Presentation
Understanding Research Methodology
In conducting social science research, the social scientist seeks to understand, and in turn explain, the world in which he or she lives. Rather than simply rely on what they observe and apply assumptions, beliefs, or general guesses to explain observations, social scientists approach this endeavor for an increased understanding using a systematic scientific method. Social scientists in the fields of homeland security, emergency management, and many others take this approach because it is their ultimate intention to go beyond their own personal understanding of why things happen. They want to inform others of these explanations and contribute to a greater body of knowledge. The purpose of developing, testing, and refining explanations for what is observed is to ultimately predict future behaviors or prescribe potential remedies for negative conduct in the form of policies.
Research methodology is comprised of the approaches, designs, plans, methods, and tools or instruments scientists will use to conduct their exploration. Remember that social science includes studying phenomena and activities related to emergency management, criminal justice, and homeland security. Consider an example to help understand this need for a systematic approach to studying your surroundings to devise a strategy or policy.
In this example, a planner known as Officer Lightly works in a local law enforcement department and is directed to develop a community policing plan with the intent to solicit and incorporate the assistance of citizens in reducing the annual number of property crimes each year. The former planner, Officer Grimly, had planned to develop a program based on his own beliefs about what would work. Officer Grimly simply briefed and published the plan to his department's leadership and then moved on to his next assignment. However, Officer Lightly is familiar with the scientific process and understands its value for tackling social science projects. Officer Lightly determines there is a wide assortment of objectives he might pursue, but he knows he needs to first start with a specific research question and then develop and test a hypothesis. Depending on the findings from his test of the hypothesis, he may proceed in his original direction or decide to take a different course.
Officer Lightly decides to craft two research questions and at least one hypothesis for each. He has formulated the following:
· Research Question 1 (R1): Where in the community do property crimes occur in the largest concentrations?
· Hypothesis 1 for R1: If an area in the community is low income, property crimes are higher.
· Research Question 2 (R2): What are citizens in areas of high crime currently doing in response to, or to protect against, property crimes?
· Hypothesis 1 for R2: If citizens act purposively to prevent property crime, they will not be victims of property crime.
Measuring Phenomena
In examining Officer Light.
The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is what we do when we have a question or a problem we want to resolve. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. The first module highlights an overview of all concepts adopted in Research.
The research approach indicates the basic procedure for conducting research.
Research approach is the technique which the researcher uses to structure a study in order to gather and analyze information relevant to the research question .
This document contains extensive information about the research types applicable to social science researchers. It also helps to have a clear and in-depth awareness of the various types of research including the broad distinction between Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Problem 1
Problem 2 (two screen shots)
Problem 3 (two screen shots)
Problem 4 (three screen shots)
Problem 5 (one screen shot)
Problem 6 (six screenshots plus a data table)
.
Problem 20-1A Production cost flow and measurement; journal entrie.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 20-1A Production cost flow and measurement; journal entries L.O. P1, P2, P3, P4
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Edison Company manufactures wool blankets and accounts for product costs using process costing. The following information is available regarding its May inventories.
Beginning
Inventory
Ending
Inventory
Raw materials inventory
$
60,000
$
41,000
Goods in process inventory
449,000
521,500
Finished goods inventory
610,000
342,001
The following additional information describes the company's production activities for May.
Raw materials purchases (on credit)
$
250,000
Factory payroll cost (paid in cash)
1,850,300
Other overhead cost (Other Accounts credited)
82,000
Materials used
Direct
$
200,500
Indirect
50,000
Labor used
Direct
$
1,060,300
Indirect
790,000
Overhead rate as a percent of direct labor
115
%
Sales (on credit)
$
3,000,000
The predetermined overhead rate was computed at the beginning of the year as 115% of direct labor cost.
\\\\\
rev: 11_02_2011
references
1.
value:
2.00 points
Problem 20-1A Part 1
Required:
1(a)
Compute the cost of products transferred from production to finished goods. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Cost of products transferred
$
1(b)
Compute the cost of goods sold. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Cost of goods sold
$
rev: 10_31_2011
check my workeBook Links (4)references
2.
value:
5.00 points
Problem 20-1A Part 2
2(a)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the raw materials purchases. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(b)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the direct materials usage. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(c)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the indirect materials usage. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(d)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the payroll costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(e)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the direct labor costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(f)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the indirect labor costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(g)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the other overhead costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(h)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the overhead applied. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(i)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the goods transferred from production to finished goods.(Omit the "$" sign in yo.
More Related Content
Similar to Presentation Understanding Research MethodologyIn conducting s.docx
The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is what we do when we have a question or a problem we want to resolve. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. The first module highlights an overview of all concepts adopted in Research.
The research approach indicates the basic procedure for conducting research.
Research approach is the technique which the researcher uses to structure a study in order to gather and analyze information relevant to the research question .
This document contains extensive information about the research types applicable to social science researchers. It also helps to have a clear and in-depth awareness of the various types of research including the broad distinction between Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Problem 1
Problem 2 (two screen shots)
Problem 3 (two screen shots)
Problem 4 (three screen shots)
Problem 5 (one screen shot)
Problem 6 (six screenshots plus a data table)
.
Problem 20-1A Production cost flow and measurement; journal entrie.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 20-1A Production cost flow and measurement; journal entries L.O. P1, P2, P3, P4
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Edison Company manufactures wool blankets and accounts for product costs using process costing. The following information is available regarding its May inventories.
Beginning
Inventory
Ending
Inventory
Raw materials inventory
$
60,000
$
41,000
Goods in process inventory
449,000
521,500
Finished goods inventory
610,000
342,001
The following additional information describes the company's production activities for May.
Raw materials purchases (on credit)
$
250,000
Factory payroll cost (paid in cash)
1,850,300
Other overhead cost (Other Accounts credited)
82,000
Materials used
Direct
$
200,500
Indirect
50,000
Labor used
Direct
$
1,060,300
Indirect
790,000
Overhead rate as a percent of direct labor
115
%
Sales (on credit)
$
3,000,000
The predetermined overhead rate was computed at the beginning of the year as 115% of direct labor cost.
\\\\\
rev: 11_02_2011
references
1.
value:
2.00 points
Problem 20-1A Part 1
Required:
1(a)
Compute the cost of products transferred from production to finished goods. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Cost of products transferred
$
1(b)
Compute the cost of goods sold. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Cost of goods sold
$
rev: 10_31_2011
check my workeBook Links (4)references
2.
value:
5.00 points
Problem 20-1A Part 2
2(a)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the raw materials purchases. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(b)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the direct materials usage. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(c)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the indirect materials usage. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(d)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the payroll costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(e)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the direct labor costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(f)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the indirect labor costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(g)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the other overhead costs. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(h)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the overhead applied. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
May 31
2(i)
Prepare journal entry dated May 31 to record the goods transferred from production to finished goods.(Omit the "$" sign in yo.
Problem 2 Obtain Io.Let x be the current through j2, ..docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 2: Obtain Io.
Let x be the current through j2, .
Let .
.
.
.
………..1.
…………2.
.
.
…………3.
……………….4.
Solving these 4 equations we can get .
.
Problem 1:Find currents I1, I2, and I3
Problem 2: Obtain Io
Problem 3:Obtain io
.
Problem 1On April 1, 20X4, Rojas purchased land by giving $100,000.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1On April 1, 20X4, Rojas purchased land by giving $100,000 in cash and executing a $400,000 note payable to the former owner. The note bears interest at 10% per annum, with interest being payable annually on March 31 of each year. Rojas is also required to make a $100,000 payment toward the note's principal on every March 31.(a)Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record the land purchase on April 1, 20X4.(b)Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record the year-end interest accrual on December 31, 20X4.(c)Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record the payment of interest and principal on March 31, 20X5.(d)Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record the year-end interest accrual on December 31, 20X5.(e)Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record the payment of interest and principal on March 31, 20X6.
&R&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&20B-13.01
B-13.01
Worksheet 1(a), (b), (c), (d), (e)GENERAL JOURNALDateAccountsDebitCredit04-01-X412-31-X403-31-X512-31-X503-31-X6
&L&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&12Name:
Date: Section: &R&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&20B-13.01
B-13.01
Problem 2Ace Brick company issued $100,000 of 5-year bonds. The bonds were issued at par on January 1, 20X1, and bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum, payable semiannually.(a)Prepare the journal entry to record the bond issue on January, 20X1.(b)Prepare the journal entry that Ace would record on each interest date.(c)Prepare the journal entry that Ace would record at maturity of the bonds.
&R&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&20B-13.06
B-13.06
Worksheet 2(a)(b)(c)GENERAL JOURNAL DateAccountsDebitCreditIssueInterestMaturity
&L&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&12Name:
Date: Section: &R&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&20B-13.06
B-13.06
Problem 3Erik Food Supply Company issued $100,000 of face amount of 4-year bonds on January 1, 20X1. The bonds were issued at 98, and bear interest at a stated rate of 8% per annum, payable semiannually. The discount is amortized by the straight-line method.(a)Prepare the journal entry to record the initial issuance on January, 20X1.(b)Prepare the journal entry that Erik would record on each interest date.(c)Prepare the journal entry that Erik would record at maturity of the bonds.
&R&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&20B-13.08
B-13.08
Worksheet 3(a)(b)(c)GENERAL JOURNAL DateAccountsDebitCreditIssueInterestMaturity
&L&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&12Name:
Date: Section: &R&"Myriad Web Pro,Bold"&20B-13.08
B-13.08
Problem 4Horton Micro Chip Company issued $100,000 of face amount of 6-year bonds on January 1, 20X1. The bonds were issed at 103, and bear interest at a stated rate of 8% per annum, payable semiannually. The premium is amortized by the straight-line method.(a)Prepare the journal entry to record the initial issue on January, 20X1.(b)Prepare the journal entry that Horton would record on each interest date.(c)Prepare the journal entry that Horton would record at maturity of the bonds.
&R&"Myriad We.
Problem 17-1 Dividends and Taxes [LO2]Dark Day, Inc., has declar.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 17-1 Dividends and Taxes [LO2]
Dark Day, Inc., has declared a $5.60 per share dividend. Suppose capital gains are not taxed, but dividends are taxed at 15 percent. New IRS regulations require that taxes be withheld at the time the dividend is paid. Dark Day sells for $94.10 per share, and the stock is about to go ex-dividend.
What do you think the ex-dividend price will be? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
Ex-dividend price
$
Problem 17-2 Stock Dividends [LO3]
The owners’ equity accounts for Alexander International are shown here:
Common stock ($0.60 par value)
$
45,000
Capital surplus
340,000
Retained earnings
748,120
Total owners’ equity
$
1,133,120
a-1
If Alexander stock currently sells for $30 per share and a 10 percent stock dividend is declared, how many new shares will be distributed?
New shares issued
a-2
Show how the equity accounts would change.
Common stock
$
Capital surplus
Retained earnings
Total owners’ equity
$
b-1
If instead Alexander declared a 20 percent stock dividend, how many new shares will be distributed?
New shares issued
b-2
Show how the equity accounts would change. (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign.)
Common stock
$
Capital surplus
Retained earnings
Total owners’ equity
$
Problem 17-3 Stock Splits [LO3]
The owners' equity accounts for Alexander International are shown here.
Common stock ($0.50 par value)
$
35,000
Capital surplus
320,000
Retained earnings
708,120
Total owners’ equity
$
1,063,120
a-1
If Alexander declares a five-for-one stock split, how many shares are outstanding now?
New shares outstanding
a-2
What is the new par value per share? (Round your answer to 3 decimal places. (e.g., 32.161))
New par value
$ per share
b-1
If Alexander declares a one-for-seven reverse stock split, how many shares are outstanding now?
New shares outstanding
b-2
What is the new par value per share? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
New par value
$ per share
Problem 17-4 Stock Splits and Stock Dividends [LO3]
Red Rocks Corporation (RRC) currently has 485,000 shares of stock outstanding that sell for $40 per share. Assuming no market imperfections or tax effects exist, what will the share price be after:
a.
RRC has a four-for-three stock split? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
New share price
$
b.
RRC has a 15 percent stock dividend? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
New share price
$
c.
RRC has a 54.5 percent stock dividend? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
New share price
$
d.
RRC has a two-for-seven reverse stock split? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))
New share price
$
Determine the new number of shares outstanding in parts (a) through (d).
a.
New shares outstanding
b.
New shares o.
Problem 1Problem 1 - Constant-Growth Common StockWhat is the value.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1Problem 1 - Constant-Growth Common StockWhat is the value of a common stock if the firm's earnings and dividends are growing annually at 10%, the current dividend is $1.32,and investors require a 15% return on investment?What is the stock's rate of return if the market price of the stock is $35?
Problem 2Problem 2 - Preferred Stock Price and ReturnA firm has preferred stock outstanding with a $1,000 par value and a $40 annual dividend with no maturity. If the required rate of return is 9%, what is the price of the preferred stock?The market price of a firm's preferred stock is $24 and pays an annual dividend of $2.50. If the stock's par value is $1,000 and it has no maturity, what is the return on the preferred stock?
Problem 3Problem 3 - Bond Valuation and YieldA bond has a par value of $1,000, pays $50 semiannually and has a maturity of 10 years.If the bond earns 12% per year, what is the price of the bond?RateNperPMTFVTypePVWhat is the yield to maturity for the bond?NperPMTPVFVTypeRateWhat would be the bond's price if the rate earned declined to 8% per year?RateNperPMTFVTypePVIf the maturity period is reduced to 5 years and the required rate of return is 8%, what would be the price of the bond?RateNperPMTFVTypePVWhat is the yield to maturity for the bond when the maturity is 5 years and the required rate of return is 8%?NperPMTPVFVTypeRateWhat generalizations about bond prices, interest rates and maturity periods can be made based on the calculations made above?
Problem 4Problem 4 - Callable BondsThe following bonds have a par value of $1,000 and the required rate of return is 10%.Bond XY: 5¼ percent coupon, with interest paid annually for 20 yearsBond AB: 14 percent coupon, with interest paid annually for 20 yearsWhat is each bond's current market price?Bond XYBond ABRateNperPMTFVTypePVIf current interest rates are 9%, which bond would you expect to be called? Explain.
Exercise 10-5
During the month of March, Olinger Company’s employees earned wages of $69,500. Withholdings related to these wages were $5,317 for Social Security (FICA), $8,145 for federal income tax, $3,366 for state income tax, and $434 for union dues. The company incurred no cost related to these earnings for federal unemployment tax but incurred $760 for state unemployment tax.
Prepare the necessary March 31 journal entry to record salaries and wages expense and salaries and wages payable. Assume that wages earned during March will be paid during April. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Mar. 31
SHOW LIST OF ACCOUNTS
LINK TO TEXT
Prepare the entry to record the company’s payroll tax expense. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Mar. 31
===========================================
E.
Problem 1Prescott, Inc., manufactures bookcases and uses an activi.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1Prescott, Inc., manufactures bookcases and uses an activity-based costing system. Prescott's activity areas and related data follows:ActivityBudgeted Cost
of ActivityAllocation BaseCost Allocation
RateMaterials handling$230,000Number of parts$0.50Assembly3,200,000Direct labor hours16.00Finishing180,000Number of finished
units4.50Prescott produced two styles of bookcases in October: the standard bookcase and an unfinished bookcase, which has fewer parts and requires no finishing. The totals for quantities, direct
materials costs, and other data follow:ProductTotal Units
ProducedTotal Direct
Materials CostsTotal Direct
Labor CostsTotal Number
of PartsTotal Assembling
Direct Labor HoursStandard bookcase3,000$36,000$45,0009,0004,500Unfinished bookcase3,50035,00035,0007,0003,500Requirements:1. Compute the manufacturing product cost per unit of each type of bookcase.2. Suppose that pre-manufacturing activities, such as product design, were assigned to the standard bookcases at $7 each, and to the unfinished bookcases at $2 each. Similar analyses
were conducted of post-manufacturing activities such as distribution, marketing, and customer service. The post-manufacturing costs were $22 per standard bookcase and $14 per
unfinished bookcase. Compute the full product costs per unit.3. Which product costs are reported in the external financial statements? Which costs are used for management decision making? Explain the difference.4. What price should Prescott's managers set for unfinished bookcases to earn $15 per bookcase?
