This document provides an introduction to social science research. It discusses the scientific method, possible definitions of research, why research is conducted, different fields of research, and characteristics of research. The scientific method seeks to explain natural events in a reproducible way to make useful predictions. Research can be defined as a systematic investigation or experimentation to discover facts or revise theories. Research is conducted for knowledge, understanding, career purposes, and to improve quality of life. Fields include everyday, professional, development, and academic research. Scientific research aims to establish facts using abductive, deductive, and inductive reasoning. Hypotheses should be clear, specific, testable, and value-free predictions of relationships between variables. Objectives and variables
Quantitative research uses numbers and statistics to generalize findings about problems or inquiries. It employs standardized instruments to collect measurable data from large samples, which are then statistically analyzed to determine relationships between variables. There are experimental designs that manipulate variables and non-experimental designs that observe phenomena naturally. Common quantitative methods include surveys, correlations, experiments, ex post facto studies, comparisons, evaluations, and methodological designs.
Urban Neighbourhood Analysis (UNA) using Mixed Method Research DesignProf Ashis Sarkar
This presentation emphasizes on identification and analysis of 'urban neighbourhood'. Of the several methods of research, the 'mixed method' design has been discussed with examples.
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It explains that qualitative research aims to measure social phenomena numerically by analyzing numbers that represent features like attitudes and behaviors using statistical methods. Quantitative research designs like surveys and experiments are used to examine correlations between variables. Researchers remain independent and objective to prevent influencing results. The process takes a deductive approach, beginning with a hypothesis and using tests to see if it applies to a population. Data analysis involves reflection on numerical data to describe variables and test hypotheses. Qualitative research can produce valuable information but is very time consuming.
This document discusses correlational research designs. Correlational studies can show relationships between two variables to indicate cause and effect or predict future outcomes. There are three main types of correlational studies: observational research, survey research, and archival research. Correlational research allows analysis of relationships among many variables and provides correlation coefficients to measure direction and degree of relationships. Interpreting correlations involves scattergrams, correlation coefficients from -1 to 1, and determining explained variance through r-squared values. However, correlation does not necessarily prove causation as third variables could be the true cause.
This document discusses mixed methods research, which combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. It defines mixed methods as including the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data, methods, methodologies, and paradigms in a research study. The document explains that mixed methods research can obtain the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research by overcoming some of their individual limitations. Finally, it notes some of the strengths of mixed methods research, such as adding context and meaning through multiple methods, but also acknowledges that mixed methods can be more complex and time intensive than single method approaches.
The document discusses four examples of research questions related to correlation analysis. The examples examine: 1) the relationship between family income and student exam performance, 2) the relationship between knowledge of phonetic symbols and English motivation, 3) the relationship between university student admission type and academic performance, and 4) the relationship between prior IT coursework and performance in computer science. For each example, the document outlines the research question, variables, data collection method, hypothesis testing, analysis using correlation coefficients, and significance of findings.
Descriptive research involves collecting and organizing quantitative and qualitative data to describe events or situations without looking for relationships or causes. It aims to answer questions about what currently exists, such as teachers' attitudes toward technology or how students interact with educational programs. Common descriptive research methods include surveys, interviews, observations, and collecting student portfolios. Descriptive research provides an understanding of current conditions that can help identify areas for improvement.
This document provides an introduction to social science research. It discusses the scientific method, possible definitions of research, why research is conducted, different fields of research, and characteristics of research. The scientific method seeks to explain natural events in a reproducible way to make useful predictions. Research can be defined as a systematic investigation or experimentation to discover facts or revise theories. Research is conducted for knowledge, understanding, career purposes, and to improve quality of life. Fields include everyday, professional, development, and academic research. Scientific research aims to establish facts using abductive, deductive, and inductive reasoning. Hypotheses should be clear, specific, testable, and value-free predictions of relationships between variables. Objectives and variables
Quantitative research uses numbers and statistics to generalize findings about problems or inquiries. It employs standardized instruments to collect measurable data from large samples, which are then statistically analyzed to determine relationships between variables. There are experimental designs that manipulate variables and non-experimental designs that observe phenomena naturally. Common quantitative methods include surveys, correlations, experiments, ex post facto studies, comparisons, evaluations, and methodological designs.
Urban Neighbourhood Analysis (UNA) using Mixed Method Research DesignProf Ashis Sarkar
This presentation emphasizes on identification and analysis of 'urban neighbourhood'. Of the several methods of research, the 'mixed method' design has been discussed with examples.
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It explains that qualitative research aims to measure social phenomena numerically by analyzing numbers that represent features like attitudes and behaviors using statistical methods. Quantitative research designs like surveys and experiments are used to examine correlations between variables. Researchers remain independent and objective to prevent influencing results. The process takes a deductive approach, beginning with a hypothesis and using tests to see if it applies to a population. Data analysis involves reflection on numerical data to describe variables and test hypotheses. Qualitative research can produce valuable information but is very time consuming.
This document discusses correlational research designs. Correlational studies can show relationships between two variables to indicate cause and effect or predict future outcomes. There are three main types of correlational studies: observational research, survey research, and archival research. Correlational research allows analysis of relationships among many variables and provides correlation coefficients to measure direction and degree of relationships. Interpreting correlations involves scattergrams, correlation coefficients from -1 to 1, and determining explained variance through r-squared values. However, correlation does not necessarily prove causation as third variables could be the true cause.
This document discusses mixed methods research, which combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. It defines mixed methods as including the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data, methods, methodologies, and paradigms in a research study. The document explains that mixed methods research can obtain the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research by overcoming some of their individual limitations. Finally, it notes some of the strengths of mixed methods research, such as adding context and meaning through multiple methods, but also acknowledges that mixed methods can be more complex and time intensive than single method approaches.
The document discusses four examples of research questions related to correlation analysis. The examples examine: 1) the relationship between family income and student exam performance, 2) the relationship between knowledge of phonetic symbols and English motivation, 3) the relationship between university student admission type and academic performance, and 4) the relationship between prior IT coursework and performance in computer science. For each example, the document outlines the research question, variables, data collection method, hypothesis testing, analysis using correlation coefficients, and significance of findings.
Descriptive research involves collecting and organizing quantitative and qualitative data to describe events or situations without looking for relationships or causes. It aims to answer questions about what currently exists, such as teachers' attitudes toward technology or how students interact with educational programs. Common descriptive research methods include surveys, interviews, observations, and collecting student portfolios. Descriptive research provides an understanding of current conditions that can help identify areas for improvement.
Survey and correlational methods of research: Assumptions, Steps and Pros and...Michael J Leo
The document discusses two research methods: correlational research and survey research. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more naturally occurring variables without manipulating them experimentally. It allows investigating variables that may be unethical or impractical to test experimentally, and offers theoretical advantages over experiments. Survey research efficiently collects large amounts of information from respondents using standardized questions and statistical analysis. It is flexible, relatively free from errors, and economical for data collection. Both methods are important tools for collecting data and making inferences, though they each have limitations such as inability to determine causation.
A presentation about the added value of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. It begins with a brief discussion of qualitative research and how it is distinct from yet shares basic principles with quantitative research, followed by a discussion of four important ways mixed methods -- integrating qualitative and quantitative -- adds value to our research efforts, and then a discussion of mixed methods research -- what it is, typologies, alternatives to typologies, and the use of diagrams.
Quantitative research focuses on collecting numerical or measurable data to explain phenomena or generalize results across groups of people. The main purposes of quantitative research are to quantify variables, examine relationships between variables, and determine cause-and-effect interactions. Quantitative research uses tools like questionnaires, surveys, and other structured instruments to collect large amounts of numerical data from representative samples. Common types of quantitative research include experimental, descriptive, correlational, comparative, and ex-post facto designs. The methodology of quantitative research follows the scientific method to form hypotheses and use statistical analysis to prove or disprove hypotheses.
This document is a presentation on research methodology and hypotheses. It contains the following key points:
- A hypothesis is a suggested answer to a research problem that is formulated based on generalizations and assumptions about relationships between variables. It is tested using collected data.
- Characteristics of a hypothesis include conjecturing about relationships between two or more variables, being clearly stated in a declarative sentence, and being testable and able to be evaluated based on data.
- The "null hypothesis" assumes there is no significant relationship or difference and seeks to disprove this assumption. It is easier to disprove than an alternative hypothesis.
- Hypotheses can be derived from problem statements and aim to explain observed facts or
Correlational research investigates relationships between two variables without determining cause and effect. It can help explain behaviors and predict outcomes. The process involves selecting variables and participants, choosing valid and reliable instruments, collecting data on multiple variables for each subject, and computing a correlation coefficient to determine the strength and direction of relationships. Correlation coefficients range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating stronger linear relationships and positive or negative signs indicating the direction of relationships between variables.
This document presents a presentation on qualitative vs quantitative research. It defines qualitative research as a scientific method to gather non-numerical data through methods like in-depth interviews to understand human behaviors and motivations. Quantitative research is defined as using statistical techniques to measure phenomena that can be expressed in quantities and test hypotheses. The document provides several comparisons between qualitative and quantitative research in their approaches, data types, sampling, and focus on generating or testing theories.
This document outlines and defines various types of research. It discusses fundamental/basic research which aims to develop new theories without specific applications. Applied research seeks to solve practical problems through field work and utilizing existing principles. Action research aims to find workable solutions to specific local problems. Other types discussed include quantitative vs qualitative research, conceptual vs empirical, descriptive vs analytical, evaluation research, survey research, experimental research, and ex post facto research. The document provides definitions and examples of each type to classify different approaches to research.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. There are four basic methods of collecting data in survey research: direct to group, email, telephone, and personal interview.
