Personality
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Personality refers to characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. It arises from both innate factors like genetics as well as environmental influences. Major theories of personality include Freud's psychodynamic theory, the Big Five trait theory, and Jung's theory of the collective unconscious. Personality can be assessed through objective standardized tests that measure traits or through projective tests that analyze responses to ambiguous stimuli. Understanding personality has practical applications and improves quality of life by providing insights into human behavior and potential for growth.
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Personality psychology studies differences between individuals, including their formation of self-image, psychological processes, and reactions in various situations. Major theories of personality include psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behavioral, evolutionary, and social learning approaches. Key concepts in personality theories include Carl Jung's introversion-extroversion types, Sigmund Freud's id-ego-superego model of the mind, and B.F. Skinner's behavioral perspective that human behavior is shaped by environmental influences and consequences.
Personality
The document summarizes four major perspectives on personality: psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, and social-cognitive. It provides details on some key aspects of each perspective, including major theorists and approaches to assessing personality. The psychoanalytic perspective focuses on unconscious motivations and was pioneered by Freud, who proposed concepts like the id, ego, superego, and psychosexual stages of development. The trait perspective describes personality in terms of basic dimensions like the Big Five. The humanistic perspective emphasizes self-actualization and an individual's potential for growth. The social-cognitive perspective views personality as shaped by environmental and cognitive factors in a reciprocal relationship.
Personality
The document discusses several major perspectives on personality:
1) Psychoanalytic perspective focuses on unconscious motivations and was first proposed by Sigmund Freud, who believed personality arises from conflicts between pleasure-seeking impulses and social restraints.
2) Trait perspective describes personality in terms of dimensions like the "Big Five" traits.
3) Humanistic perspective as proposed by Maslow and Rogers focuses on self-actualization and fulfillment of human potential given the right environmental conditions.
4) Social-cognitive perspective views personality as an interaction between personal/cognitive factors and environmental influences.
Personality
The document discusses several major perspectives on personality:
1) Psychoanalytic perspective focuses on unconscious motivations and was first proposed by Sigmund Freud, who believed personality arises from conflicts between pleasure-seeking impulses and social restraints.
2) Trait perspective describes personality in terms of dimensions like the "Big Five" traits.
3) Humanistic perspective as proposed by Maslow and Rogers focuses on self-actualization and fulfillment of human potential given the right environmental conditions.
4) Social-cognitive perspective views personality as an interaction between personal/cognitive factors and environmental influences.
Chapter 11 Psych 1 Online Stud
The document discusses several theories of personality including trait approaches proposed by Gordon Allport and Raymond Cattell, biological factors in personality seen through twin studies, Freud's psychodynamic perspective focusing on unconscious experiences and defense mechanisms, behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives emphasizing unique learning histories and reciprocal determinism, and humanistic perspectives from Maslow and Rogers regarding self-actualization and achieving personal fulfillment.
Chapter 11 Psych 1 Online Stud 119991148026063 4[1]
The document discusses several theories of personality including trait approaches proposed by Gordon Allport and Raymond Cattell, biological factors in personality seen through twin studies, Freud's psychodynamic perspective focusing on unconscious experiences and defense mechanisms, behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives emphasizing learning history and reciprocal determinism, and humanistic perspectives like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' views on conditions of worth.
Assignment of Personality Psychology
This document provides an overview of personality psychology and various theories of personality. It discusses major approaches including type theories, psychoanalytic theories, behaviorist theories, social cognitive theories, humanistic theories, and biopsychological theories. For each approach, it provides details on influential theorists and concepts. The document aims to give a broad introduction to the study of personality and different frameworks used to understand personality.
Is looking at consumers' brain the ultimate solution?
The idea of using the latest techniques in the field of neuroscience to study consumer behavior has become a hot topic. The presentation delves into the debate over borrowing knowledge and techniques from neurosciences to bypass consumers’ rationalizations and get to the truth about their behavior. My point of view is that the answer is not in consumers’ brains but in ours: Strategists and Creatives, who are the endless students of human behavior.
This presentation was given at the 2007 AHAA Conference in NYC.
What is psychology 2011 version
Psychology is defined formally as the scientific study of people, the mind and behavior. It can also be defined as a discipline involving what is studied, a method of how it is studied, and an occupation. Importantly, psychology is situated within a cultural and historical context, so definitions have changed over time and are influenced by various perspectives. The study of psychology aims to describe, understand, predict, and influence human behavior and experience.
Theories of personality
This document discusses several theories of personality, including psychoanalytic perspectives proposed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William Sheldon. Freud believed personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego and develops through psychosexual stages in childhood. Jung proposed the collective unconscious containing archetypes and described introversion and extroversion. Adler emphasized feelings of inferiority and superiority. Sheldon categorized body types as endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. While contributing ideas about unconscious forces and early influences, psychoanalytic theories have also been criticized as vague and relying too heavily on case studies with potential distortions.