Problem 2Corbertt Pharmaceuticals manufactures an over-the-counter allergy medication. The company sells both large commercial containers of 1,000 capsules to health-care facilities
and travel packs of 20 capsules to shops in airports, train stations, and hotels. The following information has been developed to determine if an activity-based costing system
would be beneficial:ActivityEstimated Indirect Activity
CostsAllocation BaseEstimated Quantity of
Allocation BaseMaterials handling$95,000Kilos19,000 kilosPackaging219,000Machine hours5,475 hoursQuality assurance124,500Samples2,075 samplesTotal indirect costs$438,500Other production information includes the following:Commercial ContainersTravel PacksUnits produced3,500 containers57,000 packsWeight in kilos14,0005,700Machine hours2,625570Number of samples700855Requirements:1. Compute the cost allocation rate for each activity.2. Use the activity-based cost allocation rates to compute the activity costs per unit of the commercial containers and the travel packs. (Hint: First compute the total activity
cost allocated to each product line, and then compute the cost per unit.)3. Corbertt's original single-allocation-base costing system allocated indirect costs to produce at $157 per machine hour. Compute the total indirect costs allocated to the
commercial containers and to the travel packs under the original system. Then compute the indirect cost per unit for ea.
Problem 1Preston Recliners manufactures leather recliners and uses.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1Preston Recliners manufactures leather recliners and uses flexible budgeting and a standard cost system. Preston allocates overhead based on yards of direct materials. The company's performance report includes the following selected data:Static Budget
(1,000 recliners)Actual Results
(980 recliners)Sales (1,000 recliners X $495)$495,000 (980 recliners X $475)$465,500Variable manufacturing costs: Direct materials (6,000 yds @ $8.80/yard)52,800 (6,150 yds @ $8.60/yard)52,890 Direct labor (10,000 hrs @ $9.20/hour)92,000 (9,600 hrs @ $9.30/hour)89,280Variable overhead (6,000 yds @ $5.00/yard)30,000 (6,510 yds @ $6.40/yard)39,360Fixed manufacturing costs: Fixed overhead60,00062,000Total cost of goods sold$234,800$243,530Gross profit$260,200$221,970Requirements:1. Prepare a flexible budget based on the actual number of recliners sold.2. Compute the price variance and the efficiency variance for direct materials and for direct labor. For manufacturing overhead, compute the variable overhead spending, variable overhead efficiency, fixed overhead spending, and fixed overhead volume variances.3. Have Preston's managers done a good job or a poor job controlling materials, labor, and overhead costs? Why?4. Describe how Preston's managers can benefit from the standard costing system.
Problem 2AllTalk Technologies manufactures capacitors for cellular base stations and other communications applications. The company's January 2012 flexible budget income statement shows output levels of 6,500, 8,000, and 10,000 units. The static budget was based on expected sales of 8,000 units.ALLTALK TECHNOLOGIES
Flexible Budget Income Statement
Month Ended January 31, 2012Per UnitBy Units (Capacitors)6,5008,00010,000Sales revenue$24$156,000$192,000$240,000Variable expenses$1065,00080,000100,000Contribution margin$91,000$112,000$140,000Fixed expenses53,00053,00053,000Operating income$38,000$59,000$87,000The company sold 10,000 units during January, and its actual operating income was as follows:ALLTALK TECHNOLOGIES
Income Statement
Month Ended January 31, 2012Sales revenue$246,000Variable expenses104,500Contribution margin$141,500Fixed expenses54,000Operating income$87,500Requirements:1. Prepare an income statement performance report for January.2. What was the effect on AllTalk's operating income of selling 2,000 units more than the static budget level of sales?3. What is AllTalk's static budget variance? Explain why the income statement performance report provides more useful information to AllTalk's managers than the simple static budget variance. What insights can AllTalk's managers draw from this performance report?
Problem 3Java manufacturers coffee mugs that it sells to other companies for customizing with their own logos. Java prepares flexible budgets and uses a standard cost system to control manufacturing costs. The standard unit.
Problem 1Pro Forma Income Statement and Balance SheetBelow is the .docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1Pro Forma Income Statement and Balance SheetBelow is the income statement and balance sheet for Blue Bill Corporation for 2013. Based on the historical statements and theadditional information provided, construct the firm's pro forma income statement and balance sheet for 2014.Blue Bill CorporationIncome StatementFor the year ended 2013Projected201220132014Revenue$60,000$63,000Cost of goods sold42,00044,100Gross margin18,00018,900SG&A expense6,0006,300Depreciation expense1,8002,000Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)10,20010,600Interest expense1,5001,800Taxable income8,7008,800Income Tax Expense3,0453,080Net income5,6555,720Dividends750800To retained earnings$4,905$4,920Additional income statement information:Sales will increase by 5% in 2014 from 2013 levels.COGS and SG&A will be the average percent of sales for the last 2 years.Depreciation expense will increase to $2,200.Interest expense will be $1,900.The tax rate is 35%.Dividend payout will increase to $850.Blue Bill CorporationBalance SheetDecember 31, 2013Projected20132014Current assetsCash$8,000Accounts receivable3,150Inventory9,450Total current assets20,600Property, plant, and equipment (PP&E)28,500Accumulated depreciation16,400Net PP&E12,100Total assets$32,700Current liabilitesAccounts payable$3,780Bank loan (10%)3,200Other current liabilities1,250Total current liabilities8,230Long-term debt (12%)4,800Common stock1,250Retained earnings18,420Total liabilities and equity$32,700Additional balance sheet information:The minimum cash balance is 12% of sales.Working capital accounts (accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory) will be the same percent of sales in 2014 as they were in 2013.$8,350 of new PP&E will be purchased in 2014.Other current liabilities will be 3% of sales in 2014.There will be no changes in the common stock or long-term debt accounts.The plug figure (the last number entered that makes the balance sheet balance) is bank loan.
1
Rough Draft
Rough Draft
Rasmussen College
Metro Dental Care is a dental office that provides affordable, convenient, and high quality of care to patients. As a patient at Metro, I personally believe that Metro Dental Care is one of the best dental clinics around, and that’s why I have chosen this company. Metro Dental Care measures their results by recording patient satisfaction.
Managing financial reports, and the quality of service they provide to their customers. Furthermore, the dentists and staff at Metro Dental Care know how important your smile is. Their mission statement states “We pride ourselves in making your smile look great so you not only look good, but feel confident with your smile.”
Metro Dental Care offers convenience for their patients with more than 40 offices throughout the Minneapolis and St. Paul metro area offering flexible hours including early morning, evening and Saturday appointments. Whether you work or live Metro Dental Care has a location near you. Metro Dental .