2. We conduct survey research to collect information by asking questions. It allows us to describe characteristics of a population.
3. The purpose of a survey is to collect data that describes one or more characteristics of a specific population. It can be used to learn about people's behaviors, opinions, attitudes, etc.
4. We use correlational research to determine the relationship among two or more variables without influencing them. It allows us to investigate possible relationships between variables.
5. The basic steps in correlational research are: problem selection,
Quantitative research aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships through precise hypotheses, controlled independent variables, and objective, numerically represented data. Qualitative research seeks to describe natural processes through flexible designs, purposefully selected samples, narrative data, and logical analyses to understand phenomena holistically rather than simplified variables. The key differences are that quantitative research controls for validity through design while qualitative research relies on the researcher, and quantitative conclusions are stated with certainty while qualitative conclusions are tentative.
This document provides an overview of descriptive research. Descriptive research aims to accurately describe or characterize a situation or phenomenon without attempting to manipulate variables. It uses quantitative methods to describe what exists, including relationships between non-manipulated variables. The purpose is to obtain information about current status and describe "what is" in terms of situational variables. Common types of descriptive research include observation studies, correlational research, and survey research. The document also discusses issues, sampling techniques, interrelationship studies, developmental studies, and purposes of descriptive research.
Quantitative data analysis - Attitudes Towards ResearchLee Cox
This presentation aims to analyze survey data on attitudes towards research. However, the data set has limitations like missing key demographic details and being an opportunistic sample of 50 respondents. While the data could still be analyzed, issues are identified like ambiguous questions and a lack of raw data. Better approaches for analysis include categorizing roles, formatting questions clearly, and applying statistical tests to check for significance. Presenting findings would require directly answering the research question, conclusions, and validating interpretations with supporting data and considering alternatives.
This document discusses research and development. It defines research as systematic investigation to establish or confirm facts, while development refers to growing, progressing, or improving something. Research and development comprise creative work to increase knowledge and develop new applications.
The document then classifies research into three types: basic research which expands general knowledge; applied research which applies basic knowledge to solve problems; and experimental development which applies known facts and theory to solve particular problems through exploratory studies.
Finally, the document discusses research methods, distinguishing quantitative methods which use numerical data and controls to measure phenomena, from qualitative methods which probe contexts deeply to obtain in-depth understandings of participant perspectives.
The document discusses correlational research, which examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. Correlational research involves collecting empirical data on variables from the same group of subjects. It determines if variables covary or occur together but does not prove causation. Positive correlations indicate variables increase together, while negative correlations mean they increase in opposite directions. Correlational research is often exploratory and can be used to identify variables for later experimental research.
The document discusses quantitative research design and methodology. It describes different quantitative research methods such as surveys, interviews, and physical counts. It explains that quantitative research aims to discover how many people think, act, or feel in a certain way by using large sample sizes. The document also summarizes different quantitative research designs like descriptive, experimental, correlational, and quasi-experimental designs. It provides details on data analysis methods in quantitative research including descriptive and inferential statistics.
The document discusses research topics, questions, and hypotheses. It provides an example of a topic on interactive whiteboards, with related research questions and hypotheses about the impact of teacher training on student test scores. It also discusses qualitative and quantitative approaches to researching the topic of weight gain in women after marriage. A qualitative approach may involve observational case studies to look for commonalities in behaviors and choices among married women. A quantitative approach could use observational studies and a questionnaire to assign point values to daily habits and come to a conclusion about what attributes most to weight gain.
Chapter Three - Evidence-Based PracticeSascia Hayden
A summary of chapter three, Evidence-Based Practice, in e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning by Ruth C. Clark and Richard E. Mayer.
Business research methods-project workKamal Subedi
The document discusses different aspects of project work for business research methods. It defines project work as an organized investigation into activities or events within a specific situation to gather and analyze data. Project work is field-based and conducted under a supervisor. It involves inquiry, investigation, observation and examination to discover new facts and understand realities. The purposes of project work are to provide insight, develop skills, and promote learning. Key aspects of project work include selecting topics, locating information sources, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and writing a report. Common methods described are exploratory/descriptive studies, case studies, small-scale surveys, and feasibility studies.
This document provides an overview and template for conducting independent research. It discusses key aspects of the research process such as defining the research problem, identifying independent and dependent variables, developing hypotheses, choosing an appropriate research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting conclusions. Sample topics are provided to illustrate each step, such as examining factors that could contribute to an university's internet server crashing each July. The document concludes by listing references that were consulted in creating the research overview and template.
