This document discusses concepts related to leisure, recreation, and tourism. It defines leisure as time left over after work and chores, recreation as activities undertaken during leisure time, and tourism as temporary movement of people outside their normal residence for activities and facilities at those destinations. It provides examples of different types of recreation and discusses the continuum of recreational activities from home-based to international. It also categorizes different types of tourists.

1. STIEPAR YAPARI AKTRIPA
BANDUNG

2. Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Concept
Leisure is a measure of time and is usually used to mean the
Time left over after work, sleep, and personal and household
chores have been completed
Recreation is normally taken to mean the variety of activities
undertaken during leisure time. Basically, recreation refreshes a person’s
strength and spirit and can include activities as diverse as
watching television, or holidaying abroad.
Tourism is temporary movement of people to destinations outside
Their normal place of work and residence, the activities undertaken
During their stay in these destination and the facilities created
To cater for their need (Mathieson and Wall, 1982)

3. Leisure
The time available to an
individual when work, sleep,
and other basic needs have
been met
Pursuit engaged upon
during leisure time
Home-based
recreation
Reading,
gardening,
watching TV,
Socialization etc
Daily Leisure
Visiting theatre or
restaurant, sport
(as participant or
spectator)
socializing etc
Day trip
Visiting attraction,
picnicking etc
Tourism
Temporary movement of
people to destinations outside
their normal place of work
and residence, the activities
undertaken during their stay
in these destination and the
facilities created to cater for
their need
The recreation activity continuum
Geographical Range
Home Local Regional National
Internatio
nal
Work time
Business
travel

4. Fig 1.1 The Classification of Tourists

5. Custom
Imigration
Quarantine
wisman
Terminal
Transportasi
Transfer
Hotel
Restoran
Hiburan
Souvenir
MICE
Objek Wisata
OBJEK & DAYA
TARIK WISATA
Industri
Transportasi
•Bandara
•Energi
Jalan/Rell
Hasil Pertanian
Hasil Peternakan
Hasil Perikanan
Hasil Pertanian
Hasil Peternakan
Hasil Perikanan
Jasa Industri
Industri Pendukung
Usaha Inti Rakyat
Industri Pendukung
Wisatawan

6. Fig 3.1 Concept map for understanding tourist behaviour
(source: Tourist Behaviour, P.Pearce, 2005 © Channel View Publishers). Reproduced with permission.

7. Tourist
Physical
- Relaxation
- Sun tan
- Exercise and health
- Sex
Emotional
- Nostalgia
- Romance
- Adventure
- Escapism
- Fantasy
- Spiritual fullfilment
Personal
- Visiting friends and
relatives
- Make new friends
- Need to satisfy
others
Personal
Development
- increased
knowledge
- Learning new skill
Cultural
- sight seeing
- Experience new
culture
Status
- Exclusivity
- Fashionability
- Obtaining a good
deal
- Ostentatious
spending
opportunities

8. The organized mass tourist
Low on adventurousness he/she anxious to
maintain his/her ‘environmental bubble’ on
the trip. Typically purchasing a ready-made
package tour off-the-shelf, he/she is guided
through the destination having little contact
with local culture or people
The individual mass tourist
Similar to the above but more flexibility and
scope for personal choice is built-in.
However, the tour is still organized by the
tourism industry and the environmental
bubble shields him/her from the real
experience of the destination.
The explorer
The trip is organized independently and is
looking to get off the beaten track. However,
comfortable accommodation and reliable
transport are sought and whilst the
environmental bubble as abandoned on
occasion, it is there to step into things get
tough
The drifter
All connections with the tourism industry
are spurned and the trip attempt to get as far
from home and familiarity as possible. With
no fixed itinerary, the drifter lives with the
local people, paying his way and immersing
himself in their culture
Institutionalized Tourism
Dealt with routinely by the tourism industry
– tour operator, travel agent, hoteliers and
transport operator.
Non - institutionalized Tourism
Individual travel, shunning contact with the
tourism industry except where absolutely
necessary.
Familiarity
Novelty

9. Basic Tourism System
DemandSupply
Motivations
Perceptions
Expectations
Experience
Capital
Resources
Past experiences – preferences - Hearsay
Tourist Image
Physical Cultural Social Fantasy
Intermediaries
Facilities – Accessibility - Infrastructure
Tourist Product
Attraction Hospitality
Market Place
Source : Murphy

10. Basic Tourism System (cont’d)
Market
A Consumer behavior
approach to market demand
emphasizing both the
external and Internal
influences on travel including
the alternatives to travel,
the market inputs of
tourism suppliers, and the
process by which a buying
decision is reached
Destination
An identification of the
procedure that the
destination area should
follow to research, plan,
regulate, develop, and
service tourism activity
Marketing
An examination of the process
by which the destination area
and individual suppliers
market their products and
service to potential customers
with an emphasis on the
effective use of distribution
channels
Travel
A description and analysis of
major travel segments, travel
flows, and modes of
transportation used

11.  Destinations are places with some form of
actual or perceived boundary
 Physical boundaries
 Political boundaries
 Market-created boundaries
 Macrodestinations – the contains thousands
of microdestinations, including regions,
states, cities, towns, and even visitor
destinations within a town
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

12.  Destinations that fail to maintain the
necessary infrastructure or build
inappropriate infrastructure run significant
risks
 Violence, political instability, natural
catastrophe, adverse environmental factors,
and overcrowding can all diminish the
attractiveness of a destination
 What was the effect of 9/11 on US Tourism?
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

14.  Inventory the social, political, physical, and
economic environment
 Project trends
 Set goals and objectives
 Examine alternatives to reach goals
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

15.  Select preferred alternatives
 Develop implementation strategy
 Implement
 Evaluate
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

16. Prestige
Escape
Sexual
Opportunity
Family
Bonding
Relaxation
Social
Interaction
Education
Self-
discovery
Demand
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

17.  Direct employment
 Support industries and professions
 Multiplier effect
 Source of state and local taxes
 Stimulates exports of place-made
products
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

18.  Group or Independent traveler
 Degree of institutionalization and impact on
the destination
 Plog’s categorization
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

19.  Most commonly used
 Group Inclusive Tour (GIT)
 Independent Traveler (IT)
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

20.  Organized mass tourists
 Individual mass tourists
 Explorers
 Drifters
 Visiting friends/relatives
 Business travelers
 Pleasure travel
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

21.  Business and pleasure travelers
 Tag-along visitors
 Grief travel
 Education and religious travel
 Pass-through tourists
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

22.  Allocentrics are persons with a need for
new experiences, such as backpackers and
explorers
 Psychocentrics are persons who do not
desire change when they travel. They like
non-threatening places and to stay in
familiar surroundings
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

23. Fig 3.4 Plog’s psychographic traveller types

24.  Form an attractive image of destination
 Develop packages of attractions and
amenities
 Attractions alone do not attract visitors
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens

25.  All tourism businesses and agencies must
work together to promote a destination and
to ensure that visitors’ expectations are met
 Fam trips, sales calls, travel missions, etc
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens