The document discusses the importance of algae and various strategies for conserving them. It notes that algae play key roles in oxygen production, forming the base of aquatic food chains, and having medical and industrial uses. It also outlines threats like pollution, climate change, and habitat destruction. Conservation strategies discussed include establishing protected areas and reserves, employing sustainable harvesting practices, implementing pollution control measures, genetic conservation through seed banks, raising public awareness, and international cooperation.
What is ecosystem? Relation between ecosystem and aquaculture ForamVala
An ecosystem is any spatial or organizational unit that includes a community of living and non-living parts.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ means environment and ‘system’ implies, a complex of coordinated units.
It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere).
Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, lake, river, estuary, ocean, forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a city, or a garden.
An ecosystem is any spatial or organizational unit that includes a community of living and non-living parts.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ means environment and ‘system’ implies, a complex of coordinated units.
It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere).
Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, lake, river, estuary, ocean, forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a city, or a garden.
The relationship between ecosystems and aquaculture is complex and interconnected.
Aquaculture, also known as fish farming, involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and plants in controlled environments like ponds, tanks, or cages.
Ecosystems, on the other hand, are natural systems consisting of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment.
What is ecosystem? Relation between ecosystem and aquaculture ForamVala
An ecosystem is any spatial or organizational unit that includes a community of living and non-living parts.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ means environment and ‘system’ implies, a complex of coordinated units.
It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere).
Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, lake, river, estuary, ocean, forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a city, or a garden.
An ecosystem is any spatial or organizational unit that includes a community of living and non-living parts.
The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by A. G. Tansley (1935)- its ‘eco’ means environment and ‘system’ implies, a complex of coordinated units.
It may be as small as a puddle or as large as the entire earth (biosphere or ecosphere).
Further, an ecosystem may be natural as a pond, lake, river, estuary, ocean, forest, etc., or it may be man-made or artificial like an aquarium, a dam, a city, or a garden.
The relationship between ecosystems and aquaculture is complex and interconnected.
Aquaculture, also known as fish farming, involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and plants in controlled environments like ponds, tanks, or cages.
Ecosystems, on the other hand, are natural systems consisting of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment.
Seaweeds are taxonomically diverse group of marine plants from which the land plants diverged over fifty crore years ago, which are found in the coastal region between high tide to low tide and in the sub-tidal region up to a depth where 0.01 % photosynthetic light is available. Plant pigments, light, exposure, depth, temperature, tides and the shore characteristic combine to create a different environment that determines the distribution and variety among seaweeds. It contains photosynthetic pigments and with the help of sunlight and nutrient present in the seawater, they photosynthesize and produce food which have several health benefits and uses. The important to know about the ecology and distribution of seaweed and to distinguish the different algal groups based on their characteristics. In recent, the utilization of seaweed increased due to various available properties. The different usages are food, beauty enhancer, organic manure, fertilizer, feed complement, medicines, water treatments. This review is an attempt to highlights the seaweed with all the relevant application and uses.
Freshwater and coastal aquaculture development can benefit from internal and external experience for preventing environmental damage and for avoiding harmful effects of degradation on aquaculture resources. Strategies to compensate for the loss of aquatic fauna (e.g. due to physical obstructions) are directly linked to important environmental issues, such as the transfer of exotic species, the spread of diseases and loss of genetic diversity, eutrophication, impairment of aesthetic qualities and the disruption of indigenous fish stocks.
There presently, conceptual frameworks for aquatic environment management backed by legal and administrative tools to create or enforce ration systems for water management, land use or fisheries and aquaculture development strengthened by adaptive institutionalization.
What is Eutrophication and it's cause, what impacts on environment as well as on human and how to control it. All details shown in this ppt plus one case study.
waste water treatment through Algae and Cyanobacteriaiqraakbar8
Use of algae in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies.
Biodiversity- National and Global status, Hotspots of biodiversity Endangered and endemic species, Extinction, Significance, Causes, Levels of biodiversity, IUCN categories of threat, Red Data Book - advantages and disadvantages, local plants diversity of haryana, Biodiversity concepts, principles of conservation and strategies, major approaches to management, Protected areas network- wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves.
Standard water quality requirements and management strategies for fish farmin...eSAT Journals
A study on standard water quality requirements and management strategies suitable for fish farming is presented. The water quality criteria studied based on physical, chemical and biological properties of water include temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate- nitrogen, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total hardness. Water samples from Otamiri River in Imo state, Nigeria, were analyzed based on the afore-mentioned criteria to assess its suitability as a source of water for fish farming. The results of the analysis compared with international standards revealed that the river temperature of 26.90C, nitrate-nitrogen value of 0.015 mg/l and total suspended solids of 18.60 mg/l fall within the acceptable range for fish farming. However, the pH of 5.82, total hardness of 5.8 mg/l, total dissolved solids of 13.60 mg/l and biochemical oxygen demand of 0.6 mg/l all differed slightly from the standard recommended values. This study will aid fish farmers on the necessary treatment needed to effectively use water from this source for fish farming.
Keywords: Water quality criteria, Otamiri River, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended and total dissolved solids.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.10
bio-indicators. The present study is focused on the effective use of L. rohita, an economically significant carp as a
bio-indicator of zinc pollution through its several physiological, histopathological biomarkers. Primarily, acute toxicity
test is performed in which the carp fingerlings are exposed to different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 ppm) of
zinc sulphate. 96 hour LC50 value is determined to be 100 ppm. It is taken as lethal concentration and the fishes are
exposed to it for a period of 96 hours during which wide range of behavioural abnormalities are evidenced like general
hyperactivity, surfacing activity, hyper-opercular activity, and erratic swimming pattern. It is followed by loss of balance
and convolutions. One fifth of the lethal concentration is taken (i.e., 10 ppm) as sub-lethal concentration and fishes are
exposed to it for a period of 15 days during which growth, behaviour, oxygen consumption, histopathology, hematology
and genotoxicity are studied. Negative growth performance is observed with insignificant length increment up to 0.24 %
and significant weight reduction up to -2.38 %. Wide range of behavioural abnormalities are evidenced which includes,
erratic swimming, hyperactivity, surfacing activity and depression in appetite. Besides, general body discolouration and
haemorrhage are observed as well. Rate of oxygen consumption showed a time dependant decrease which ranged up to
-49.10%. Gills of the fishes are shown to have conspicuous histopathological alterations like lamellar necrosis, lamellar
fusion, lamellar erosion, epithelial lifting and epithelial swelling. Key-words- Bioindicator, L. rohita, Zinc sulphate, Growth, Behaviour, Oxygen Consumption, Histopathology
Climate Smart aquaculture/Agriculture is the approach towards sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors reducing the emission of GHG gases from aquaculture sector/agriculture sector at the same time increase the productivity that support the nutritional security of millions of people . Climate Smart aquaculture(CSA) topic was presented by me at college of fisheries lembucherra, agartala CAU, imphal. All the content and important data has been taken from authentic sources.
Pollutants-in-aquaculture-water and soil quality in aquacultureMUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
Pollutants of Concern for Aquaculture
Pollutants of concern often associated with aquaculture include: Total suspended solids, settleable solids. Biological wastes (metabolic waste, unconsumed feed) Floating and submerged matter
Seaweeds are taxonomically diverse group of marine plants from which the land plants diverged over fifty crore years ago, which are found in the coastal region between high tide to low tide and in the sub-tidal region up to a depth where 0.01 % photosynthetic light is available. Plant pigments, light, exposure, depth, temperature, tides and the shore characteristic combine to create a different environment that determines the distribution and variety among seaweeds. It contains photosynthetic pigments and with the help of sunlight and nutrient present in the seawater, they photosynthesize and produce food which have several health benefits and uses. The important to know about the ecology and distribution of seaweed and to distinguish the different algal groups based on their characteristics. In recent, the utilization of seaweed increased due to various available properties. The different usages are food, beauty enhancer, organic manure, fertilizer, feed complement, medicines, water treatments. This review is an attempt to highlights the seaweed with all the relevant application and uses.
Freshwater and coastal aquaculture development can benefit from internal and external experience for preventing environmental damage and for avoiding harmful effects of degradation on aquaculture resources. Strategies to compensate for the loss of aquatic fauna (e.g. due to physical obstructions) are directly linked to important environmental issues, such as the transfer of exotic species, the spread of diseases and loss of genetic diversity, eutrophication, impairment of aesthetic qualities and the disruption of indigenous fish stocks.
There presently, conceptual frameworks for aquatic environment management backed by legal and administrative tools to create or enforce ration systems for water management, land use or fisheries and aquaculture development strengthened by adaptive institutionalization.
What is Eutrophication and it's cause, what impacts on environment as well as on human and how to control it. All details shown in this ppt plus one case study.
waste water treatment through Algae and Cyanobacteriaiqraakbar8
Use of algae in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies.