The document shows the demand for natural polymers by market in 2011, totaling $3.3 billion. Medical uses accounted for the largest portion at 21.1%, followed by food and beverages at 28.5% and oilfield applications at 15.5%. The remaining markets, such as packaging, adhesives, construction, paint and inks, cosmetics and toiletries, and textiles, each accounted for less than 10% of the total demand for natural polymers.
How To Increase Your Conversational LuckGeorge Hutton
The document discusses the role of luck in success. It notes that while luck plays a factor, successful people are often prepared to take advantage of opportunities. True success comes from consistent, long-term effort and practice rather than hoping to win the lottery. Building skills through small, daily practices can help achieve success more than relying on chance meetings or events.
Survey and correlational methods of research: Assumptions, Steps and Pros and...Michael J Leo
The document discusses two research methods: correlational research and survey research. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more naturally occurring variables without manipulating them experimentally. It allows investigating variables that may be unethical or impractical to test experimentally, and offers theoretical advantages over experiments. Survey research efficiently collects large amounts of information from respondents using standardized questions and statistical analysis. It is flexible, relatively free from errors, and economical for data collection. Both methods are important tools for collecting data and making inferences, though they each have limitations such as inability to determine causation.
A presentation about the added value of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. It begins with a brief discussion of qualitative research and how it is distinct from yet shares basic principles with quantitative research, followed by a discussion of four important ways mixed methods -- integrating qualitative and quantitative -- adds value to our research efforts, and then a discussion of mixed methods research -- what it is, typologies, alternatives to typologies, and the use of diagrams.
Quantitative research focuses on collecting numerical or measurable data to explain phenomena or generalize results across groups of people. The main purposes of quantitative research are to quantify variables, examine relationships between variables, and determine cause-and-effect interactions. Quantitative research uses tools like questionnaires, surveys, and other structured instruments to collect large amounts of numerical data from representative samples. Common types of quantitative research include experimental, descriptive, correlational, comparative, and ex-post facto designs. The methodology of quantitative research follows the scientific method to form hypotheses and use statistical analysis to prove or disprove hypotheses.
This document is a presentation on research methodology and hypotheses. It contains the following key points:
- A hypothesis is a suggested answer to a research problem that is formulated based on generalizations and assumptions about relationships between variables. It is tested using collected data.
- Characteristics of a hypothesis include conjecturing about relationships between two or more variables, being clearly stated in a declarative sentence, and being testable and able to be evaluated based on data.
- The "null hypothesis" assumes there is no significant relationship or difference and seeks to disprove this assumption. It is easier to disprove than an alternative hypothesis.
- Hypotheses can be derived from problem statements and aim to explain observed facts or
Correlational research investigates relationships between two variables without determining cause and effect. It can help explain behaviors and predict outcomes. The process involves selecting variables and participants, choosing valid and reliable instruments, collecting data on multiple variables for each subject, and computing a correlation coefficient to determine the strength and direction of relationships. Correlation coefficients range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating stronger linear relationships and positive or negative signs indicating the direction of relationships between variables.
This document presents a presentation on qualitative vs quantitative research. It defines qualitative research as a scientific method to gather non-numerical data through methods like in-depth interviews to understand human behaviors and motivations. Quantitative research is defined as using statistical techniques to measure phenomena that can be expressed in quantities and test hypotheses. The document provides several comparisons between qualitative and quantitative research in their approaches, data types, sampling, and focus on generating or testing theories.
This document outlines and defines various types of research. It discusses fundamental/basic research which aims to develop new theories without specific applications. Applied research seeks to solve practical problems through field work and utilizing existing principles. Action research aims to find workable solutions to specific local problems. Other types discussed include quantitative vs qualitative research, conceptual vs empirical, descriptive vs analytical, evaluation research, survey research, experimental research, and ex post facto research. The document provides definitions and examples of each type to classify different approaches to research.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. There are four basic methods of collecting data in survey research: direct to group, email, telephone, and personal interview.
2. We conduct survey research to collect information by asking questions. It allows us to describe characteristics of a population.
3. The purpose of a survey is to collect data that describes one or more characteristics of a specific population. It can be used to learn about people's behaviors, opinions, attitudes, etc.
4. We use correlational research to determine the relationship among two or more variables without influencing them. It allows us to investigate possible relationships between variables.
5. The basic steps in correlational research are: problem selection,
Quantitative research aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships through precise hypotheses, controlled independent variables, and objective, numerically represented data. Qualitative research seeks to describe natural processes through flexible designs, purposefully selected samples, narrative data, and logical analyses to understand phenomena holistically rather than simplified variables. The key differences are that quantitative research controls for validity through design while qualitative research relies on the researcher, and quantitative conclusions are stated with certainty while qualitative conclusions are tentative.
