This document discusses pharmaceuticals in the environment, including reasons for increased interest, pathways of entry, and methods of detection. Interest grew due to declines in eagle and aquatic populations from drugs. Pharmaceuticals enter the environment through urine/feces, manufacturing waste, bathing, and improper disposal, traveling through sewage, air, soil, surface water and groundwater. Detection methods involve collecting solid/water samples, filtration, extraction, separation by HPLC, and mass spectrometric quantification.
Dr. Walter Crinnion, one of the leading experts on environmental medicine and toxicology, shares his observations on the toxic burden we bear in modern society.
Any substance or mixture of substances, intended for preventing, destroying, or
mitigating any pest, or intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant or
desiccant.
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
Dr. Walter Crinnion, one of the leading experts on environmental medicine and toxicology, shares his observations on the toxic burden we bear in modern society.
Any substance or mixture of substances, intended for preventing, destroying, or
mitigating any pest, or intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant or
desiccant.
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
The Presentation briefly consists about what is water pollution,It's Sources, It's effects, Precautions, etc...
There is also a video about the some examples of the effects of Water Pollution on Humans,Animals and birds.
Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
in this ppt you can get effects of water pollution and ways to reduce it .How water pollution effects our society in coming era. find good ways to reduce it
INTRODUCTION TO WATER POLLUTION PARAMETERS -CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND NEED OF W...Arvind Kumar
INTRODUCTION TO WATER POLLUTION PARAMETERS
-CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND NEED OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
by DR. I.D. MALL Department of Chemical Engg. Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee- 247667
*
Lab #11 –
Ecotoxicology
Prelab Discussion
Today’s Lab ObjectivesTo apply your knowledge of ecosystems, population ecology, and ecotoxicology to a case study of the impact of pollution on Daphnia populations and what that might indicate for ecosystems as a whole.
To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of organic pollution, acid pollution, and salinity.
To learn more about the use of indicator species and to understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is specific for each pollutant type.
To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-reviewed) to support your arguments.
Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
In Today’s Lab
Review of Ecosystem BasicsEcosystem: All of the interacting organisms (populations) and abiotic factors that occur in a particular place at a given time
Components of an Ecosystem:
Abiotic - nonliving components e.g. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, soil/water chemistry
Biotic - all the living things that affect an organism in its environment e.g. Organisms
Example of an Ecosystem
*
Looking at the image below…
how would you define pollution?
*
What is pollution?Definition – unnatural by-products of human activities accumulating in the environment at levels that are harmful to living organism.
Sources of pollution vary
Some specific types of pollution:AcidOrganic ThermalPharmaceuticalSalinity
Acid PollutionDefinition:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with air in the atmosphere (and potentially the terrestrially via run-off) to form sulfuric and nitric acids which will reenter the environment via rain.
Acid pollution is extremely detrimental to all organisms (auto- or heterotrophic) in the environment
Acid Rain is a prime example of Acid Pollution.Rainwater with a pH <5.6 = acidic.Side effect of air pollution from industry.
Basic Example of the
Creation of Acid Pollution
*
Organic PollutionDefinition:
compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Examples: Pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, sewage, farm run-off
Organic pollutants canBe persistent in the environment for a long period of timeThey accumulate in human/animal tissues and magnify in food chains.a.k.a. They have significant impacts on human health and the environment as a whole.Are capable of long-range transportCan provide large quantities of of organic compounds and limiting nutrients, which act as substrates (food) for microorganisms, are released into water sources (algal blooms)
Examples of Organic Pollution
*
EutrophicationThe process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates.
These typically promote excessive growth of algae.Algae die, decompose, increase organic material…therefore resulting in oxygen depletion.
The Process of Eutrophication
Bioaccumulati ...
The Presentation briefly consists about what is water pollution,It's Sources, It's effects, Precautions, etc...
There is also a video about the some examples of the effects of Water Pollution on Humans,Animals and birds.
Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
in this ppt you can get effects of water pollution and ways to reduce it .How water pollution effects our society in coming era. find good ways to reduce it
INTRODUCTION TO WATER POLLUTION PARAMETERS -CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND NEED OF W...Arvind Kumar
INTRODUCTION TO WATER POLLUTION PARAMETERS
-CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND NEED OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
by DR. I.D. MALL Department of Chemical Engg. Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee- 247667
*
Lab #11 –
Ecotoxicology
Prelab Discussion
Today’s Lab ObjectivesTo apply your knowledge of ecosystems, population ecology, and ecotoxicology to a case study of the impact of pollution on Daphnia populations and what that might indicate for ecosystems as a whole.