Biodiversity- National and Global status, Hotspots of biodiversity Endangered and endemic species, Extinction, Significance, Causes, Levels of biodiversity, IUCN categories of threat, Red Data Book - advantages and disadvantages, local plants diversity of haryana, Biodiversity concepts, principles of conservation and strategies, major approaches to management, Protected areas network- wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves.
Standard water quality requirements and management strategies for fish farmin...eSAT Journals
A study on standard water quality requirements and management strategies suitable for fish farming is presented. The water quality criteria studied based on physical, chemical and biological properties of water include temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate- nitrogen, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total hardness. Water samples from Otamiri River in Imo state, Nigeria, were analyzed based on the afore-mentioned criteria to assess its suitability as a source of water for fish farming. The results of the analysis compared with international standards revealed that the river temperature of 26.90C, nitrate-nitrogen value of 0.015 mg/l and total suspended solids of 18.60 mg/l fall within the acceptable range for fish farming. However, the pH of 5.82, total hardness of 5.8 mg/l, total dissolved solids of 13.60 mg/l and biochemical oxygen demand of 0.6 mg/l all differed slightly from the standard recommended values. This study will aid fish farmers on the necessary treatment needed to effectively use water from this source for fish farming.
Keywords: Water quality criteria, Otamiri River, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended and total dissolved solids.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.10
bio-indicators. The present study is focused on the effective use of L. rohita, an economically significant carp as a
bio-indicator of zinc pollution through its several physiological, histopathological biomarkers. Primarily, acute toxicity
test is performed in which the carp fingerlings are exposed to different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 ppm) of
zinc sulphate. 96 hour LC50 value is determined to be 100 ppm. It is taken as lethal concentration and the fishes are
exposed to it for a period of 96 hours during which wide range of behavioural abnormalities are evidenced like general
hyperactivity, surfacing activity, hyper-opercular activity, and erratic swimming pattern. It is followed by loss of balance
and convolutions. One fifth of the lethal concentration is taken (i.e., 10 ppm) as sub-lethal concentration and fishes are
exposed to it for a period of 15 days during which growth, behaviour, oxygen consumption, histopathology, hematology
and genotoxicity are studied. Negative growth performance is observed with insignificant length increment up to 0.24 %
and significant weight reduction up to -2.38 %. Wide range of behavioural abnormalities are evidenced which includes,
erratic swimming, hyperactivity, surfacing activity and depression in appetite. Besides, general body discolouration and
haemorrhage are observed as well. Rate of oxygen consumption showed a time dependant decrease which ranged up to
-49.10%. Gills of the fishes are shown to have conspicuous histopathological alterations like lamellar necrosis, lamellar
fusion, lamellar erosion, epithelial lifting and epithelial swelling. Key-words- Bioindicator, L. rohita, Zinc sulphate, Growth, Behaviour, Oxygen Consumption, Histopathology
Climate Smart aquaculture/Agriculture is the approach towards sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors reducing the emission of GHG gases from aquaculture sector/agriculture sector at the same time increase the productivity that support the nutritional security of millions of people . Climate Smart aquaculture(CSA) topic was presented by me at college of fisheries lembucherra, agartala CAU, imphal. All the content and important data has been taken from authentic sources.
Pollutants-in-aquaculture-water and soil quality in aquacultureMUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
Pollutants of Concern for Aquaculture
Pollutants of concern often associated with aquaculture include: Total suspended solids, settleable solids. Biological wastes (metabolic waste, unconsumed feed) Floating and submerged matter
Similar to Conservation of micro and macro algal species (20)
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
2. Importance of Algae
Role in Oxygen Production
Contribution to Food Chains
Medicinal and Industrial Uses
3. Role in Oxygen Production
Algae, both in marine and freshwater environments, play a
crucial role in oxygen production, contributing significantly to
the Earth's oxygen cycle. They are involved in:
Photosynthesis
Oxygenic Photosynthesis:
Algae, like plants, perform oxygenic photosynthesis, the most
common form of photosynthesis on Earth.
During oxygenic photosynthesis, algae absorb sunlight through
chlorophyll and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into
sugars and oxygen.
Quantitative Impact:
Algae contribute significantly to global oxygen production. While
estimates vary, it is believed that more than half of the world's
oxygen is produced by marine plants, including algae.
Microscopic algae, such as phytoplankton, are particularly
important contributors to oxygen production.