This document provides an overview of descriptive research. Descriptive research aims to accurately describe or characterize a situation or phenomenon without attempting to manipulate variables. It uses quantitative methods to describe what exists, including relationships between non-manipulated variables. The purpose is to obtain information about current status and describe "what is" in terms of situational variables. Common types of descriptive research include observation studies, correlational research, and survey research. The document also discusses issues, sampling techniques, interrelationship studies, developmental studies, and purposes of descriptive research.
Quantitative data analysis - Attitudes Towards ResearchLee Cox
This presentation aims to analyze survey data on attitudes towards research. However, the data set has limitations like missing key demographic details and being an opportunistic sample of 50 respondents. While the data could still be analyzed, issues are identified like ambiguous questions and a lack of raw data. Better approaches for analysis include categorizing roles, formatting questions clearly, and applying statistical tests to check for significance. Presenting findings would require directly answering the research question, conclusions, and validating interpretations with supporting data and considering alternatives.
This document discusses research and development. It defines research as systematic investigation to establish or confirm facts, while development refers to growing, progressing, or improving something. Research and development comprise creative work to increase knowledge and develop new applications.
The document then classifies research into three types: basic research which expands general knowledge; applied research which applies basic knowledge to solve problems; and experimental development which applies known facts and theory to solve particular problems through exploratory studies.
Finally, the document discusses research methods, distinguishing quantitative methods which use numerical data and controls to measure phenomena, from qualitative methods which probe contexts deeply to obtain in-depth understandings of participant perspectives.
The document discusses correlational research, which examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. Correlational research involves collecting empirical data on variables from the same group of subjects. It determines if variables covary or occur together but does not prove causation. Positive correlations indicate variables increase together, while negative correlations mean they increase in opposite directions. Correlational research is often exploratory and can be used to identify variables for later experimental research.
The document discusses quantitative research design and methodology. It describes different quantitative research methods such as surveys, interviews, and physical counts. It explains that quantitative research aims to discover how many people think, act, or feel in a certain way by using large sample sizes. The document also summarizes different quantitative research designs like descriptive, experimental, correlational, and quasi-experimental designs. It provides details on data analysis methods in quantitative research including descriptive and inferential statistics.
The document discusses research topics, questions, and hypotheses. It provides an example of a topic on interactive whiteboards, with related research questions and hypotheses about the impact of teacher training on student test scores. It also discusses qualitative and quantitative approaches to researching the topic of weight gain in women after marriage. A qualitative approach may involve observational case studies to look for commonalities in behaviors and choices among married women. A quantitative approach could use observational studies and a questionnaire to assign point values to daily habits and come to a conclusion about what attributes most to weight gain.
Chapter Three - Evidence-Based PracticeSascia Hayden
A summary of chapter three, Evidence-Based Practice, in e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning by Ruth C. Clark and Richard E. Mayer.
Business research methods-project workKamal Subedi
The document discusses different aspects of project work for business research methods. It defines project work as an organized investigation into activities or events within a specific situation to gather and analyze data. Project work is field-based and conducted under a supervisor. It involves inquiry, investigation, observation and examination to discover new facts and understand realities. The purposes of project work are to provide insight, develop skills, and promote learning. Key aspects of project work include selecting topics, locating information sources, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and writing a report. Common methods described are exploratory/descriptive studies, case studies, small-scale surveys, and feasibility studies.
This document provides an overview and template for conducting independent research. It discusses key aspects of the research process such as defining the research problem, identifying independent and dependent variables, developing hypotheses, choosing an appropriate research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting conclusions. Sample topics are provided to illustrate each step, such as examining factors that could contribute to an university's internet server crashing each July. The document concludes by listing references that were consulted in creating the research overview and template.
The document shows the demand for natural polymers by market in 2011, totaling $3.3 billion. Medical uses accounted for the largest portion at 21.1%, followed by food and beverages at 28.5% and oilfield applications at 15.5%. The remaining markets, such as packaging, adhesives, construction, paint and inks, cosmetics and toiletries, and textiles, each accounted for less than 10% of the total demand for natural polymers.
How To Increase Your Conversational LuckGeorge Hutton
The document discusses the role of luck in success. It notes that while luck plays a factor, successful people are often prepared to take advantage of opportunities. True success comes from consistent, long-term effort and practice rather than hoping to win the lottery. Building skills through small, daily practices can help achieve success more than relying on chance meetings or events.
