The document discusses the phases of the moon over the course of the lunar cycle. It explains that the moon does not produce its own light, but rather reflects sunlight. As the moon orbits the Earth over 28-29 days, the illuminated portion visible from Earth changes in a predictable pattern, going from new moon to crescent moon, first quarter moon, gibbous moon, full moon, last quarter moon, and back to new moon to complete the cycle. Lunar and solar eclipses can occur when the moon passes between the Earth and sun.
Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
Aphelion and Perihelion
Four Seasons
Seasonal Changes
Solstice and Equinoxes
Standard Time Zones
Land of the Midnight Sun
A "lunar eclipse" and a "solar eclipse" refer to events involving three celestial bodies: the Sun ("solar"), the moon ("lunar"), and the Earth. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun, and the Earth's shadow obscures the moon or a portion of it. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or a portion of the Sun.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Developed by Maria Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
Aphelion and Perihelion
Four Seasons
Seasonal Changes
Solstice and Equinoxes
Standard Time Zones
Land of the Midnight Sun
A "lunar eclipse" and a "solar eclipse" refer to events involving three celestial bodies: the Sun ("solar"), the moon ("lunar"), and the Earth. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun, and the Earth's shadow obscures the moon or a portion of it. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or a portion of the Sun.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Developed by Maria Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
This is a presentation that I completed for EDU 290 in the Fall 2009. The intent of the assignment was to create a lesson that could be used by a student that missed the classroom instruction due to illness
8 phases of the moon
New Moon
Waxing Crescent Moon
First Quarter Moon
Waxing Gibbous Moon
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous Moon
Third Quarter Moon
Waning Crescent
This is a presentation that I completed for EDU 290 in the Fall 2009. The intent of the assignment was to create a lesson that could be used by a student that missed the classroom instruction due to illness
8 phases of the moon
New Moon
Waxing Crescent Moon
First Quarter Moon
Waxing Gibbous Moon
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous Moon
Third Quarter Moon
Waning Crescent
In depth description of the Moon/s phases and why they are as they are. Uses some great internet animations of various situations explaining why we see what we see from Earth. Also discusses the tides and why they are caused by the moon's gravity.
Moon Phases:
The moon's phases refer to the different appearances of the moon as observed from Earth during its orbit around our planet. These phases are primarily determined by the relative positions of the Earth, the moon, and the sun. As the moon orbits the Earth, different portions of its surface are illuminated by sunlight, resulting in the various phases we observe.
1. New Moon:
The new moon occurs when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun, with its illuminated side facing away from Earth. From our perspective, the moon appears dark and invisible in the night sky. This marks the beginning of a new lunar cycle.
2. Waxing Crescent:
Following the new moon, a small sliver of the moon becomes visible as sunlight gradually illuminates its surface. This phase is known as the waxing crescent. It appears as a thin crescent shape in the western sky after sunset.
3. First Quarter:
During the first quarter phase, the moon has completed approximately one-quarter of its orbit around the Earth. Half of the moon's surface is illuminated by sunlight, creating a half-moon shape. This phase is often referred to as the waxing half or the half moon.
4. Waxing Gibbous:
As the moon continues to orbit, more of its surface becomes illuminated by sunlight. The waxing gibbous phase occurs when the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but not yet full. It appears as a bulging, almost full moon in the night sky.
5. Full Moon:
The full moon occurs when the Earth is positioned directly between the sun and the moon, with the moon's entire illuminated side facing Earth. This phase marks the midpoint of the lunar cycle and is characterized by a fully illuminated, round shape. The full moon is often associated with cultural and religious significance and is the brightest phase of the lunar cycle.
6. Waning Gibbous:
Following the full moon, the moon begins to wane or decrease in illumination. The waning gibbous phase occurs when the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but gradually diminishing. It appears as a shrinking, nearly full moon in the night sky.
7. Third Quarter:
During the third quarter phase, the moon has completed approximately three-quarters of its orbit around the Earth. Half of the moon's surface is illuminated, but this time, the opposite half compared to the first quarter phase. It is often referred to as the waning half or the half moon.
8. Waning Crescent:
The waning crescent phase marks the final stage of the lunar cycle before the new moon. Only a small portion of the moon's surface is illuminated by sunlight, appearing as a thin crescent shape in the eastern sky before sunrise. This phase gradually transitions into the new moon, completing the lunar cycle.
These phases repeat in a continuous cycle, with each complete cycle lasting approximately 29.5 days, known as a synodic month. The moon's phases have significant cultural, religious, and scientific importance,
This presentation is all about the phases of the moon. Feel free to use and save it!! The presentation was made in Microsoft Powerpoint App. (All rights are reserved)
The Millennium School is the school for your kid where you can expect the best arrangements and facilities. Our institute is one among the Top ten schools in Gurgaon. The residents trust the institute as the best play school in Gurgaon as we meet the international standards and make the arrangements favorable for the kids. At the Best Nursery school in Gurgaon, you will get highly-qualified and loving faculties to take proper care of the kids.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. The lunar month (lunar cycle) is the 28-29 days it takes to go
from one new moon to the next new moon. During the
lunar cycle, the Moon goes through all its phases.