4. Role in Oxygen Production
Balance in Ecosystems:
Oxygen produced by algae supports a healthy balance in aquatic
ecosystems, sustaining the life of various organisms, including
fish and other aquatic fauna.
The interconnectedness of these ecosystems underscores the
importance of algae in maintaining oxygen levels.
Global Impact:
The health of marine and freshwater ecosystems, where algae
thrive, directly impacts the oxygen content in the Earth's
atmosphere.
Conservation efforts targeting algae and their habitats are
essential for maintaining a stable and oxygen-rich environment.
Environmental Health:
Algae contribute to the overall health of ecosystems by
oxygenating water bodies. This is crucial for the survival of
aquatic organisms and the maintenance of biodiversity.
5. Contribution to Food Chains
Algae, as primary producers, form the foundation of aquatic food chains,
supporting diverse ecosystems.
Primary Producers
Phytoplankton and Zooplankton:
Phytoplankton, microscopic algae suspended in water, are a primary food source for
zooplankton.
Herbivorous Organisms:
Herbivorous organisms, such as small fish and invertebrates, feed on algae directly.
Transfer of Energy:
Energy from algae is transferred up the food chain as herbivores are consumed by
predators.
Fish and Higher Trophic Levels:
Small fish consume herbivores, incorporating the energy derived from algae into their
own biomass.
top predators, including birds and mammals, rely on these lower trophic levels for
sustenance.
Biodiversity Support:
The diversity of algae species contributes to the richness and diversity of species in
aquatic ecosystems.
Ecosystem Health:
6. Medicinal and Industrial Uses
Medicinal Uses:
Bioactive Compounds
Nutraceuticals
Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents
Wound Healing
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Industrial Uses
Biofuel Production
Agar and Carrageenan Production
Bioplastics
Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics
Aquaculture and Animal Feed
7. Threats to Algae
Pollution (Water and Air)
Climate Change
Habitat Destruction
8. Pollution (Water and Air)
Water Pollution:
Nutrient Runoff
Chemical Contaminants
Oil Spills
Acidification
Air Pollution:
Particulate Matter
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Airborne Toxins
9. Impact of pollution on Algae
Algal Blooms:
Nutrient pollution often leads to the formation of algal blooms,
characterized by rapid and excessive algae growth.
Algal blooms can deplete oxygen levels in water, leading to hypoxic or
anoxic conditions harmful to aquatic life.
Species Composition Changes:
Pollution can alter the composition of algal communities, favoring the
growth of certain species over others.
This can disrupt the balance in ecosystems and impact the overall
biodiversity.
Toxicity Issues:
Certain algae, under stressed conditions, may produce toxins.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can release toxins that are harmful to
aquatic organisms and pose risks to human health through the
consumption of contaminated water or seafood.
Habitat Degradation:
Pollution contributes to the degradation of aquatic habitats where algae
thrive.
Loss of suitable habitat and water quality degradation further stress algal
10. Impact of Climate Change on
Algae
1. Temperature Changes
2. Ocean Acidification:
Carbon Dioxide Absorption: Oceans act as a carbon sink, absorbing excess
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. However, this process leads to
ocean acidification.
Impact on Calcifying Algae: Algae with calcium carbonate structures, such as
certain types of diatoms, may face challenges as acidification affects their
ability to build and maintain shells.
3. Changes in Precipitation Patterns:
Altered Freshwater Inflows: Changes in precipitation patterns can affect the
salinity of water bodies. Algae adapted to specific salinity levels may face
challenges in adapting to altered freshwater inflows.
4. Extreme Weather Events:
5. Altered Nutrient Cycles
6. Sea Level Rise
7. Impact on Biodiversity
8. Increased Frequency of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
11. Impact of Habitat Destruction on
Algae
1. Loss of Niche Habitats:
Destruction of Coastal Ecosystems; Loss of Microenvironments
2. Changes in Light Availability:
Altered Light Penetration; Impact on Photosynthesis; Nutrient Cycling;
Runoff and Soil Erosion; Altered Nutrient Input
4. Pollution and Contamination:
Runoff of Pollutants; Water Quality Degradation
5. Loss of Biodiversity:
Direct and Indirect Impacts; Altered Community Dynamics
6. Displacement of Species:
Migration and Colonization Challenges; Competition and Adaptation
7. Impact on Ecosystem Services:
Loss of Ecosystem Functions; Reduced Resilience
8. Fragmentation of Habitats:
Isolation of Algal Populations; Genetic Diversity Concerns
13. Protected Areas and Reserves
Algae play a crucial role in maintaining
ecological balance and supporting various
ecosystems.