Blast Away Fear Of Mistakes By Expanding Your GoalsGeorge Hutton
http://mindpersuasion.com/ir/
It's important to know where you've been, but it's much more important to have a very clear and very strong idea of where you are going. Learn How: http://mindpersuasion.com/ir/
Internet es una red de redes que interconecta computadoras y redes de computadoras a través de diferentes medios como cable coaxial, fibra óptica o radiofrecuencia para compartir recursos. Para acceder a Internet, los usuarios contratan un proveedor de servicios de Internet que les proporciona acceso a través de hardware como líneas digitales o cable. Una vez conectados, los usuarios actúan como clientes que utilizan los recursos ofrecidos por los servidores, mientras que los nodos se encargan de la gestión y control del tráfico en la
La minería en Cerro de Pasco ha causado graves daños ambientales durante décadas. Los residentes sufren altos niveles de plomo y otros metales pesados en el agua y el suelo debido a las descargas tóxicas de las minas. El gobierno peruano finalmente ha comenzado a tomar medidas para limpiar el área y ofrecer atención médica a los residentes afectados.
A Structural Equation Modelling of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneu...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses the differences between theoretical frameworks and conceptual frameworks. It provides examples of each from educational research, health psychology research, marketing research, and environmental economics research. A theoretical framework uses a single formal theory to understand a research problem, while a conceptual framework incorporates one or more theories along with other concepts from literature. The decision to use a theoretical framework or conceptual framework depends on whether established theories apply to the research topic or if unique variables require exploration. Aligning a statement of problem with the chosen framework establishes context, clarifies rationale, frames research questions, provides a theoretical lens, and ensures consistency.
Running head IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE1.docxwlynn1
Running head: IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE
1
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE
8
Impact of social media on student’s performance
Rodriquez Mitchell
Northcentral University
Introduction
In my selection of an article which fits the assignment criteria I zeroed down to a peer-reviewed article entitled “Impact of social media on student’s performance”. The article was authored in 2013 by Sara Selvaraj of Vels University. This work posits to explain the issue being addressed in the research article, the purpose of the work, provide a summary of the research questions therein, describe both the null and alternative hypothesis used by the author, show application of the conceptual framework, and discuss the methodology used and the limitation of the article.
Describe the problem or issue addressed.
The main issue addressed in the article is the consequences of students using social networking platforms. This means the impact that social networking has on the education system. As evident from the literature part of the work social networking sites are not meant to have a negative effect on the education system. However, it has turned out that there is an array of negative effects of using social networking sites by students. One of these problems is prompted by social networking site addiction. Students with access to the internet and have social media networking sites accounts spend a significant time of their day on these sites. The impact of that is the students are left with little or no time for their personal studies hence cannot submit things like assignments in a timely fashion (Selvaraj, 2013). Secondly, the students are poised to fail their examinations or experience a decline in their academic scores. The article attempts to show the severity of this problem and provide proof that indeed the problems exist.
Describe the purpose or intent of the study.
The article has 3 main objectives or intents. The first objective is to determine the influence of various social networking sites on student’s academic performance. Young children or generation is one of the most affected by social networking sites. The study tries to investigate the difference between the performance of the students before starting to use the sites and the performance after starting to use the sites. The second objective of the study is to investigate how the education system in totality has been impacted by social networking sites. This objective arises from the knowledge that not only student use the sites. The websites are used nearly by everyone in the sector irrespective of age, position and professional. This use must have an effect and it’s this impact that the work tries to unravel. The third objective of the study is to determine the motivation behind the use of social networking sites. These are the uses which are prompting individuals to sign up of social media accounts. The work also tries to discover the uses of the si.
This document provides an overview of business research methods. It discusses the definition and key features of research, as well as the importance and purpose of research. It also defines different types of research including business research, social research, and educational research. The document outlines the characteristics of good research and some limitations of research. Finally, it discusses the role and requirements of theory in research.
This document outlines the key parts of an introduction section for a research paper. It discusses including background information on the broad topic and gaps in existing research. It also covers developing a conceptual framework to explain how the research problem will be explored. The conceptual framework should present an integrated way of looking at the problem under study. The document also discusses including a conceptual model or paradigm to depict the study intent and anticipated variable relationships. It provides guidance on crafting a clear statement of the problem including general and specific research objectives/questions. The introduction should also include hypotheses if applicable, define the significance of the study, and outline the scope and limitations of the research. Key terms should be defined operationally or conceptually.
Hypotheis, Conceptual Model and Theoretical framework. pptJet Tamagos
This document discusses different types of hypotheses used in educational research. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative explanation or prediction about the relationship between variables that can be tested. The main types discussed are research hypotheses, null hypotheses, and conceptual models/theoretical frameworks. Research hypotheses propose a relationship between variables, while null hypotheses propose no relationship. Conceptual models and theoretical frameworks provide maps and structures to help understand phenomena being studied. Examples are provided of how a research problem can relate to a research hypothesis and corresponding null hypothesis. Assumptions and how they differ from hypotheses are also explained.