PROBLEM 14-6AProblem 14-6A Norwoods Borrowings1. Total amount of .docxChantellPantoja184
PROBLEM 14-6AProblem 14-6A: Norwoods Borrowings1. Total amount of each installment payment.Present value of an ordinary annuity$200,000Interest per period(i)0.08Number of periods(n)5Total amount of each installment payment($50,091.29)Therefore the total amount of each installment payment is $ 50,091.292.Norwoods Amortization TablePeriod Ending DateBeginning balance Interest expenseNotes PayableCash paymentEnding Balance10/31/15$200,000.00$16,000.00$34,091.29$50,091.29$165,908.7110/31/16$165,909.00$13,272.72$36,818.57$50,091.29$129,090.4310/31/17$129,090.43$10,327.23$39,764.06$50,091.29$89,326.3710/31/18$89,326.37$7,146.11$42,945.18$50,091.29$46,381.1910/31/19$46,381.19$3,710.50$46,380.79$50,091.29$0.403.a) Accrued interest as December 31st 2015Accrued interest expense = $200,000*8%*2/12= $2,666.67. Thus the journal entry is as shown below:DescriptionDr($)Cr($)interest expense $2,666.67 Interest payable $2,666.67b) The first annual payment on the note.Ten more months of interest has accrued $200,000*8%*10/12 =$13,333.33 accrued interest .Therefore the journal entry is as shown below:DescriptionDr($)Cr($)Notes payable$34,091.29interest expense$13,333.33interest payable$2,666.67 Cash$50,091.29
PROBLEM 14-7AProblem 14-7AQuestion 1a) Debt to equity ratiosPulaski CompanyScott Company Total liabilities$360,000.00$240,000.00Total Equity$500,000.00$200,000.00Debt-Equity Ratio0.721.2Question 2The debt to equity ratio measures the amount of debt a company uses has to finance its business for every dollar of equity it has. A higher debt to equity ratio implies that a company uses more debt than equity for financing. In this case, the debt to equity ratio for Pulaski Company is 0.72 which is less than 1 implying that the stockholder's equity exceeds the amount of debt borrowed. Thus Pulaski Company may not likely suffer from risks brought about by huge amount of debts in the capital structure. On the other hand, the debt to equity ratio of Scott Company is 1.2 which is greater than 1 implying that the debt exceeds the totalamount stockholders equity. Huge debts is associated with a lot of risks. First, there is the risk of defaulting whereby the company may be unable to repay its debt and therefore leading to bankruptcy. Second, a company may find it difficult to obtain additional funding from creditors.This is because the creditors prefer companies with low debt to equity ratio. Finally, there is the risks of violating the debt covenants. A covenant is an agreement that requires a company to maintain adequate financial ratio levels. Too much borrowings may violate this covenant. Since ScottCompany has a higher debt to equity ratio, it may experience these risks which may eventually lead to the company being declared bankrupt .
PROBLEM 14-6BProblem 14-6B: Gordon Enterprises Borrowings1. Total amount of each installment payment.Present value of an ordi.
Problem 13-3AThe stockholders’ equity accounts of Ashley Corpo.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 13-3A
The stockholders’ equity accounts of Ashley Corporation on January 1, 2012, were as follows.
Preferred Stock (8%, $49 par, cumulative, 10,200 shares authorized)
$ 387,100
Common Stock ($1 stated value, 1,937,100 shares authorized)
1,408,700
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock
123,200
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value—Common Stock
1,496,800
Retained Earnings
1,814,400
Treasury Stock (10,300 common shares)
51,500
During 2012, the corporation had the following transactions and events pertaining to its stockholders’ equity.
Feb. 1
Issued 24,100 shares of common stock for $123,900.
Apr. 14
Sold 6,000 shares of treasury stock—common for $33,800.
Sept. 3
Issued 5,100 shares of common stock for a patent valued at $35,700.
Nov. 10
Purchased 1,100 shares of common stock for the treasury at a cost of $5,700.
Dec. 31
Determined that net income for the year was $456,600.
No dividends were declared during the year.
(a)
Journalize the transactions and the closing entry for net income. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Feb. 1
Apr. 14
Sept. 3
Nov. 10
Dec. 31
Click if you would like to Show Work for this question:
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Problem 12-9AYour answer is partially correct. Try again..docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 12-9A
Your answer is partially correct. Try again.
Condensed financial data of Odgers Inc. follow.
ODGERS INC.Comparative Balance Sheets
December 31
Assets
2014
2013
Cash
$ 131,704
$ 78,892
Accounts receivable
143,114
61,940
Inventory
183,375
167,646
Prepaid expenses
46,292
42,380
Long-term investments
224,940
177,670
Plant assets
464,550
395,275
Accumulated depreciation
(81,500
)
(84,760
)
Total
$1,112,475
$839,043
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Accounts payable
$ 166,260
$ 109,699
Accrued expenses payable
26,895
34,230
Bonds payable
179,300
237,980
Common stock
358,600
285,250
Retained earnings
381,420
171,884
Total
$1,112,475
$839,043
ODGERS INC.Income Statement Data
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Sales revenue
$633,190
Less:
Cost of goods sold
$220,800
Operating expenses, excluding depreciation
20,228
Depreciation expense
75,795
Income tax expense
44,466
Interest expense
7,710
Loss on disposal of plant assets
12,225
381,224
Net income
$ 251,966
Additional information:
1.
New plant assets costing $163,000 were purchased for cash during the year.
2.
Old plant assets having an original cost of $93,725 and accumulated depreciation of $79,055 were sold for $2,445 cash.
3.
Bonds payable matured and were paid off at face value for cash.
4.
A cash dividend of $42,430 was declared and paid during the year.
Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).)
ODGERS INC.Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
$
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
$
$
Problem 12-10A
Condensed financial data of Odgers Inc. follow.
ODGERS INC.Comparative Balance Sheets
December 31
Assets
2014
2013
Cash
$ 151,904
$ 90,992
Accounts receivable
165,064
71,440
Inventory
211,500
193,358
Prepaid expenses
53,392
48,880
Long-term investments
259,440
204,920
Plant assets
535,800
455,900
Accumulated depreciation
(94,000
)
(97,760
)
Total
$1,283,100
$967,730
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Accounts payable
$ 191,760
$ 126,524
Accrued expenses payable
31,020
39,480
Bonds payable
206,800
274,480
Common stock
413,600
329,000
Retained earnings
439,920
198,246
Total
$1,283,100
$967,730
ODGERS INC.Income Statement Data
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Sales revenue
$730,305
Less:
Cost of goods sold
$254,665
Operating expenses, excluding depreciation
23,331
Depreciation expense
87,420
Income taxes
51,286
Interest expense
8,892
Loss on disposal of plant assets
14,100
439,694
Net income
$ 290,611
Additional information:
1.
New plant assets costing $188,000 were purchased for c.
Problem 1123456Xf122437455763715813910106Name DateTopic.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1123456Xf122437455763715813910106
Name: Date:
Topic One: Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation
Please type your answer in the cell beside the question.
5. The following is the heart rate for 10 randomly selected patients on the unit. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the data using the descriptive statistics option in the data analysis toolpak.
75, 80, 62, 97, 107, 59, 76, 83, 84, 69
6. The following is a frequency distribution fo the number of times patience use the call light in a days time. X is the number of times the call light is used and f is the frequency (meaning the number of patients). Create a histogram of the data.
Sheet2
Sheet3
EXERCISE 11 USING STATISTICS TO DESCRIBE A STUDY SAMPLE
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE IN REVIEW
Most studies describe the subjects that comprise the study sample. This description of the sample is called the sample characteristics which may be presented in a table or the narrative of the article. The sample characteristics are often presented for each of the groups in a study (i.e. experimental and control groups). Descriptive statistics are used to generate sample characteristics, and the type of statistic used depends on the level of measurement of the demographic variables included in a study (Burns & Grove, 2007). For example, measuring gender produces nominal level data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, and mode. Measuring educational level usually produces ordinal data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, mode, median, and range. Obtaining each subject's specific age is an example of ratio data that can be described using mean, range, and standard deviation. Interval and ratio data are analyzed with the same type of statistics and are usually referred to as interval/ratio level data in this text.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Source: Troy, N. W., & Dalgas-Pelish, P. (2003). The effectiveness of a self-care intervention for the management of postpartum fatigue. Applied Nursing Research, 16 (1), 38–45.
Introduction
Troy and Dalgas-Pelish (2003) conducted a quasi-experimental study to determine the effectiveness of a self-care intervention (Tiredness Management Guide [TMG]) on postpartum fatigue. The study subjects included 68 primiparous mothers, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (32 subjects) or the control group (36 subjects) using a computer program. The results of the study indicated that the TMG was effective in reducing levels of morning postpartum fatigue from the 2nd to 4th weeks postpartum. These researchers recommend that “mothers need to be informed that they will probably experience postpartum fatigue and be taught to assess and manage this phenomenon” (Troy & Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, pp. 44-5).
