In this lesson, students will learn about the characteristics of Judaism. They will define key terms like Hebrews, monotheism, and Judaism. The origins of Judaism can be traced back to Abraham, who was one of the first monotheists. He believed in one God and migrated his family from Mesopotamia to Palestine at God's command. His descendants established the religion of Judaism, the world's first monotheistic faith, which teaches moral and ethical rules through texts like the Ten Commandments.

1. In this lesson, students will identify characteristics of Phoenician
civilization.
Students will be able to define and/or identify the following
terms:
Phoenicians
Alphabet
Cultural Diffusion
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2. Phoenicia was located in Southwest Asia.
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3. The Phoenicians were a Semitic-speaking people.
They settled in small city-states in present-day
Lebanon.
There were few natural resources in their land. So,
they turned to the seas.
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4. galley
The Phoenicians were seafaring traders.
They sailed the Mediterranean sea.
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5. By 900 B.C., the Phoenicians dominated
Mediterranean trade.
The Phoenicians were able to build a civilization
without relying on agriculture.
Income generated by trade allowed the Phoenicians
to build permanent settlements.
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6. These are Phoenician coins.
Phoenician money was minted
by individual cities.
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7. The Phoenicians invented the world’s first alphabet.
Each of the twenty-two Phoenician alphabet symbols
represented a different sound.
The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet. From
the Phoenician and Greek alphabets come our
alphabet.
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8. An alphabet based on symbols
representing sounds is easier to learn
than the use of characters.
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10. The Phoenicians established trading colonies
throughout the Mediterranean region.
A colony is a region controlled by a distant country.
Carthage was a famous Phoenician trading colony in
North Africa.
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11. Carthage was a Phoenician colony located
in North Africa.
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12. The Phoenicians made their own purple dye.
The Phoenicians had a monopoly on the market for
purple.
The Phoenicians crushed shellfish to make their
purple dye.
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13. The Phoenicians established many colonies.
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14. Travel and trade encouraged cultural
diffusion.
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15. Who were the Phoenicians?
Why did the Phoenicians turn to the seas?
What was Carthage?
Name the most significant Phoenician contribution to
world history.
Why was Phoenicia known for its purple?
How did Phoenicia’s location benefit it?
Why do we remember Phoenicia?
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16. Why did Abraham migrate to Palestine?
How do polytheists differ from monotheists?
Provide an example of how Judaism is a moral and
ethical religion.
Summary of what you have learned today:
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17. In this lesson, students will be able to identify characteristics
of Judaism.
Students will be able to define and/or identify the following
terms:
Hebrews
Monotheism
Judaism
Ten Commandments
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19. The Hebrews were originally nomadic pastoralists.
The Hebrews migrated to Palestine (present-day
Israel).
The Hebrews believe that they are descendants of
Abraham.
Abraham became a monotheist.
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20. Monotheism is the belief in one God.
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21. The Hebrews believe that they are descendants of
Abraham.
The Hebrews believed that Abraham originally
lived in Mesopotamia.
The people of Mesopotamia believed in many
gods (polytheism). However, Abraham believed
in one God (monotheism).
Abraham believed that God told him to leave
Mesopotamia and migrate to Palestine.
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22. The religion of the descendants of Abraham is called
Judaism.
Judaism is the first, lasting monotheistic religion.
From Judaism come two other significant religions in
world history: Christianity and Islam.
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23. The Hebrews lived in Palestine for many
years. However, after a terrible famine,
The Hebrews migrated to Egypt. In Egypt,
Moses was born.
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24. The Hebrews migrated to Egypt during a time
of famine in Palestine.
Initially, the Hebrews were treated well in
Egypt. However, the Hebrews were eventually
enslaved by the Egyptians.
Under the leadership of Moses, the Hebrews
fled Egypt (the Exodus).
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25. On the journey to Palestine, Moses
received the Ten Commandments.
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26. Judaism is the world’s first moral and ethical religion.
It teaches followers to obey moral and ethical rules.
The Ten Commandments provide an example of the
moral and ethical nature of the Jewish religion.
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27. The first five books of the Hebrew Bible
are called the Torah. The Torah is very
important to Jews.
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28. The Hebrews or Jews believe that they have a
covenant with God.
A covenant is an agreement.
The Hebrews believe that if they obey God’s
commandments, God will bless them. However, if
they fail to obey God’s commandments, God will
punish them.
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29. A synagogue is a Jewish house of worship.
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