Prof Peter Anderson: Substance Use, Policy and Practice, Institute of Health and Society at Newcastle University and Professor, Alcohol and Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences at Maastricht University, Netherlands.
What is the current evidence between alcohol and cancer?
Presentation given by Giota Mitrou PhD MSc, Head of Research Funding and Science Activities, World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF International).
Health complications of various forms of tobacco such as Chewing tobacco, Snuff, Creamy snuff, Dipping tobacco, Gutka, Snus, Cigarette, Cigar, Bidi, Kretek and Hookah are discussed in this presentation.
It is a slide show about tobacco. It can be used for college seminars & other seminar related to cancer or tobacco......For description you can collect info's from internet of all slides.....A little editing is required as your need....
CEU for Counselors, Therapists, and Social Workers
The Rise of E-Cigarettes
The Vaping Problem
EVALI Update (as of 12/03/2019)
Public Health Solutions, Tools and Resources
What is the current evidence between alcohol and cancer?
Presentation given by Giota Mitrou PhD MSc, Head of Research Funding and Science Activities, World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF International).
Health complications of various forms of tobacco such as Chewing tobacco, Snuff, Creamy snuff, Dipping tobacco, Gutka, Snus, Cigarette, Cigar, Bidi, Kretek and Hookah are discussed in this presentation.
It is a slide show about tobacco. It can be used for college seminars & other seminar related to cancer or tobacco......For description you can collect info's from internet of all slides.....A little editing is required as your need....
CEU for Counselors, Therapists, and Social Workers
The Rise of E-Cigarettes
The Vaping Problem
EVALI Update (as of 12/03/2019)
Public Health Solutions, Tools and Resources
Cancer Epidemiology, Risk factors for most common types, mortality, prevention and yeild of cancer prevention. gender, geography, infections, tobacco, environmental riskk factors.
Cancer Awareness By Ms. Susmita Mitra
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Assessing Toxicity and Health Risks of E-cigarettes: How to Take Aim at a Mov...InsideScientific
To learn more and watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/assessing-toxicity-and-health-risks-of-e-cigarettes-how-to-take-aim-at-a-moving-target/
Tobacco research has long centered around identifying health risks associated with cigarettes. Decades of research, public-health initiatives and messaging have led to marked drops in global smoking rates, creating a niche for e-cigarettes to gain a foothold. Harm-reduction marketing campaigns and a lack of health data have contributed to the prevailing public perception that e-cigarettes are safer than traditional cigarettes. Despite a growing body of literature suggesting that vaping is far from benign, the rapid evolution of these products has resulted in a lag in the characterization of potential e-cigarette risks. Currently, most vaping research evaluates the health risks from e-cigarettes relative to those from cigarettes. Work by Dr. Karey and colleagues, however, recently identified evidence of unique vaping health effects, suggesting that these products—and how they’re used—may lead to risks not seen with cigarettes.
From vaping to obesity to viral pandemics, a growing number of scientists are being forced to pivot their research methodologies, outcomes, and assumptions to keep pace with new and emerging health crises and medical concerns. In this presentation, Dr. Karey will discuss how emerging vaping data challenge the convention that extant cigarette endpoints sufficiently capture the full spectrum of vaping risks. In addition, using both human cohorts and in vivo mouse studies, Dr. Karey will provide a translational framework for how to integrate scientific principles and novel conditions to foster dynamic and meaningful research even when your target is moving.
Key learning objectives:
Explore how differences in tobacco-product constituents and consumption may contribute to divergent product-specific health risks
Compare body of evidence for respiratory and cardiovascular consequences (including molecular and functional changes) associated with different tobacco products
View “conflicting data” as an opportunity—not a threat—to contextualize your science
Tailor research queries and experimental approaches to address evolving scientific priorities
Practical Points in Emergency CT for Emergency PhysiciansRathachai Kaewlai
The handout describes some brief practical points on emergency CT, particularly for emergency physicians. They include imaging utilisation trends, radiation dose, contrast reaction, contrast-induced nephropathy, use of oral contrast medium and some caveats on emergency CT (esp. abdomen)
Cancer Epidemiology, Risk factors for most common types, mortality, prevention and yeild of cancer prevention. gender, geography, infections, tobacco, environmental riskk factors.