Protecting algal biodiversity is essential for
preserving ecosystem services, including
oxygen production, nutrient cycling, and
support for aquatic life.
14. Protected Areas and Reserves
Benefits of Protected Areas and Reserves:
Preservation of Biodiversity: Establishing
protected areas and reserves helps safeguard
diverse algal species and the ecosystems they
inhabit.
Research Opportunities: These areas
provide valuable opportunities for scientific
research, helping us better understand algal
biology, ecology, and the impacts of
environmental changes.
15. Protected Areas and Reserves
Identification and Mapping:
Surveying Algal Diversity: Before
establishing protected areas, it's crucial to
conduct thorough surveys to identify the
diversity of algal species present.
Mapping Habitats: Mapping algal habitats
within designated areas aids in the
development of effective conservation plans.
16. Protected Areas and Reserves
Legal Designation and Regulations:
Establishment of Protected Areas:
Governments and environmental organizations
can legally designate areas specifically for
algal conservation.
Enforcement of Regulations: Strict
regulations regarding human activities, such
as fishing, boating, and construction, within
these areas ensure minimal disturbance to
algal habitats.
17. Protected Areas and Reserves
Habitat Restoration:
Rehabilitation Efforts: Initiatives to restore
degraded algal habitats within protected areas
enhance their resilience.
Erosion Control Measures: Implementing
erosion control measures helps maintain the
integrity of algal habitats, especially in coastal
areas.
18. Protected Areas and Reserves
Community Engagement:
Education and Awareness: Involving local
communities in conservation efforts through
education programs fosters awareness and
appreciation for algal ecosystems.
Sustainable Practices: Encouraging
sustainable practices, such as responsible
tourism and fishing, helps minimize human
impact on algal habitats.
19. Protected Areas and Reserves
Monitoring and Research:
Long-Term Monitoring Programs: Regular
monitoring of algal populations and
environmental conditions within protected
areas provides data for assessing
conservation effectiveness.
Research Partnerships: Collaborations with
research institutions contribute to ongoing
studies on algal biology, ecology, and
responses to environmental changes.
20. Sustainable Harvesting
Practices
Key Practices:
Selective Harvesting:
Target Specific Species: Focus on harvesting specific algal
species, preserving biodiversity.
Non-Destructive Methods: Use gentle methods like hand
harvesting to reduce habitat impact.
Timing and Frequency:
Seasonal Harvesting: Consider seasonal patterns to prevent
over-exploitation and allow natural regeneration.
Optimal Frequency: Set harvesting schedules to provide
adequate recovery time for algal populations.
Quotas and Limits:
Regulatory Quotas: Establish and enforce quotas to limit harvest
volumes.
Prevent Over-Harvesting: Monitoring ensures compliance,
preventing depletion of algal resources.
21. Pollution Control Measures
Ecosystem-Based Solutions:
Wetland Restoration: Restore wetlands to act as
natural filters for water pollutants.
Green Infrastructure: Promote green
infrastructure projects to mitigate both water and
air pollution.
Advanced Monitoring:
Sensor Technologies: Deploy advanced sensors
for real-time monitoring of water and air quality.
Big Data Analytics: Utilize big data analytics to
identify pollution trends and sources.
23. Seed Bank Functions
Genetic Diversity Preservation:
Storage of Genetic Material: Seed banks store algal
samples, preserving genetic diversity for future use.
Preventing Extinction: Ensures the survival of rare
and endangered algal species.
Research and Development:
Scientific Studies: Provides researchers access to
diverse algal strains for studies on taxonomy,
physiology, and genetics.
Biotechnological Applications: Supports research
for potential applications in biotechnology, medicine,
and environmental monitoring.
27. Case Study
Successful Algae Conservation Projects: The Hawaiian
Anchialine Pool Restoration.
Project Overview:
Location: Hawaiian Islands, primarily focused on Maui and
Hawaii.
Partners: Collaborative effort involving government agencies,
local communities, and conservation organizations.
Duration: Initiated in 2005, ongoing with adaptive management
strategies.
Challenges:
Invasive Species: The introduction of invasive algae and non-
native species disrupted the delicate balance of native algal
communities.
Habitat Degradation: Urban development and agriculture
contributed to habitat destruction and water quality issues.
Climate Change: Rising sea levels and altered precipitation
patterns posed additional threats to anchialine pools.
28. Activity
Write a one page write-up on What
conservation strategies were used in the
above given Case study.
What were the results of the strategies used?