3. WHY IS THE MOON BRIGHT?
Some think the moon is bright because
it makes its own light. However, that is
NOT TRUE. The moon appears bright
because of reflected sunlight.
4. VIEW FROM SPACE
During the course of a 28 day cycle, the
Moon revolves once around the
Earth. If we could magically look
down on our solar system from
space, we would see that the half of
the Moon facing the Sun is always lit.
Why don’t we always see the lit half of
the moon from earth?
Because the lit half is not always
facing earth! We only see the entire
lit half during a FULL MOON.
5. As the Moon revolves the Earth,
the amount of the lit side we
see changes. These changes are
known as the phases of the
Moon and it repeats in the same
pattern over and over. There
are 8 distinct phases. The lunar
cycle begins with a New Moon.
6. NEW MOON
New Moon - The lit side of
the moon is NOT facing the
Earth. The Moon that we see
looks dark. The lighted side of
the Moon faces away from the
Earth. This means that the
Sun, Earth, and Moon are
almost in a straight line, with
the Moon in between the Sun
and the Earth.
On a diagram, the New Moon
will always be next to the sun.
7. WAXING CRESCENT
Waxing Crescent Moon - As
the Moon moves around the
Earth, we get to see more
and more of the illuminated
half, and we say the Moon is
waxing (getting bigger).
At first we get a sliver of it,
which grows as days go by.
This phase is called the
crescent moon.
Waxing moons will always have
the light on the right side of
the moon.
8. FIRST QUARTER
1st Quarter Moon - A
week after the new moon,
when the Moon has
completed about a
quarter of its turn
around the Earth, we can
see half of the
illuminated part; that is,
a quarter of the Moon.
This is the first quarter
phase.
9. WAXING GIBBOUS
Waxing Gibbous - The Moon
appears to be more than one-half
full (gibbous) but not fully
illuminated by sun. The fraction
of the Moon's disk that is
illuminated is increasing.
This Moon can be seen after the
First Quarter Moon, but before
the Full Moon. The amount of
the Moon that we can see will
grow larger and larger every
day. ("Waxing" means increasing,
or growing larger.)
Gibbous is derived from the Latin
word meaning “hump”.
10. FULL MOON
Full Moon - The Moon's full
illuminated side is facing the
Earth. This means that the Earth,
Sun, and Moon are nearly in a
straight line, with the Earth in
the middle. The Moon that we
see is very bright from the
sunlight reflecting off it.
Remember, this is still just half of
the entire moon! (We never see
the other side).
On a diagram, the moon will be
located on the opposite side of the
earth (not next to the sun).
11. WANING GIBBOUS
Waning Gibbous Moon - From now
on, until it becomes new again,
the illuminated part of the
Moon that we can see
decreases, and we say it's
waning. The first week after
full, it is called Waning
Gibbous. The amount of the
Moon that we can see will grow
smaller and smaller every day.
("Waning" means decreasing, or
growing smaller.)
12. THIRD (LAST) QUARTER
• 3rd Quarter - One-half of the Moon
appears to be illuminated by direct
sunlight. The fraction of the Moon
that is illuminated is decreasing as
seen from Earth. The left half of
the Moon appears lighted, and the
right side of the Moon appears dark
(opposite from 1st Quarter).
• During the time between the Full
Moon and the Last Quarter Moon,
the part of the Moon that appears
lighted gets smaller and smaller every
day.
13. WANING CRESCENT
• Waning Crescent - The Moon
appears to be less than one-half
illuminated by direct sunlight. A
small sliver of the moon is lit. This
moon can be seen after the Last
Quarter Moon and before the New
Moon. The crescent will grow
smaller and smaller every day, until
the Moon looks like the New Moon.
• Waning= getting smaller
• Crescent= less than half full
14. AFTER FOUR WEEKS OR APPROXIMATELY 28-29 DAYS, THE
ILLUMINATED HALF OF THE MOON AGAIN FACES AWAY FROM US, AND
WE COME BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF THE CYCLE: A NEW MOON.
15. LUNAR ECLIPSE
When the moon passes through
the Earth’s shadow, we will
experience a Lunar Eclipse.
This is when the moon will orbit
directly behind Earth, which
blocks the Sun’s light from
reaching the moon. Usually, the
moon travels slightly above or
below earth’s direct shadow. A
Lunar Eclipse can only occur
during a Full Moon phase.
Watch a Lunar Eclipse
16. SOLAR ECLIPSE
A solar eclipse occurs when
the moon travels directly in
between the sun and earth.
During a solar eclipse, the
moon will block out the Sun’s
light from reaching earth.
Since the moon is much closer
to earth than the sun is, it will
appear to be the same size as
the sun during the eclipse.
This phase will only occur
during a New Moon.
Watch a Solar Eclipse