1. intro to psychology
The document provides an overview of the history and key concepts of psychology. It discusses early definitions of psychology, influential figures like Wilhelm Wundt who established the first psychology laboratory, and the development of major perspectives in psychology like structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive psychology, and humanism. The document emphasizes that psychology studies both behavior and mental processes and that the human mind is complex, requiring many different approaches and methods to understand.
Chapter15
The document provides an overview of several major perspectives on personality psychology:
- The psychoanalytic perspective focuses on unconscious motivations and how early childhood experiences shape personality. Freud's theories of the id, ego, and superego are discussed as well as defense mechanisms.
- The humanistic perspective emphasizes self-actualization and unconditional positive regard. Theories from Maslow and Rogers are covered.
- The trait perspective views personality as consisting of consistent patterns of behaviors and enduring dispositions. Allport's work identifying traits is mentioned.
- Additional topics include assessing the unconscious, evaluating different perspectives, and the social cognitive view of reciprocal influences on personality.
Cess
The document discusses various theories of personality, including:
1. Psychoanalytic theories proposed by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Heinz Kohut, and Karen Horney which focus on unconscious conflicts, psychosexual development, and the id, ego, and superego.
2. Humanistic theories by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers which view people as active beings responding to present experiences and emphasize empathy.
3. Biological theories examining the role of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, in personality using techniques like brain imaging.
4. Behaviorist theories from B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, and Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment,
Personality Theories And Trait Theories
Carl Rogers developed a humanistic theory of personality that focused on an individual's potential for positive growth. According to Rogers, every person has an innate drive towards self-actualization. He believed people's core nature is essentially positive and that through unconditional positive regard and empathy, individuals can achieve their full potential. Rogers' theory challenged the prevailing psychoanalytic theories and emphasized an individual's capacity for free will and personal growth in a supportive environment.
Chapter 15 ap psych- Personality
The document discusses several theories of personality including psychodynamic, trait, humanistic, and social-cognitive perspectives. It covers Freud's psychodynamic theories of the unconscious mind, id, ego, and superego. It also discusses traits, the Big Five factors, self-actualization, reciprocal determinism between behavior and environment, and research on the self.
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY.pptx
The document discusses Sigmund Freud's theory of personality development. Freud believed personality develops through stages from birth through adulthood. The key components of personality are the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego mediates between the id and reality, and the superego incorporates societal morals. Freud proposed five psychosexual stages of development - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital - where unresolved conflicts in early stages can impact personality long-term.
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What Lies Beneath: Personality theories simplified
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Chapter 11 Psych 1 Online Stud 119991148026063 4[1]
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Personality
- 1. Arnab Mitra
- 2. Origin … PERSONAis a GREEK word that means MASK. PERSONALITY, literally means, a likeable MASK. Origin of the word implies personality is the public self (our presentation of the self to the outside world)
- 3. Personality … “Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting”
- 4. WHY STUDY Personality ? PERSONALITYis concerned a great deal with the following five goals of PSYCHOLOGY which ultimately improves the quality of life:
- 6. Genetic traits.
- 10. Behavior
- 12. The Big Five / Trait theory.
- 16. Psychoanalytic theory … “first comprehensive theory of personality” Hypnosis Unconscious Free Association “Psychoanalysis”
- 21. “the mind is like an iceberg - mostly hidden”
- 22. Critique of freud’s theories …
- 23. The ‘big five’ Personality Traits … “Traits are consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings or actions that distinguish a person from others”
- 24. Carl Jung’s theory … “Individuals engage in constant adaptation and creative development, based on the environment” “The ‘self’ came from a mix of the conscious and unconscious”
- 26. Objective tests … “Structured Tests” 16 PERSONALITY FACTOR Questionnaire created by CATTELL Minnesota MultiphasicPersonality Inventory (MMPI) originally intended for psychiatric diagnosis.
- 29. assess PSYCHOLOGICAL disorders.
- 30. Depression – “I often feel life is not worth living”
- 31. Paranoia – “Several people are following me everywhere”
- 32. Schizophrenia – “I seem to hear things that others don’t”
- 33. empirically derived – test items selected based upon how well the person discriminates twixt groups of traits.
- 34. projective tests … “Unstructured Tests” RORSCHACH INKBLOT test consists of presenting the individual with ambiguous Stimuli and he is asked to “project” some kind of structure which in turn reflects underlying Psychological characteristics.
- 35. projective tests … THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST consists of ambiguous pictures about which a person is asked to write a complete story .
- 37. COnCLUSION…
- 38. COnCLUSION… “Understanding the self is at the core of personality studies. It affects our ability to learn, the capacity to grow and change.” “A strong, positive self-image is the best possible preparation for success in life”
- 39. Thank You