To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of organic pollution, acid pollution, and salinity.
To learn more about the use of indicator species and to understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is specific for each pollutant type.
To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-reviewed) to support your arguments.
Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
In Today’s Lab
Review of Ecosystem BasicsEcosystem: All of the interacting organisms (populations) and abiotic factors that occur in a particular place at a given time
Components of an Ecosystem:
Abiotic - nonliving components e.g. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, soil/water chemistry
Biotic - all the living things that affect an organism in its environment e.g. Organisms
Example of an Ecosystem
*
Looking at the image below…
how would you define pollution?
*
What is pollution?Definition – unnatural by-products of human activities accumulating in the environment at levels that are harmful to living organism.
Sources of pollution vary
Some specific types of pollution:AcidOrganic ThermalPharmaceuticalSalinity
Acid PollutionDefinition:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with air in the atmosphere (and potentially the terrestrially via run-off) to form sulfuric and nitric acids which will reenter the environment via rain.
Acid pollution is extremely detrimental to all organisms (auto- or heterotrophic) in the environment
Acid Rain is a prime example of Acid Pollution.Rainwater with a pH <5.6 = acidic.Side effect of air pollution from industry.
Basic Example of the
Creation of Acid Pollution
*
Organic PollutionDefinition:
compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Examples: Pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, sewage, farm run-off
Organic pollutants canBe persistent in the environment for a long period of timeThey accumulate in human/animal tissues and magnify in food chains.a.k.a. They have significant impacts on human health and the environment as a whole.Are capable of long-range transportCan provide large quantities of of organic compounds and limiting nutrients, which act as substrates (food) for microorganisms, are released into water sources (algal blooms)
Examples of Organic Pollution
*
EutrophicationThe process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates.
These typically promote excessive growth of algae.Algae die, decompose, increase organic material…therefore resulting in oxygen depletion.
The Process of Eutrophication
Bioaccumulati ...
Environmental Pollution, Global Climate Change and Biodiversity Management approaches
current status of pollution levels (air, soil and water), strategies implied to curb the problem (particularly in India) and recent research carried in different parts of the world. Mitigation and adaption approach to climate change.
Utilization of Multiple Habitat Sampling Protocol for Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Water
Quality in Stream Ecosystem in Lawis,
Buruun, Iligan City
Pollutants-in-aquaculture-water and soil quality in aquacultureMUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
Pollutants of Concern for Aquaculture
Pollutants of concern often associated with aquaculture include: Total suspended solids, settleable solids. Biological wastes (metabolic waste, unconsumed feed) Floating and submerged matter
Phycoremediation of malachite green and reduction of physico chemical paramet...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Water is the elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to all the living species on earth. It is rapidly becoming a scare commodity in most parts of the world. Only 0.35% of the total availability of water found in lakes and wetlands and 0.01% in rivers and streams which are likely getting depleted due to the discharge of the effluents such as dyes simultaneously increases the water quality parameters. Malachite green is a common textile dye being discharged in lake water situated near textile industries. The phycoremediation method employs the use of algae, say, Chlorella pyrenoidosa which helps in decolorizing the water and due to its growth in the lake water, the physico-chemical parameters higher in the polluted water found to be reduced and water can be used for various purposes. The trails were made using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Malachite green at different concentrations. The optimum concentration for the degradation of dye was completely done at the concentration 15 mg confirming the decolorization capacity by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The same experiment was performed with adjusting the pH at 6, 7 and 8. Optimum pH for the dye degradation was found as pH 7 at which all the concentrations Chlorella pyrenoidosa was able to degrade the dye with the decolourization capacity of above 95%. The phyico-chemical parameters checked after the decolorization by Chlorella were found to be within the limits and thus Chlorella which is available in nature can be used in the decolorization of effluent water by eco-friendly method.