Cancer Awareness By Ms. Susmita Mitra
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Assessing Toxicity and Health Risks of E-cigarettes: How to Take Aim at a Mov...InsideScientific
To learn more and watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/assessing-toxicity-and-health-risks-of-e-cigarettes-how-to-take-aim-at-a-moving-target/
Tobacco research has long centered around identifying health risks associated with cigarettes. Decades of research, public-health initiatives and messaging have led to marked drops in global smoking rates, creating a niche for e-cigarettes to gain a foothold. Harm-reduction marketing campaigns and a lack of health data have contributed to the prevailing public perception that e-cigarettes are safer than traditional cigarettes. Despite a growing body of literature suggesting that vaping is far from benign, the rapid evolution of these products has resulted in a lag in the characterization of potential e-cigarette risks. Currently, most vaping research evaluates the health risks from e-cigarettes relative to those from cigarettes. Work by Dr. Karey and colleagues, however, recently identified evidence of unique vaping health effects, suggesting that these products—and how they’re used—may lead to risks not seen with cigarettes.
From vaping to obesity to viral pandemics, a growing number of scientists are being forced to pivot their research methodologies, outcomes, and assumptions to keep pace with new and emerging health crises and medical concerns. In this presentation, Dr. Karey will discuss how emerging vaping data challenge the convention that extant cigarette endpoints sufficiently capture the full spectrum of vaping risks. In addition, using both human cohorts and in vivo mouse studies, Dr. Karey will provide a translational framework for how to integrate scientific principles and novel conditions to foster dynamic and meaningful research even when your target is moving.
Key learning objectives:
Explore how differences in tobacco-product constituents and consumption may contribute to divergent product-specific health risks
Compare body of evidence for respiratory and cardiovascular consequences (including molecular and functional changes) associated with different tobacco products
View “conflicting data” as an opportunity—not a threat—to contextualize your science
Tailor research queries and experimental approaches to address evolving scientific priorities
Practical Points in Emergency CT for Emergency PhysiciansRathachai Kaewlai
The handout describes some brief practical points on emergency CT, particularly for emergency physicians. They include imaging utilisation trends, radiation dose, contrast reaction, contrast-induced nephropathy, use of oral contrast medium and some caveats on emergency CT (esp. abdomen)
"Responsible drinking” has become a 21st-century mantra for how most people view alcohol consumption. But when it comes to cancer, a drop of alcohol also become dangerous
Joachim Schüz - A Review of the European Code against CancerIrish Cancer Society
Joachim Schüz, Head of the Section of Environment and Radiation at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, spoke about the latest review of the European Code against Cancer at the European Week Against Cancer in Dublin, Ireland on May 29th, 2013.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration, VDR polymorphisms and their Interac...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration, VDR polymorphisms and their Interaction are Associated with Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients - Lina Zgaga
The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for breast can...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for breast cancer – a prospective surveillance tool to identify rehabilitation needs - Marese Cooney
Developing a national strategy for research into cancer survivorship in the U...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Developing a national strategy for research into cancer survivorship in the UK - Dr Jim Elliott (UK NCRI)
Physical and psychological side-effects following prostate cancer treatments ...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Physical and psychological side-effects following prostate cancer treatments - Heather Kinnear
Cancer Survivorship: longer term issues and the role of primary care - Prof E...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Cancer Survivorship: longer term issues and the role of primary care - Prof Eila Watson (Oxford Brookes University).
Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Survivors in Urban and Rural Ireland ...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Survivors in Urban and Rural Ireland - Audrey Thomas
Markers of low socio-economic status and lack of social support are associate...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Alan O'Ceallachair, Linda Sharp, Eamonn O’Leary, Mairead Skally, Paul Hanly
Markers of low socio-economic status and lack of social support are associated with low health-related quality-of-life in colorectal cancer survivors
Developing a cancer survivorship research agenda - Prof Patricia GanzIrish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Developing a cancer survivorship research agenda: challenges & opportunities - Prof Patricia Ganz, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
Professor Sir Michael Marmot's Charles Cully Lecture on health inequalities a...Irish Cancer Society
The Irish Cancer Society hosts the annual Charles Cully Lecture in memory of one of the Society's founding members. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, one of the world's leading international experts on health inequalities, was the recipient of the Charles Cully Medal and gave the 2013 lecture on health inequalities and cancer.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Peter Anderson - Alcohol and Cancer
1. Alcohol and cancer
Peter Anderson MD, MPH, PhD
Professor, Substance Use, Policy and Practice, Institute of
Health and Society, Newcastle University, England
Professor, Alcohol and Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine
and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
Dublin 29 May 2013
2.
3. Overall evaluation
Alcoholic beverages cause cancer in
humans (Group 1)
Ethanol in alcoholic beverages causes
cancer in humans (Group 1)
Acetaldehyde associated with alcoholic
beverages causes cancer in humans
(Group 1) (Vol 100E)
4. In this presentation, we will:
1.Look in more detail at what IARC said
2.Consider the importance of alcohol-related
cancers
3.Consider toxicological thresholds
4.Mention alcohol and heart disease, and thus
consider alcohol’s overall contribution to harm
5.Discuss actions to reduce the harm done by
alcohol, including alcohol-caused cancers
5. In this presentation, we will:
1.Look in more detail at what IARC said
2.Consider the importance of alcohol-related
cancers
3.Consider toxicological thresholds
4.Mention alcohol and heart disease, and thus
consider alcohol’s overall contribution to harm
5.Discuss actions to reduce the harm done by
alcohol, including alcohol-caused cancers
6. International Agency for Research on Cancer:
Alcohol is a causal agent for cancers of:
Oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
Oesophagus
Liver
Colon
Rectum
Breast
7. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relativerisk
Grams alcohol consumption per day (10 grams = 1 drink)
Oral cavity & Pharynx (86%)
Larynx (43%)
Oesophagus (39%)
Breast (25%)
Liver (19%)
Rectum (9%)
Colon (5%)
Source: Corrao et al 2009
In brackets, increased risk at 20g/day compared with not drinking
8. Decline in risk of oesophageal cancer after drinking cessation
Source: Jarl & Gerdtham 2012
9. Relative risk of breast cancer by alcohol consumption
Source: Allen et al 2009
11. 6.1 Carcinogenicity in humans
1. There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity
of alcoholic beverages.
2. The occurrence of malignant tumours of the oral
cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colorectum and
female breast is causally related to the consumption of
alcoholic beverages.
3. There is substantial mechanistic evidence in humans who are
deficient in aldehyde dehydrogenase that acetaldehyde
derived from the metabolism of ethanol in alcoholic beverages
contributes to the causation of malignant oesophageal
tumours.
12. In this presentation, we will:
1.Look in more detail at what IARC said
2.Consider the importance of alcohol-related
cancers
3.Consider toxicological thresholds
4.Mention alcohol and heart disease, and thus
consider alcohol’s overall contribution to harm
5.Discuss actions to reduce the harm done by
alcohol, including alcohol-caused cancers
13. Alcohol-attributable deaths by disease groups for people aged
15-64 years living in EU in 2004. Total deaths: 138,000
Source: Rehm et al 2012
Cancer
19%
CVD
8%
Mental
Disorders
10%
Liver
cirrhosis
28%
Injuries
32%
Other
3%
26,000 deaths
14. Amongst people aged 15-64 years
living in the EU in 2004, 8% of all male
and 6% of all female cancer deaths
were due to alcohol.
Source: Rehm et al 2012
15. Number of alcohol-attributable cancers (95% CI) in women and men in
France, Italy, Spain, UK, Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Denmark in 2008.