Relevant Study Results
“A total of 80 women were initially enrolled [in the study] … twelve of these women dropped out of the study resulting in a final sample of 68.” (Troy & Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, p. 39). The researchers presen.
Problem 1. For the truss and loading shown below, calculate th.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1. For the truss and loading shown below, calculate the horizontal
displacement of point "D" using the method of virtual work. Show ALL your work!
HW No. 8 - Part 1
Solution
HW FA15 2 Page 1
Problem 1 Continued
Member L (in.) N (lb) N (in) NnL
HW No. 8 - Part 1
.
Problem 1 (30 marks)Review enough information about .docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1 (30 marks)
Review enough information about Trinidad Drilling Ltd. to propose a vision and strategic objectives for the company. Develop a balanced scorecard that will help the company achieve this vision and monitor how well it is accomplishing its strategic objectives. Include a strategy map in table format that shows objectives and performance measures, with arrows illustrating hypothesized cause-and -effect relationships. Provide rationale for your strategy map. The body of your report should not exceed 1,000 words. Cite material you used to prepare the response and provide references in an appendix.
Problem 2 (20 marks)
Ajax Auto Upholstery Ltd. manufactures upholstered products for automobiles, vans, and trucks. Among the various Ajax plants around Canada is the Owlseye plant located in rural Alberta.
The chief financial officer has just received a report indicating that Ajax could purchase the entire annual output of the Owlseye plant from a foreign supplier for $37 million per year.
The budgeted operating costs (in thousands) for the Owlseye plant’s for the coming year is as follows:
Materials $15,000
Labor
Direct $12,000
Supervision 4,000
Indirect plant 5,000 19,000
Overhead
Depreciation – plant 6,000
Utilities, property tax, maintenance 2,000
Pension expense 4,500
Plant manager and staff 2,500
Corporate headquarters overhead allocation 3,000 18,000
Total budgeted costs $52,000
If material purchase orders are cancelled as a consequence of the plant closing, termination charges would amount to 10 percent of the annual cost of direct materials in the first year (zero thereafter).
A clause in the Ajax union contract requires the company to provide employment assistance to its former employees for 12 months after a plant closes. The estimated cost to administer this service if the Owlseye plant closes would be $2 million. $3.6 million of next year’s pension expense would continue indefinitely whether or not the plant remains open. About $900,000 of labour would still be required in the first year after closure to decommission the plant. After that, the plant would be sold for an estimated $1 million. Utilities, property taxes, and maintenance costs would remain unchanged in the first year after closure, but disappear when the plant is sold.
The plant manager and her staff would be somewhat affected by the closing of the Owlseye plant. Some managers would still be responsible for managing three other plants. As a result, total management salaries would be about 50% of the current level, starting at closure and remaining into the future.
Required:
Assume you are the company’s chief financial officer. Perform a five-year financial analysis and make a recommendation whether to close the Owlseye plant on this basis. Provide support for and cautions about your recommendation with organized, clearly-labeled data. Use bullet points where appropriate.
Problem 3 (16 marks)
Br.
Problem 1 (10 points) Note that an eigenvector cannot be zero.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1 (10 points): Note that an eigenvector cannot be zero, but an eigenvalue can
be 0. Suppose that 0 is an eigenvalue of A. What does it say about A? (Hint: One of the
most important properties of a matrix is whether or not it is invertible. Think about the
Invertible Matrix Theorem and all the ‘good things’ of dealing with invertible matrices)
Problem 5: (20 points): The figure below shows a network of one-way streets with
traffic flowing in the directions indicated. The flow rate along the streets are measured
as the average number of vehicles per hour.
a) Set up a mathematical model whose solution provides the unknown flow rates
b) Solve the model for the unknown flow rates
c) If the flow rates along the road A to B must be reduced for construction, what is
the minimum flow that is required to keep traffic flowing on all roads?
Problem 6 (20 points): Problem 7 (9 points): Prove that if A and B are matrices of the same
size, then tr(A+B)=tr(A)+tr(B)
Given:
Goal:
Proof:
Problem 7 (20 points)*: In the 1990, the northern spotted owl became the center of a
nationwide controversy over the use and misuse of the majestic forests in the Pacific
Northwest. Environmentalists convinced the federal government that the owl was
threatened with extinction if logging continued in the old-growth forests (with trees over
200 years old), where the owls prefer to live. The timber industry, anticipating the loss of
30,000 to 100,000 jobs as a result of new government restrictions on logging, argued that
the owl should not be classified as a “threatened species” and cited a number of published
scientific reports to support its case.
Caught in the crossfire of the two lobbying groups, mathematical ecologists
intensified their drive to understand the population dynamics of the spotted owl. The life
cycle of a spotted owl divides naturally into three stages: juvenile (up to 1 year old),
subadult (1 to 2 years), and adult (over 2 years). The owls mate for life during the subadult
and adult stages, begin to breed as adults, and live for up to 20 years. Each owl pair
requires about 1,000 hectares (4 square miles) for its own home territory. A critical time in
the life cycle is when the juveniles leave the nest. To survive and become a subadult, a
juvenile must successfully find a new home range (and usually a mate).
A first step in studying the population dynamics is to model the population at yearly
intervals, at times denoted by 𝑘𝑘 = 0,1,2, …. Usually, one assumes that there is a 1:1 ratio of
males to females in each life stage and counts only the females. The population at year 𝑘𝑘
can be described by a vector 𝒙𝒙𝒌𝒌 = (𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 , 𝑠𝑠𝑘𝑘 , 𝑎𝑎𝑘𝑘 ), where 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 , 𝑠𝑠𝑘𝑘 , and 𝑎𝑎𝑘𝑘 are the numbers of
females in the juvenile, subadult, and adult stages, respectively. Using actual field data from
demographic studies, a rese
Probation and Parole 3Running head Probation and Parole.docxChantellPantoja184
Probation and Parole 3
Running head: Probation and Parole
Probation and Parole
Student Name
Allied American University
Author Note
This paper was prepared for Probation and Parole, Module 8 Check Your Understanding taught by [INSERT INSTRUCTOR’S NAME].
Directions: Respond to the following questions using complete sentences. Your answer should be at least 1 paragraph in length, which must be composed of three to five sentences.
1. What is meant by intermediate punishments and what programs are included in this category?
2. How do intermediate punishments serve to keep down prison populations?
3. Why has electronic monitoring proven so popular?
4. What is meant by shock probation/parole?
5. What are the essential features of the boot camp program?
6. Why has intensive supervision been a public relations success?
7. What are the criticisms of boot camp programs?
8. What has research revealed with respect to intensive supervision?
9. What are the criticisms of electronic monitoring in probation and parole?
10. What are the criticisms leveled at intensive supervision?
11. What are the purposes of and services offered by a day reporting center?
12. Why would heroin addicts who have no intention of giving up drug use voluntarily enter a drug treatment program? What are the advantages of using methadone to treat heroin addicts?
13. Why is behavior modification difficult to use in treating drug abusers?
14. What are the characteristics of chemical dependency (CD) programs?
15. What are the primary characteristics of the therapeutic community (TC) approach for treating drug abusers?
16. What are criticisms of the Alcoholics Anonymous approach?
17. What are the problems inherent in drug testing?
18. What are the typical characteristics of sex offenders? How have sex offender laws affected P/P supervision?
19. What are the pros and cons of restitution and charging offenders fees in probation or parole?
20. What are the problems encountered in using the interstate compact?
.
Problem 1(a) Complete the following ANOVA table based on 20 obs.docxChantellPantoja184
Problem 1:
(a) Complete the following ANOVA table based on 20 observations for the regression equation
(a) Is the overall regression significant? Fill in the missing values in the table.
