Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other autotrophs convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose. It occurs in chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll and other pigments. Photosynthesis has two phases - the light reactions where light energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy carriers, and the dark reactions where the chemical energy is used to fix carbon dioxide and produce sugars.
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
COMPOSITION
STRUCTURE,NUMBER,SHAPE,SIZE
FUNCTION
TYPES OF CHLOROPLAST PLASTID
CHLOROPHYLLS PIGMENT
ROLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
1.Chloroplast is first identified by Engelmann in spirogyra.
2.It is the green pigment found in all plant cell.
3.Chloroplast provides food for plants.
4.Chloroplast was first discovered by Schimper (1864).
Photosynthetic pigments are the molecules which capture the photons from solar light. This solar energy further transfers to the NADP and ADP and eventually used in the synthesis of glucose. Thus these pigments play vital role in photosynthesis. The uploaded lesson plan is for teaching photosynthetic pigments to the class 11 students (in India). The duration of the class will be 45 minutes. The reference book is NCERT- biology book for class 11 and the unit is 'Photosynthesis in higher plants'.
Overview of the pigment Chlorophyll, its sources, types, structure, photoreceptors, benefits, stability, degradation, preservation during food processing and technologies associated with it.
Light harvesting mechanism in bacteria and Regulation of cam through transpor...NehaSinha172
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a photo-biochemical reaction which is mediated through the absorption of light energy .
The light energy is absorbed photosynthetic pigments in plants .
These pigments have capacity to absorb light of certain wavelength & reflect light of other wavelengths & imparting different colours to different pigments .
The colour of the specific pigment indicates the wavelength reflected by the pigment .
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
This dark CO2 fixation pathway is proposed by Ting (1971).
It is operational in Succulent Xerophytes like Cactus , Sedum , Agave , Pineapple , Bryophyllum etc.
The stomata of succulent plants remain closed during day & open during night to avoid water loss (i.e. Scotactive stomata ).
They store CO2 during night is used in Calvin cycle during day time .
Succulents refix CO2 during respiration & use it during photosynthesis .
Since this diurnal change in acidity was first discovered in Crassulacean plants e.g. Bryophyllum it is called as Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.
The formation of Malic acid during dark is called Acidification/ phase I
Release of CO2 for actual photosynthesis during day is called Deacidification/ Phase II
Paolo Magosso, Tesi di laurea magistrale in Teoria e tecnologia della comunicazione, Università di Milano Bicocca (marzo 2010).
Realizzata presso TangoLab.
Relatore: R.Polillo
INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
COMPOSITION
STRUCTURE,NUMBER,SHAPE,SIZE
FUNCTION
TYPES OF CHLOROPLAST PLASTID
CHLOROPHYLLS PIGMENT
ROLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
1.Chloroplast is first identified by Engelmann in spirogyra.
2.It is the green pigment found in all plant cell.
3.Chloroplast provides food for plants.
4.Chloroplast was first discovered by Schimper (1864).
Photosynthetic pigments are the molecules which capture the photons from solar light. This solar energy further transfers to the NADP and ADP and eventually used in the synthesis of glucose. Thus these pigments play vital role in photosynthesis. The uploaded lesson plan is for teaching photosynthetic pigments to the class 11 students (in India). The duration of the class will be 45 minutes. The reference book is NCERT- biology book for class 11 and the unit is 'Photosynthesis in higher plants'.
Overview of the pigment Chlorophyll, its sources, types, structure, photoreceptors, benefits, stability, degradation, preservation during food processing and technologies associated with it.
Light harvesting mechanism in bacteria and Regulation of cam through transpor...NehaSinha172
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a photo-biochemical reaction which is mediated through the absorption of light energy .
The light energy is absorbed photosynthetic pigments in plants .
These pigments have capacity to absorb light of certain wavelength & reflect light of other wavelengths & imparting different colours to different pigments .
The colour of the specific pigment indicates the wavelength reflected by the pigment .
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
This dark CO2 fixation pathway is proposed by Ting (1971).
It is operational in Succulent Xerophytes like Cactus , Sedum , Agave , Pineapple , Bryophyllum etc.
The stomata of succulent plants remain closed during day & open during night to avoid water loss (i.e. Scotactive stomata ).
They store CO2 during night is used in Calvin cycle during day time .
Succulents refix CO2 during respiration & use it during photosynthesis .
Since this diurnal change in acidity was first discovered in Crassulacean plants e.g. Bryophyllum it is called as Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.
The formation of Malic acid during dark is called Acidification/ phase I
Release of CO2 for actual photosynthesis during day is called Deacidification/ Phase II
Paolo Magosso, Tesi di laurea magistrale in Teoria e tecnologia della comunicazione, Università di Milano Bicocca (marzo 2010).
Realizzata presso TangoLab.
Relatore: R.Polillo
Slides dalle lezioni del corso "Strumenti e applicazioni del Web" - Università di Milano Bicocca - A.A.2012-13 - Prof.R.Polillo
Lezione del 2 maggio 2013
Vedi anche www.corsow.wordpress.com
Fabrizio Maggioni, Tesi di laurea magistrale in Teoria e tecnologia della comunicazione, Università di Milano Bicocca (marzo 2010).
Realizzata presso TangoLab.
Relatore: R.Polillo
Slides dal corso di Strumenti e applicazioni del Web, Università di Milano Bicocca - Prof.R.Polillo - A.A.2012-13
Slides di introduzione alla discussione con Marco Polillo e Stefano Parisi tenuto il 7 maggio 2013
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
![Photosynthesis in Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)