Contrast media are substances used in medical imaging to increase the visibility of internal structures. There are different types of contrast media including iodine-based contrast agents used for CT scans and X-rays, gadolinium-based contrast for MRI, and barium sulfate for imaging the gastrointestinal tract. The properties of contrast media including iodine concentration, viscosity, osmolality, and miscibility determine their radiopacity and potential toxicity. Patients with renal impairment or allergies may require premedication such as steroids prior to contrast administration to reduce risks.