.

10. Controllers usually follow one of three types of
strategies to optimize the power output of an
array. Maximum power point trackers may
implement different algorithms and switch
between them based on the operating conditions
of the array