The document discusses the phases of the Moon as seen from Earth. It explains that as the Moon orbits Earth over the course of about 27 days, we see it go through phases from New Moon to Full Moon and back to New Moon again. These phases include the crescent moon, first quarter moon, waxing and waning gibbous moons, and last quarter moon. The illuminated portion of the Moon changes depending on where it is in its orbit relative to the Earth and Sun.
In depth description of the Moon/s phases and why they are as they are. Uses some great internet animations of various situations explaining why we see what we see from Earth. Also discusses the tides and why they are caused by the moon's gravity.
In depth description of the Moon/s phases and why they are as they are. Uses some great internet animations of various situations explaining why we see what we see from Earth. Also discusses the tides and why they are caused by the moon's gravity.
Power Point notes that I use in class. I did not make this presentation. I got it from the internet, the reference is on the first page. I may have altered it from it\'s origninal state though.
Moon is said to be the only natural satellite of the Earth. While there are many such satellites in the solar system it has the uniqueness of being the same size as the object around which it orbits.
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
Power Point notes that I use in class. I did not make this presentation. I got it from the internet, the reference is on the first page. I may have altered it from it\'s origninal state though.
Moon is said to be the only natural satellite of the Earth. While there are many such satellites in the solar system it has the uniqueness of being the same size as the object around which it orbits.
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
Charter schools offer diverse learning opportunities and instructional approaches, but as in mainstream schools, all students must have access to special education services, including speech-language therapy.
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Moon Phases:
The moon's phases refer to the different appearances of the moon as observed from Earth during its orbit around our planet. These phases are primarily determined by the relative positions of the Earth, the moon, and the sun. As the moon orbits the Earth, different portions of its surface are illuminated by sunlight, resulting in the various phases we observe.
1. New Moon:
The new moon occurs when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun, with its illuminated side facing away from Earth. From our perspective, the moon appears dark and invisible in the night sky. This marks the beginning of a new lunar cycle.
2. Waxing Crescent:
Following the new moon, a small sliver of the moon becomes visible as sunlight gradually illuminates its surface. This phase is known as the waxing crescent. It appears as a thin crescent shape in the western sky after sunset.
3. First Quarter:
During the first quarter phase, the moon has completed approximately one-quarter of its orbit around the Earth. Half of the moon's surface is illuminated by sunlight, creating a half-moon shape. This phase is often referred to as the waxing half or the half moon.
4. Waxing Gibbous:
As the moon continues to orbit, more of its surface becomes illuminated by sunlight. The waxing gibbous phase occurs when the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but not yet full. It appears as a bulging, almost full moon in the night sky.
5. Full Moon:
The full moon occurs when the Earth is positioned directly between the sun and the moon, with the moon's entire illuminated side facing Earth. This phase marks the midpoint of the lunar cycle and is characterized by a fully illuminated, round shape. The full moon is often associated with cultural and religious significance and is the brightest phase of the lunar cycle.
6. Waning Gibbous:
Following the full moon, the moon begins to wane or decrease in illumination. The waning gibbous phase occurs when the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but gradually diminishing. It appears as a shrinking, nearly full moon in the night sky.
7. Third Quarter:
During the third quarter phase, the moon has completed approximately three-quarters of its orbit around the Earth. Half of the moon's surface is illuminated, but this time, the opposite half compared to the first quarter phase. It is often referred to as the waning half or the half moon.
8. Waning Crescent:
The waning crescent phase marks the final stage of the lunar cycle before the new moon. Only a small portion of the moon's surface is illuminated by sunlight, appearing as a thin crescent shape in the eastern sky before sunrise. This phase gradually transitions into the new moon, completing the lunar cycle.
These phases repeat in a continuous cycle, with each complete cycle lasting approximately 29.5 days, known as a synodic month. The moon's phases have significant cultural, religious, and scientific importance,
8 phases of the moon
New Moon
Waxing Crescent Moon
First Quarter Moon
Waxing Gibbous Moon
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous Moon
Third Quarter Moon
Waning Crescent
This presentation is all about the phases of the moon. Feel free to use and save it!! The presentation was made in Microsoft Powerpoint App. (All rights are reserved)
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
3. Our Moon orbits around our planet, and this Earth-Moon system orbits
around the Sun.
Even though we only see light on part of the Moon, from the
perspective of the Sun, half of it is always illuminated.
Stuck here on Earth, we see the Moon in various phases of illumination
as it completes a 27.3 day orbit around the Earth.
As The Moon travels around us we see it pass through its phases. It goes
from New Moon, to Full Moon and back to new Moon again.
Crescent Moons are when it’s less than half illuminated, and gibbous
when it’s more than half.
“Waxing” means that the Moon becomes more illuminated night-by-
night, and the term “waning” means that it’s getting less illuminated
each night.
4. New Moon – When the illuminated side
of the Moon is away from the Earth. The
Moon and the Sun are lined up on the
same side of the Earth, so we can only see
the shadowed side. This is also the time
that you can experience solar eclipses,
when the Moon passes directly in front of
the Sun and casts a shadow onto the
surface of the Earth. During a new moon,
we can also see the reflected light from
the Earth, since no sunlight is falling on
the Moon – this is known as earthshine.
5. Crescent– The crescent
moon is the first sliver of the
Moon that we can see. From
the northern hemisphere, the
crescent moon has the
illuminated edge of the Moon
on the right. This situation is
reversed for the southern
hemisphere.
6. First Quarter – Although it’s
called a quarter moon, we
actually see this phase when
the Moon is half illuminated.
This means that the Sun and
the Moon make a 90-degree
angle compared to the Earth.
7. Waxing Gibbous –
This phase of the
Moon occurs when
the Moon is more
illuminated that half,
but it’s not yet a full
Moon.
8. Full Moon – This is the phase
when the Moon is brightest in
the sky. From our perspective
here on Earth, the Moon is fully
illuminated by the light of the
Sun. This is also the time of the
lunar month when you can see
lunar eclipses – these occur
when the Moon passes through
the shadow of the Earth.
9. Waning Gibbous – In
this lunar phase, the
Moon is less than fully
illuminated, but more
than half.
10. Last Quarter – At this point
of the lunar cycle, the Moon
has reached half illumination.
Now it’s the left-hand side of
the Moon that’s illuminated,
and the right-hand side in
darkness (from a northern
hemisphere perspective).
11. Crescent – This is
the final sliver of
illuminated moon we
can see before the
Moon goes into
darkness again.