A Guide to Conducting a Meta-Analysis.pdfTina Gabel
This document provides guidance on conducting a meta-analysis. It discusses the advantages of meta-analysis over narrative literature reviews, including that meta-analyses systematically combine results across studies and account for differences in study characteristics. It recommends including at least 20-30 studies for a meta-analysis to draw reliable conclusions. The document outlines the steps for selecting studies through systematic searches of databases, extracting common effect sizes, and using statistical models to analyze and summarize the data in a meta-analysis.
This document provides an overview of the core course titled "Business Research Methods" for the 5th semester B.Com/BBA program at the University of Calicut School of Distance Education. It includes chapters on business research, planning research and the research process, research design, measurement and scaling, data processing, and research reporting. The document was prepared by two assistant professors and scrutinized by an associate professor from the university's Department of Commerce. It provides study material and content for students in the core course on research methods.
The document discusses research methodology for a study on improving 4th grade students' ability to solve math word problems. It proposes using action research with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data will be collected before and after an intervention to measure students' growth. Qualitative data, such as an anonymous survey, will gather students' responses about the benefits of methods taught. The research aims to effectively improve students' understanding of word problems and determine the perceived benefits of using a graphic organizer strategy.
Action Research An Approach To Student Work Based LearningSamantha Martinez
This document discusses using action research as an approach for student work-based learning projects. It provides an overview of action research and how it can be applied to such projects.
The key points are:
- Action research involves tight coupling between research and action, with the researcher actively involved in planning and introducing changes. It aims to both solve problems and generate new knowledge.
- The action research process follows a cycle of diagnosing issues, planning action, taking action, and evaluating the effects of that action to inform further cycles.
- For student projects, action research provides a framework for linking theory and practice, research design, reflection, and reporting outcomes.
- An important part of action research is
This document provides summaries of different research study designs by briefly describing examples of each design type. The designs included are: experimental, correlational, survey, grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative research, mixed methods, and action research. For each example a few key details are given such as the research topic, methodology used, and findings or purpose of the study to illustrate how it fits the particular design classification.
The document summarizes and analyzes two educational studies - a quantitative study on classroom support for at-risk students, and a qualitative case study on a teacher's learning in a multicultural curriculum course. It finds that while the individual studies were effective, combining quantitative and qualitative methods would have produced stronger conclusions. A mixture of methods allows statistical correlations to be shared alongside an in-depth analysis of behaviors and interactions. The document concludes that as a new researcher, qualitative research can complement any quantitative study by providing different perspectives to draw fewer gaps in conclusions.
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Personalized E-learning seeks to provide each individual learner with the right and
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The document discusses qualitative research methods. It defines qualitative research as exploring and describing phenomena through subjective and inductive strategies. Some key points made include:
- Qualitative research aims to answer questions about why and how things occur.
- There are three main purposes: exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive. Exploratory research discovers patterns in phenomena, while explanatory research identifies relationships shaping phenomena and descriptive research documents phenomena of interest.
- Qualitative research relies on non-experimental and phenomenological approaches to collect data through open-ended questions and observations.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses research designs such as experimental, correlational, survey, ethnographic, case study, historical, and action research. It also categorizes research as descriptive, associational, or intervention studies. Key aspects of quantitative and qualitative approaches are compared such as goals, design, data collection and analysis techniques. Examples are provided to illustrate different research problem types and appropriate methodologies.
Presentation Understanding Research MethodologyIn conducting s.docxChantellPantoja184
Presentation
Understanding Research Methodology
In conducting social science research, the social scientist seeks to understand, and in turn explain, the world in which he or she lives. Rather than simply rely on what they observe and apply assumptions, beliefs, or general guesses to explain observations, social scientists approach this endeavor for an increased understanding using a systematic scientific method. Social scientists in the fields of homeland security, emergency management, and many others take this approach because it is their ultimate intention to go beyond their own personal understanding of why things happen. They want to inform others of these explanations and contribute to a greater body of knowledge. The purpose of developing, testing, and refining explanations for what is observed is to ultimately predict future behaviors or prescribe potential remedies for negative conduct in the form of policies.
Research methodology is comprised of the approaches, designs, plans, methods, and tools or instruments scientists will use to conduct their exploration. Remember that social science includes studying phenomena and activities related to emergency management, criminal justice, and homeland security. Consider an example to help understand this need for a systematic approach to studying your surroundings to devise a strategy or policy.
In this example, a planner known as Officer Lightly works in a local law enforcement department and is directed to develop a community policing plan with the intent to solicit and incorporate the assistance of citizens in reducing the annual number of property crimes each year. The former planner, Officer Grimly, had planned to develop a program based on his own beliefs about what would work. Officer Grimly simply briefed and published the plan to his department's leadership and then moved on to his next assignment. However, Officer Lightly is familiar with the scientific process and understands its value for tackling social science projects. Officer Lightly determines there is a wide assortment of objectives he might pursue, but he knows he needs to first start with a specific research question and then develop and test a hypothesis. Depending on the findings from his test of the hypothesis, he may proceed in his original direction or decide to take a different course.
