Ph. D. Scholar Department of Entomology Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur (Chhattisgarh)

1. Prepared By
Aaliya Afroz
Ph. D. Scholar
Dept. of Entomology, IGKV, Raipur

2. Steps / procedures in Classical Biological
Control
1. Planning
a Recognize that the pest is new novel
b. Identify the pest
c. Determine if the pest is native or introduced
d. Determine the likely origin of the pest
e. Assess knowledge of the pest or related species
f. Assess the feasibility of biological control
g. Survey indigenous natural enemies

3. h. Consider if there are beneficial insects that may be
impacted by the introduced biocontrol agents
i. Check for ongoing programmes in the world
j. Plan for exploration
k. Prepare laboratory at receivers end synchronize
exploration with preparations for quarantine

4. 2. Exploration
a. Sample the original regions where the pest is native
b. If the native range of the arthropod cannot be
confirmed, seek areas where the pest has been
reported for long period of time and explore
c. Within the pests native range (Eco zone) locate the
native habitats
d. Maximize the genetic diversity of organism by
collecting it from different habitats and in situation
of low density of target pest.

5. e. Sample using many ecological techniques
f. Make preliminary studies and confirm the
taxa, biology and host association
g. Prepare to ship natural enemies in their
resting stage

6. 3. Shipment
a. Ship the natural enemies in an adequate container
system
b. Utilize the fastest mode of transportation
c. Track the fate of shipment
4. Quarantine
a. Hold specimen in an exclusive quarantine facility
b. Identify all the taxa
c. Study the biology of taxa
d. Screen out undesirable taxa.

7. 5. Rearing techniques
a. Mass rear in laboratory
b. Update knowledge on the routes for cacti-ye
maintenance
6. Colonization
a. Select a safe site for releases. A public protected land is
favoured.
b. Select suitable sites for release
c. Time the release synchronizing with host prey stage

8. d. Determine if one or multiple releases are
needed
e. Determine release method
i. Open field release
ii. Caged release
iii. Limited cage releases

9. 7. Assessment and establishment
a. Confirm the establishment in numerous sites of
release.
b. Sample the area using different ecological techniques
c. Avoid destructive sampling
d. Repeat sampling periodically over years.

10. 8.Evaluation of success / failure
a. Abundance/distribution/density prior after
release
b. Exclusion techniques
I .Exclusion cages
II. Insecticidal exclusion technique
III. Hand removal
c. Inclusion / addition techniques
i. Inclusion cages
ii. Prey enrichment