Source: Schutze et al 2011
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Women Men
Number(000s) >12/24g per day
Total
16. In this presentation, we will:
1.Look in more detail at what IARC said
2.Consider the importance of alcohol-related
cancers
3.Consider toxicological thresholds
4.Mention alcohol and heart disease, and thus
consider alcohol’s overall contribution to harm
5.Discuss actions to reduce the harm done by
alcohol, including alcohol-caused cancers
17. The Margin of Exposure (MOE) compares a toxic
threshold of a substance with the exposure of the
substance.
The European Food Safety Authority judges MOEs
for carcinogens above 1,000 as low priority for
public health when based on human data.
This means that provided that the dose
consumed is 1,000 times less than the toxic
threshold, this is acceptable for public health
exposure (it does not mean that the consumption
is completely safe).
18. The toxic threshold of alcohol for human cancer is
about 50g alcohol (5 drinks a day). [This is based
on animal studies in which 10% develop cancer
from the equivalent dose].
19. Using European Food Safety Authority guidelines
on exposure to carcinogens in food and
drinks, exposure should be no more than one
thousandth the toxic dose, which works out at
50mg ethanol a day, about 20g alcohol (2 drinks)
a year.
20. EU adults who drink alcohol on average consume
about 30g (3 drinks) a day, 600 times more than
the exposure level set by the European Food
Safety Authority guidelines.
21. Based on one tenth the toxic dose, the
equivalent exposure for a non-carcinogenic
outcome, e.g. liver cirrhosis, should be no
more than about 3g (one third of a drink) a
day.
EU adults who drink consume 10 times this
amount.
Source: Lachenmeir et al 2011
22. In this presentation, we will:
1.Look in more detail at what IARC said
2.Consider the importance of alcohol-related
cancers
3.Consider toxicological thresholds
4.Mention alcohol and heart disease, and thus
consider alcohol’s overall contribution to harm
5.Discuss actions to reduce the harm done by
alcohol, including alcohol-caused cancers
23. Alcohol in small regular doses can reduce the risk
of ischaemic events, in particular ischaemic heart
disease.
This effect can be achieved at doses of 5g a day, is
moderated in overweight individuals, and
disappears with just one episode of binge drinking
(60g, six drinks, on one occasion) a month.
Source: Anderson 2013
24. Deaths prevented or caused by daily alcohol consumption for adults living in England
in 2006 compared to actual median alcohol consumption of 13g/day.
Source: Nichols et al 2012
-8000
-4000
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
24000
28000
32000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12 16 20 24 32 40 48
Liver disease
Cancer
CVD
Deaths due to
decreasing
consumption
Deaths due to
increasing
consumption
Median consumption →
25. In this presentation, we will:
1.Look in more detail at what IARC said
2.Consider the importance of alcohol-related
cancers
3.Consider toxicological thresholds
4.Mention alcohol and heart disease, and thus
consider alcohol’s overall contribution to harm
5.Discuss actions to reduce the harm done by
alcohol, including alcohol-caused cancers
27. In addition, consumers should be informed that
alcohol causes cancer through highly visible and
simple warning labels on all beverage containers.
28. And, we should encourage our friends and
colleagues to drink less.
29. Framingham Heart Study: Impact of fraction of
friends/family who abstained or drank heavily at one
examination on drinks/day at next examination.
Source: Rosenquist et al 2010
30. Conclusions:
1.Alcohol is a carcinogen, causing cancers of the
oral
cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colore
ctum and female breast.
31. 2. Adopting the standards of the European
Food Safety Authority for genotoxic
carcinogens, human exposure should be
no more than 50 milligrams of ethanol a
day. This is the same as about 20 grams
(2 drinks) a year.
32. 3. Alcohol should be strictly regulated with
price increases, reduced availability and
bans on all forms of commercial
communications.
33. 4. Brief advice (and treatment) should be
offered to all people with heavy drinking
(and alcohol use disorders).
34. 5. All alcohol beverage containers should
carry warning labels informing
consumers that alcohol causes cancer.
35. 6. We could all encourage each other to
drink less.