Officer Lightly decides to craft two research questions and at least one hypothesis for each. He has formulated the following:
· Research Question 1 (R1): Where in the community do property crimes occur in the largest concentrations?
· Hypothesis 1 for R1: If an area in the community is low income, property crimes are higher.
· Research Question 2 (R2): What are citizens in areas of high crime currently doing in response to, or to protect against, property crimes?
· Hypothesis 1 for R2: If citizens act purposively to prevent property crime, they will not be victims of property crime.
Measuring Phenomena
In examining Officer Light.
This document discusses different research methodologies including survey research, correlation research, and causal-comparative research. It provides details on the purposes and types of each methodology. For survey research, it identifies three common longitudinal study designs: trend studies, cohort studies, and panel studies. Correlation research examines relationships between two variables, either to explain behaviors or predict outcomes. Causal-comparative research attempts to determine causes or consequences of pre-existing differences between groups. Examples of topics that could be studied with each methodology are also provided.
This document discusses different research methodologies including survey research, correlation research, and causal-comparative research. It provides details on the purposes and types of each methodology. For survey research, it identifies three common longitudinal study designs: trend studies, cohort studies, and panel studies. Correlation research examines relationships between two variables, either to explain behaviors or predict outcomes. Causal-comparative research attempts to determine causes or consequences of pre-existing differences between groups. Examples of topics that could be studied with each methodology are also provided.
survey,correlation and causal comparative research for EDU702Maryam Solehah
This document discusses different research methodologies including survey research, correlation research, and causal-comparative research. It provides details on the purposes and types of each methodology. For survey research, it identifies three common longitudinal study designs: trend studies, cohort studies, and panel studies. Correlation research examines relationships between two variables, either to explain behaviors or predict outcomes. Causal-comparative research attempts to determine causes or consequences of pre-existing differences between groups. Examples of topics that could be studied with each methodology are also provided.
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Persuasive Communication: A Comparison of Major Attitude- Behaviour Theories in a Social Media Context
1. Abstract of Emerging Trends in Scientific Research, 2014, Vol.1
DOI: 10.18488/journal.1002/2014.1/1002.1
1st
International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Scientific Research
15-16 March, 2014
Pearl International Hotel Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Conference Website: www.pakrdw.com
11
Paper ID: 43/14/1
st
ICETSR
Persuasive Communication: A Comparison of Major Attitude-
Behaviour Theories in a Social Media Context
Shasha, Teng1
--- Kok Wei, Khong2
--- Wei Wei, Goh3
1,2
Taylor’s Business School, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, 1 Jalan Taylor’s, 47500 Subang Jaya,
Malaysia
3
School of Computing and IT, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, 1 Jalan Taylor’s, 47500 Subang
Jaya, Malaysia
Abstract
Purpose/Aim/Objectives/Significance – Attitude-behaviour theories can contribute to
predicting and understanding influences on consumer behaviour. This study aims to
compare five major attitude-behaviour theories in the social psychology field. Theory of
Planned Behaviour (TPB), Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), Heuristic-Systematic
Model (HSM), Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Social Judgment Theory are empirically
dissected and compared in a systematic manner, after which criticism and compliments of
these theories are observed and evaluated. During recent years, social media has grown
to become an important marketing tool for companies. The objective of the study is to
critically discuss and examine relevant theories or models for persuasive communication
in a social media context. The significance of the study is to identify the trend of applying
attitude-behaviour theories to manifesting practical marketing implications.
Literature/methodology/approach – Comparing five major attitude-behaviour theories is
the main body of the literature review. The authors conducted a systematic review and
comparison of Theory of Planned Behaviour, Elaboration Likelihood Model, Heuristic-
Systematic Model, Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Social Judgment Theory. The study
evaluated the published articles that applied these theories in the social media context
from leading academic databases. A comparison of these theories with contrasting views
was depicted in tables and figures. Findings – This study found that there were an
increasing number of studies applying ELM in this new social media context. It has also
shown that past research studies had incorporated persuasive communication with the
social media perspective. The authors found that ELM is the most appropriate model for
persuasive communication after a systematic comparison with the other four theories.
This study filled the extant literature of ELM study in a social media perspective and
guides researchers with in-depth and comprehensive understanding for future attitude-
behaviour studies. Implications – This study sheds light on new areas of ELM study and
can assist researchers to map out current and future studies in social media context with
the help of comparison and analysis of major attitude-behaviour theories. Marketers are
provided with critical trend of applying ELM in their social media marketing campaigns.
Keywords: TPB, ELM, HSM, Cognitive dissonance theory, Social judgment theory, Social media.