Keywords: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Malachite Green, Phycoremediation, Physico-chemical parameters
In order to assessing whether algae can reduce the pollution concentration of the effluents by
absorbing the nutrients, it is found that effluents can effectively be treated by employing algal organisisms such
as Oscillatoria and Stigeoclonium species and these organisms are frequently found in the polluted waters and
they were recorded as pollution tolerant forms. In the laboratory procedures out of the several media tested
Modified CHU No. 10 medium was found to be quite suitable for both the test organisms. It was found that up to
87% and 85% of phosphate uptake was achieved by Oscillatoria and Stigeoclonium respectively with 13% and
16% increase of D.O. in the effluents by the tenth day. In case of organic matter Oscillatoria removed 73% and
Stigeoclonium 70% up to tenth day
ABSTRACT- Ramgarh taal is an important water body of Gorakhpur, U.P, India, which received untreated effluents
from different sources of Gorakhpur city. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the toxic impact of these effluents
on water quality of water and its toxic effect on fish population present in this lake with two sets of experiments (1) Fish
caged in pollution free water i.e. control group and (2) Fish directly caught from different sites of water body. The
effluents discharged in this water body caused significant alterations in pollution parameters of water and significantly
altered the biochemical profile (total amino acid levels increased while total protein, Glycogen and nucleic acid levels
decreased from the levels of control group) and hematological parameters (PLTs, WBCs, RBCs, HGB, HCT, MCV,
MCHC etc) decreased from the levels of control group. Seasonally variations in Physico-chemical parameters
(Temperature, pH, DO, BOD and COD) of water body also measured. Which were much higher than the tolerance limit
recommended by General standard by Central Pollution Control Board of India.
Key-words- Ramgarh taal, Parameters, Biochemical parameters, Amino acid, Hematological, Physiological, Pollution,
Pesticides, Herbicides, Channa punctatus
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
2. Outlines.
1- why interests increased for presence of pharmaceuticals in
the environment ?
2- Pathways for entry into the environment.
3- Environmental detection of pharmaceuticals.
3. Part 1 : why interests
increased for presence
of pharmaceuticals in
the environment ?
4. Vet diclofenac catastrophe.
In 1980s there were up to 80 million eagles in India; but today
the population numbers only several thousand.
99% decline of eagles species in south Asia.
5.
6. Effects on aquatic organisms.
1-tricyclic antidepressants (ppb levels) : affect on development
,spawning and behaviors in shellfish, ciliates and other aquatic
organisms.
2-calcium-channel blockers : affect on sperm activity of some
aquatic.
3- Antiepileptic drugs : trigger extensive apoptosis in the
developing brain of human neurodegeneration.
4-ppm and sub-ppm levels of various drugs (NSAIDS,
glucocorticoids, anti-fibrotics) affect collagen metabolism in
teleost fish, leading to defective/blocked fin regeneration.
5- Multi-drug transporters (efflux pumps) are common
defensive strategies for aquatic biota — possible significance of
efflux pump inhibitors in compromising aquatic health?
7.
8. Drugs Having Double Uses:
Medicinals and Pest-Control Agents
It poses the possibility that these alternative uses serve as
additional sources for their introduction to
the environment.
Examples:(4-aminopyridine,
warfarin,triclosan,azacholesterols,antibiotics
,acetaminophen,caffeine,NSAIDs and pentobarbital).
Acetaminophen : analgesic and useful for control brown
Tree snake
9. Antibiotics and endocrine disruptors.
-antibiotics cause bacterial resistance .
-endocrine disruptors : interfere with hormone and disrupt its
function ex: estrogen in contraceptive pill.
10. A total of US$954 billion was spent on prescription medications globally in
2011 alone. in 2002 95 contaminant measured in us.
94cg
Figure 1 Number of publications per year for the period 1996–2014 retrieved
using Web of Knowledge™ and the search words “pharmaceutical*” and “waste
water.”
25. bottle types used for the collection
of water Samples.
-Type chosen according to analyte of interest and environmental sample .
-silanized or not (alkoxysilane molecules).
-recovery % & physicochemical properties important .
Amber Clear glass PET HDPE
26. Sample bottle types used for the collection of water
samples in some field investigations of pharmaceutical analytes
27. Sample storage.
Purpose :prevention bacterial growth & analyte degradation.
When direct analysis isn't available .
Preservative are added ex HCL,HNO3 and H2SO4.
72 h store at 4 °C without preservative.
3 weeks at 4 °C 24 h then frozen at -20 °C for 3 weeks
28. Sample filtration.
Purpose : to remove particulate matter with filter paper.
Type of filter paper depend on analyte of interest
Ex estrogen glass fiber filters
29. Extraction.
Purpose : increase conc of analyte to reach detection limit of device .
2 types Solid-phase extraction & Liquid–liquid extraction.
Solid –phase extraction is suitable .