Source DF SS MS F
Regression ___ 350 ____ ____
Error ___ _____
Total 500
(b) Suppose that you have computed the following sequential sums of squares due to regression:
Regressor Variables in Model SS Regression
………………………………………. 300
……………………………………… 250
…………………………………….. 340
……………………………………. 325
Fill in the missing values in the following “computer output”:
Source DF Partial SS F-value Pr>F
……………………………………………………………………………………….. 0.1245
………………………………………………………………………………………. 0.3841
………………………………………………………………………………………. 0.0042
………………………………………………………………………………………. 0.0401
Problem 2:
The time required for a merchandise to stock a grocery store shelf with a soft drink product as well as the number of cases of product stocked are given below. Consider a linear regression of delivery time against number of cases.
X=number of cases
Y=delivery time
Delivery time number of cases Hat diagonals
1.41 4 0.5077
2.96 6 0.3907
6.04 14 0.2013
7.57 19 0.3092
9.38 24 0.5912
Observations used L.S. Model
4,6,14,19,24
6,14,19,24
4,14,19,24
4,14,19,24
4,6,14,24
4,6,14,19
(a)
Calculate the PRESS statistic for the model .
(b) Calculate the regular residual for the model above. Then, compare these residuals with the PRESS residuals for this model.
Exercises from the Text
Use SAS whenever possible to do these exercises:
# 3.4 on p 122
# 3.5
# 3.8
# 3.15
# 3.21
# 3.27
# 3.28
# 3.31
# 3.38
# 3.39
Example with SAS on Sequential and Partial Sum of Squares
Data Weather;
Title 'Lows and Highs from N&O Jan 28,29,30 1992';
Title2 'using actual numbers (yesterday values)';
input city $ hi2 lo2 yhi ylo thi tlo;
* Mon Tues Wed ;
cards;
seattle 51 44 52 44 59 47
.
.
.
;
proc reg; model thi = yhi hi2 tlo ylo lo2/ss1 ss2;
test tlo=0, ylo=0, lo2=0;
/*-----------------------------------------------
| Showing sequential and partial sums of squares|
| Note t**2 = F relationship for partial F. By |
| hand, construct F to leave out .
Probe 140 SPrecipitation in inchesTemperature in F.docxChantellPantoja184
Probe 1
40 S
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 26.8
Precip 27.1
MAT(F) 59.8
Probe 2
6 S
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 69.2
Precip 124.6
MAT(F) 77.9
Probe 3
57 S
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 21.5
Precip 38.7
MAT(F) 43.5
Probe 4
38 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 30.3
Precip 16.5
MAT(F) 53.6
Probe 5
55 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 21.3
Precip 28.1
MAT(F) 40.6
Probe 6
43 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 25.4
Precip 14.4
MAT(F) 47.2
Probe 7
42 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 17.3
Precip 31.2
MAT(F) 26.0
Probe 8
42 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 29.6
Precip 38.8
MAT(F) 51.6
Probe 9
18 S
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 66.1
Precip 74.8
MAT(F) 77.7
Probe 10
58 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 16.5
Precip 24.8
MAT(F) 36.9
Probe 11
26 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 47.6
Precip 3.8
MAT(F) 70.1
Probe 12
29 N
Precipitation in inches
Temperature in F
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
POTET 44.0
Precip 47.3
MAT(F) 63.2
Probe 4
Probe 2
Probe 10
Probe 5
Probe 6
Probe 7
Probe 11
Probe 12
Probe 8
Probe 9
Probe 3
Probe 1
Map 1
20 N
40 N
60 N
80 N
0
20 S
40 S
60 S
0
1000
miles
Geography 204
Koppen Climate Classification Guidelines
If POTET exceeds Precip then B
BW = POTET more than 2x Precip
(desert)
h = mean annual temp > 18 C (64.4 F)
k = mean annual temp < 18 C (64.4 F)
BS = POTET less than 2x Precip
(steppe)
h = mean annual t.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Presentation Understanding Research MethodologyIn conducting s.docx
1. Presentation
Understanding Research Methodology
In conducting social science research, the social scientist seeks
to understand, and in turn explain, the world in which he or she
lives. Rather than simply rely on what they observe and apply
assumptions, beliefs, or general guesses to explain observations,
social scientists approach this endeavor for an increased
understanding using a systematic scientific method. Social
scientists in the fields of homeland security, emergency
management, and many others take this approach because it is
their ultimate intention to go beyond their own personal
understanding of why things happen. They want to inform
others of these explanations and contribute to a greater body of
knowledge. The purpose of developing, testing, and refining
explanations for what is observed is to ultimately predict future
behaviors or prescribe potential remedies for negative conduct
in the form of policies.
Research methodology is comprised of the approaches, designs,
plans, methods, and tools or instruments scientists will use to
conduct their exploration. Remember that social science
includes studying phenomena and activities related to
emergency management, criminal justice, and homeland
security. Consider an example to help understand this need for a
systematic approach to studying your surroundings to devise a
strategy or policy.
In this example, a planner known as Officer Lightly works in a
local law enforcement department and is directed to develop a
community policing plan with the intent to solicit and
incorporate the assistance of citizens in reducing the annual
number of property crimes each year. The former planner,
Officer Grimly, had planned to develop a program based on his
own beliefs about what would work. Officer Grimly simply
briefed and published the plan to his department's leadership
and then moved on to his next assignment. However, Officer
2. Lightly is familiar with the scientific process and understands
its value for tackling social science projects. Officer Lightly
determines there is a wide assortment of objectives he might
pursue, but he knows he needs to first start with a specific
research question and then develop and test a hypothesis.
Depending on the findings from his test of the hypothesis, he
may proceed in his original direction or decide to take a
different course.
Officer Lightly decides to craft two research questions and at
least one hypothesis for each. He has formulated the following:
· Research Question 1 (R1): Where in the community do
property crimes occur in the largest concentrations?
· Hypothesis 1 for R1: If an area in the community is low
income, property crimes are higher.
· Research Question 2 (R2): What are citizens in areas of high
crime currently doing in response to, or to protect against,
property crimes?
· Hypothesis 1 for R2: If citizens act purposively to prevent
property crime, they will not be victims of property crime.
Measuring Phenomena
In examining Officer Lightly’s variables, he recognizes that
they may be vague and therefore hard to measure. For example,
what constitutes low income or acting purposively? The
researcher must operationalize these concepts. Operationalizing
variables requires defining them and determining how they will
be measured. The researcher may, for example, characterize a
low-income area as one where 8 of 10 homes within a certain
radius report annual family incomes below the federally defined
poverty level of $19,000 for a family of four. There are many
different techniques used to operationalize variables, and the
previous example is only one of the potential ways for
operationalization.
Presentation
Types of Research Design Approaches
In any study, providing an answer to the research question or
3. idea is the primary objective. The research question focuses the
investigation on a specific topic that guides the entire research
design process, data collection, data analysis, and research
evaluation. There are an innumerable number of possible
research questions for any topic. Once the entire research
process has been executed, new alternative questions may also
become apparent.
Research design involves the researcher making decisions about
how many samples to study, as well as to administer the
dependent variable to eliminate or control threats to validity.
The particular research design method to be used in a study and
its application to the study must first be fully identified. The
basic research design is fairly clear-cut and will most likely fit
one of the following models:
· Correlational and causal-comparative research
· Survey research
· Qualitative and quantitative research
· Single-case research
Correlational and Causal-Comparative Research
Correlational and causal-comparative research are used to study
phenomena involving the inherent characteristics of
participants. However, there is an important difference between
the two approaches: causal-comparative research focuses on
making group comparisons, whereas the main focus of
correlational research is to estimate the significance of the
relationship between two variables. These differences in focus
result in different types of conclusions that can be drawn
(Mertens, 2005).
Survey Research
Survey research can be thought of as descriptive-research
methods or as data collection methods used within other
research designs (Mertens, 2005). Surveys can be used for a
variety of reasons, and they are used especially in educational
and psychological research. When developing an effective
survey, a good first step is to write a brief purpose for the
survey, in about 25 words or less. This purpose can then be
4. expanded to include specific objectives of the survey. A survey
researcher has a choice between several approaches: simple
descriptive, cross-sectional, and longitudinal. The simple
descriptive approach is a one-time survey administered over a
short period of time. The cross-sectional approach describes the
effects of groups over a specific period of time. The
longitudinal approach considers one cohort or a number of
groups over a long period of time (Mertens, 2005).
Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Qualitative research is designed to provide an in-depth
description of a specific program, practice, or setting (Mertens,
2005). Quantitative research, on the other hand, is designed for
the study of large groups using questionnaires, surveys, or
observations.
Single-Case Research
Single-case research is particularly appealing to researchers and
practitioners in education and psychology because it is based on
the interest in determining the effectiveness of a single
individual's intervention (Mertens, 2005).
Selecting Research Ideas
A strong research idea should be easy to justify. When choosing
which study to pursue, it is important to ask the following
questions:
· What potential impact will the results of the study have on the
field?
· What will be gained from answering the research question?
· Who will benefit from the results of the study?
In life, there are times when someone will have an idea and
think about that idea and how it could make a difference in the
world. As a professional, a person might have to make an
important decision but not have the tools or the knowledge to
make the best choice. The development of these ideas and the
need for statistical evidence are what fuel the research design
process. As a researcher, a person can be assigned an idea and
asked to work on it, or someone may have his or her own idea to
pursue. Regardless of the circumstances, it is important to
5. understand that research will always be in high demand and that
all research projects must be undertaken with the highest levels
of validity and reliability in mind.
Reference
Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation in education
and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative,
qualitative, and mixed methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
Article
Article: Research Design
Research Design
Research design provides detailed plans that specify how data
should be collected and analyzed. It covers two major areas:
quasi-experimental and experimental research. Experimental
design is a method of experimentation with the objective of
implicitly or explicitly including the control of variables;
researchers experiment by observing the effects of one or more
variables on others under controlled conditions. In the quasi-
experimental section, random assignments are not used to
establish equivalent experimental and control groups (Trochim,
2006).
Research Objectives
Research design can be exploratory, descriptive, or
experimental.
Exploration
Research designs may have exploratory objectives. Exploratory
design assumes that investigators have little or no knowledge
about the research problem under study.
Description
Descriptive design means depicting the characteristics of
whatever is being observed. For investigation, important
characteristics of study settings and persons are identified.
6. Later, investigators may conduct experimental research where
one or more of the described variables may be controlled and
assessed. Descriptive designs are the most common in
criminological research.
Experimentation
Experimentation and experimental objectives are designed to
demonstrate cause-effect relationships between variables.
Because the relationship between variables takes a great deal of
time and repeated research efforts to establish, investigators
caution their readers to be careful of jumping into conclusions
about cause-effect variable interrelationships. A key element
with this design is experimental and control groups. A design is
experimental if subjects are randomly assigned to treatment
groups and to control (comparison) groups. Cook and Campbell
(1979) mention 10 types of experimental design. Note that the
control group may receive no treatment or it may be a group
receiving a standard treatment (e.g., students receiving
computer-supported classes versus those receiving conventional
instruction). That is, the control group is not necessarily one to
be labeled "no treatment."
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is the application of statistical procedures
and techniques to data collected through surveys, including
interviews and questionnaire administration. They are known
for number crunches because a wide variety of sophisticated
statistical techniques exist to describe what they have
found. Thus, it involves the use of structured questions where
the response options have been predetermined and a large
number of respondents are involved. By definition,
measurement must be objective, quantitative, and statistically
valid. Simply put, it is about numbers—objective data
(Champion, 2005). Thus, quantitative research involves
7. investigation that heavily uses statistical procedures—statistical
manipulations of data considered as primary in an effort to
discover patterns of behavior. On the other hand, qualitative
research is an investigation that does not rely heavily on
statistical analyses—participant observation for the purpose of
discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is the application of observational
techniques or the analysis of documents as the primary means of
learning about persons or groups and their characteristics. This
type of research design is often called fieldwork, referring to
the immersion of researchers into the lives and worlds of those
studied. It involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data
by observing what people do and say. Whereas quantitative
research refers to counts and measures of things, qualitative
research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions,
characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things
(Champion, 2006).
Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative
research and uses very different methods of collecting
information, mainly through individuals, in-depth interviews,
and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is
exploratory and open-ended. Small numbers of people are
interviewed in-depth and a relatively small number of focus
groups are conducted. This type of research is often less costly
than surveys. It is effective in acquiring information about
people's communications, needs, and responses to specific
communications (Hagan & King, 1992).
References
Champion, D. J. (2005). Research methods for criminal justice
and criminology (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation:
Design and analysis issues for field settings. Florence,
8. KY: Cengage/Wadsworth.
Hagan, M., & King, R. P. (1992). Recidivism rate of youth
completing an intensive treatment program in a juvenile
correctional facility. International Journal of Offender Therapy
and Comparative Criminology, 36, 349–358.
Trochim, W. M. K. (2006, October). Research methods
knowledge base. Retrieved March 30, 2009, from Web Center
for Social Research Methods Web site:
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/
Article
Operationalizing Variables
When examining variables, a researcher might decide that they
may be vague and therefore hard to measure. The researcher
must operationalize these concepts. Operationalizing variables,
stated simply, is defining them and determining how they will
be measured. The researcher may, for example, characterize a
low income area as one where 8 of 10 homes within a certain
radius report annual family incomes below the federally defined
poverty level of $19,000 for a family of four. This is only one
of a number of potential ways to operationalize this variable.
Below are other examples of variable operationalization:
· Property crimes are higher.
· This is measured as follows: 4 in 10 properties (homes and
businesses) in the given area have reported property crimes in
the last 5 years.
· Act purposively to prevent property crime.
· This will be measured based on the types of activities people
engage in with the intention to prevent their homes and
businesses from being targeted. This will still seem vague
because the researcher may not yet know what these activities
will include.
· Property crimes are limited to incidents of vandalism to
include graffiti. Incidents may include reported and nonreported
vandalism.
· Victims of property crime is defined as reported cases of
9. property crime.
Operationalizing a variable may require defining the parameters
of each word within it.
Article
Primary Approaches to Social Science Methods
The approaches or designs employed by social scientists to
pursue their research fall primarily into two main categories:
quantitative and qualitative. It makes sense that a research
project might include elements of each of these; this is known
as employing a mixed methods approach.
Quantitative Methods Approach
Quantitative analysis, as the name implies, is concerned with
collecting, measuring, and processing quantitative data.
Quantitative analysis, or quant, is about numbers and logic
using data that are fixed, objectively gathered, and examined.
By starting with a problem or objective, the researcher brings
together various facts and data, then applies what is already
known and uses his or her own (or mathematical) logic to
pursue answers or make recommendations regarding courses of
action; this process is called convergent thinking. Think of this
process as a kin to what a police detective does in attempting to
solve a case as he starts with a problem then deductively
pursues answers.
Quantitative analysis focuses on mathematical formulas,
computer-based procedures, and statistical outputs. Although
this output is interpreted by human beings, there are a number
of rules that apply to guide the researcher in this interpretation.
The data and information gathered is essentially known, but it is
patterns in the data or observations that are looked for to
determine predictors or to help explain phenomena. By
combining the known information with rigorous mathematical
procedures, the researcher can elicit findings to help inform his
or her study and test his or her hypotheses. Examples of basic
quantitative data might include income or temperatures.
The quantitative approach to scientific inquiry relies on a
10. number of assumptions. One assumption is that social
conditions have phenomena that are rooted in an objective
reality. These facts then are able to be collected and considered
in quantities. Another assumption is that variables can always
be identified, and articulated and relationships between them
can be measured quantifiably. An important assumption that
quantitative analysis is tied to is the belief in the value of, and
intent to capture, an outsider’s perspective, with the outsider
being the objective scientist.
