This document discusses phonetics and the production of speech sounds. It covers three key points: 1. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, including their articulation, transmission, and perception. It examines the movement of speech organs like the lungs, larynx, tongue, and lips. 2. There are three main systems involved in sound production: the respiratory system which provides air flow from the lungs, the phonatory system involving the larynx and vocal cords, and the articulatory system comprising structures like the pharynx, tongue, and lips that modify the sound. 3. Speech sounds are produced when air from the lungs passes through the vocal cords in the larynx, which can

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Phonetics 1
Dr. Hameed Al-Zubeiry
Level 4
‫هــ‬1435-1434

2. THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(
Lecture 1
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3. REMEMBER
1. Linguistics studies language.
2. language consists of different elements
(levels of analysis) for example:
sounds , words , sentences, meaning, …
3. Each one of these elements is studied under
one or more than one branch of linguistics.
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Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

4. BRANCHES OF LINGUISICS
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PHONETICS: The study of speech sounds.
PHONOLOGY: The study of the sound patterns of a
language.
MORPHOLOGY: The study of word structure.
SYNTAX: The study of sentence structure.
SEMANTICS: The study of meaning.
PRAGMATICS: The study of the intended meaning
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

5. PHONETICS
is the general study of the characteristics
of speech sounds
Phonetics studies the:
Production (articulation),
Transmition and
Perception (reception) of speech sounds
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(
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6. The study of
how sounds are
articulated
(made(
articulatory
phonetics
transmitted via air in
the shape of waves
(the physical
properties of speech
sounds(
perceived via
the ear
acoustic
phonetics
auditory
phonetics
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(
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Articulatory Phonetics
It is concerned with the production of speech sounds. It studies the
movement of the speech organs (lungs-larynx-soft palate- tongue-
lips- teeth, ect) in the articulation of speech sounds
Auditory Phonetics
It is concerned with how the listener receives the speech sounds. It
focuses on the impact that speech sounds make on the eardrum of the
listener.
Acoustic Phonetics
It is concerned with the study of speech waves as the output of the
vocal tract. It describes the volume, pitch, etc. of speech sounds as
they travel in the atmosphere with the help of instruments.
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

8. Articulatory Phonetics
Production of Speech Sounds
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Surprise
almost half of our
Body participates in
the production of
Speech sounds
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

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Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

10. THE THREE SOUND
SYSTEMS
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The Respiratory
System
The Phonatory
system
The Articulatory
system
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1. The Respiratory System:
The respiratory system (initiation process) comprises
the lungs, the muscles of the chest and the windpipe. The
role of the respiratory system in relation to the
production of speech sounds is that the out flowing air
stream initiated by the lungs is used for speech
production.
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

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2. The Phonatory System:
This system consists of the larynx and the vocal cords.
The air-stream released by the lungs, and comes up
through the windpipe.
3. The Articulatory System:
This system refers to the vocal tracts through which the
air - stream ends at the mouth/nose before it escapes
into the atmosphere. (pharynx- soft palate – hard
palate- teeth ridge – tongue- lips, etc., (
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(

13. How is the sound produced?
expansioncontraction Vocal Cords mouth Ending at
Dr. Hameed Al-ZubeiryPhonetics (1(
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Nostril