Quantitative analysis has several clear purposes. First, it is
designed to produce findings that offer a generalized view about
phenomena, relationships, patterns, or observations.
Furthermore, the explanations or interpretations drawn from
quantitative findings are intended to serve as general—therefore
widely applicable—findings to support or refute a relevant
theory or hypothesis. Another purpose of quantitative analysis
is to yield findings that help predict additional analysis from the
same data. In other words, when statistical analysis is
performed following accepted protocols, it should produce a
consistent output, which can also be reproduced by other social
scientists, given the same data and same tested hypotheses.
Ultimately, quantitative research focuses on providing causal
explanations for variables within a relationship.
Qualitative Methods Approach
From the moment we are born, we are observing and processing
information. In many cases, we predict an expected outcome
based on what we have experienced firsthand in the past. We
also observe what happens to others and discover lessons
vicariously or listen carefully to what others say and heed
advice. In these ways, we learn about our environment and then
make sense of why things happen as they do. Students of social
science may not see these methods for understanding our world
as precise, yet they recognize that these help provide context
and fundamental knowledge.
Qualitative research relies on subjective methods to collect data
or information that is also interpreted in subjective ways. This
11. is not to say the interpretations or analyses are biased, rather
the researcher focuses his or her examination on concepts,
perceptions, and words, as communicated by participants. The
data that is interesting to, and collected by, the qualitative
researcher is dynamic and complex, potentially reflecting an
ever-changing reality. The qualitative researcher employs
divergent thinking in approaching a problem by formulating
several or many innovative and unique possibilities that will
serve as, or contribute to, solutions. The researcher’s thoughts
diverge in several directions, drawing from multiple facets, to
supply potential answers.
With a qualitative approach, reality is the result of social
construction, with the premise being that we create our reality
versus discovering it. The observations, collection of data, and
interpretation of findings are all subjectively processed by the
researcher, which naturally means the variables used in
qualitative research are complicated and difficult to measure,
and the perspectives are those of an insider.
The purpose for using qualitative methods includes providing a
larger context for research and findings. Within the captured
environment, the motivations and perspectives of participants or
those observed are also considered in crafting a
multidimensional profile. Qualitative research approaches
complex social systems intending to engender understanding
and meaning.
Mixed Methods Approach
It may seem obvious that these two primary approaches can be
used together, but designing research that masterfully leverages
both types of methods is a bit more complicated than it might
first appear. The mixed methods approach blends quantitative
and qualitative approaches to refine and complement each other
by creating a new whole. There are many possibilities for
selecting and integrating the methods, instruments, tools, and
processes from each of the primary social research approaches,
which will bring to a study the elements, data, and findings that
are most useful for an exploration. The reason one might
12. employ mixed methods is to tailor a complex research design to
tackle a complex research problem.
Article
Types of Data
The type of data the researcher already has, seeks out or
eventually uses can aid him in determining the best approach to
employ. There are four types of data: nominal, ordinal, interval
and ratio.
Nominal
Nominal data is, stated simply, named data. A nominal scale
includes values such as one’s self-designation of their race. For
example, a racial characterization cannot be ordered or
measured, but by using names to collect data into categories,
data can be identified and referenced.
Ordinal
Ordinal data refers to items that can be placed in an order.
Income, for example, lists dollar figures for several
participants. These income amounts can be placed in an order,
say lowest to highest. High, medium and low may be ordered
positions as well. An ordinal scale depicts a sequence. Another
example might be reflected in questions on a survey that ask
“How happy are you in your current position? One, Very happy;
two, moderately happy; …” and so on. Ordinal data is not
processed by arithmetic.
Interval
Interval data is recognized as being equal distances apart. The
common example is temperature as expressed in Fahrenheit
degrees. Interval data cannot be multiplied or divided but it can
be measured in quantities. It can also be represented on a scale.
Ratio
Ratio data can be multiplied and divided. On a ratio scale
numbers might be multiples of other numbers. (4 is twice as
much as 2.) Ratio data can be measured on a scale as well; for
example the difference between 1 and 2 is the same as the
difference between 3 and 4. Ratio data can be scale data. At the
13. same it can be multiplied or divided and measured in quantities,
so it is also quantitative data.
Article
Methods of Quantitative Analysis
Consider a community policing research project. The
researcher has developed two research questions, has two
hypotheses to test, and has also operationalized the variables. In
the following example, just one variable is used to illustrate
each of the major approaches. The variable used will be victims
of property crime,which is limited to cases of vandalism
(including graffiti).
A quantitative approach to testing this hypothesis might use
criminal statistics, collecting those reports of
vandalism/graffiti. The data may be statistically processed and
analyzed, looking for demographic, geographic, the time of day,
and other information. Patterns within any of these categories
may help to inform the researcher about the parameters of her
problem.
A qualitative approach to measuring this variable might include
the officer looking for signs of vandalism and graffiti, and then
informally interviewing residents in a vandalized neighborhood
using open-ended questions, and potentially following up
later. Her focus in her questions is to gather actual responses
and capture the words of interviewees, but also to detect
unspoken anxiety, anger, or detachment in residents.
A mixed methods approach might leverage both of these tactics
as described above, or it might be used in a more integrated
fashion. For instance, first the researcher looks at the crime
stats. She then speaks to residents who made the reports in
neighborhoods where reports are high. She then reexamines the
stats to look for relationships to income levels, time of day, and
various demographics. Again, she returns to the neighborhood
and speaks with residents who have not made reports to ask
them about their awareness regarding the vandalism and how its
existence makes them feel in terms of security or trust in the
14. police.
Why Choosing the Proper Approach Matters
Ultimately, the researcher should select and combine (if
appropriate) the research methods that can best aid her in
answering her research question, thereby achieving her
objectives. To the extent possible, especially when the research
will be the foundation for a policy or program, she should
utilize a comprehensive methodology to ensure the resulting
product’s value and applicability.
Activity
CHDS: Research Process and Methods – Developing a Research
Plan
This lecture, provided by the Center of Homeland Defense and
Security (CHDS), contains information on various issues and
concepts with regard to the research design process.
Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Research Process and Methods
Lecture: Developing a Research Plan
Click on the following link to view Developing a Research Plan.
Click Here to View Lecture
Activity
CHDS: Research Process and Methods – Collecting Evidence:
Introduction
This lecture, provided by the Center of Homeland Defense and
Security (CHDS), contains information on various issues and
concepts with regard to the research design process.
Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Research Process and Methods
Lecture: Collecting Evidence: Introduction
Click on the following link to view Collecting Evidence:
Introduction.
Click Here to View Lecture
Activity
15. CHDS: Research Process and Methods – Conducting a
Literature Review
This lecture, provided by the Center of Homeland Defense and
Security (CHDS), contains information on various issues and
concepts with regard to the research design process.
Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Research Process and Methods
Lecture: Conducting a Literature Review
Click on the following link to view Conducting a Literature
Review.
Click Here to View Lecture
Resource Links
(http://www.experiment-resources.com/operationalization.html)
Information on the operationalization of variables into
measurable factors for experimental research.
(http://www.dhs.gov)
Official Web site of the Department of Homeland Security
(DHS).
(http://www.fema.gov/)
Official Web site of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA). Contains information on types of disasters,
planning, recovery, rebuilding, and federal assistance.
(http://allpsych.com/researchmethods/researchcontents.html)
A virtual course on the fundamentals of research methods.
(http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/)
A website for people involved in applied social research and
evaluation. You'll find lots of resources and links to other
locations on the Web that deal in applied social research
methods. The site offers an online statistical advisor that will
answer questions and lead you to an appropriate statistical test
16. for your data. It also includes a resource guide for learning
about structured conceptual mapping including links to general
introductory materials, research and case studies illustrating the
use of the method, and information about software. An online
hypertext textbook on applied social research methods that
covers everything you want to know about defining a research
question, sampling, measurement, research design and data
analysis is available, and an online workbook about manual
(i.e., dice-rolling) and computer simulation exercises of
common research designs, for students and researchers to learn
how to do simple simulations.