This document provides an overview of personal protective equipment (PPE) and tool safety. It discusses the different types of PPE required in industrial settings like hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, foot protection, and respirators. It outlines the employer's responsibilities to provide appropriate PPE and training, and the employee's responsibilities to properly use and maintain issued PPE. The document also reviews common hand tools and power tools used in industrial work, safety hazards associated with each, and best practices to prevent injuries. It provides details on OSHA regulations regarding PPE and tool safety.

1. Personal Protective
Equipment and Tool
Safety
Joe Nail
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
1

2. Introduction to PPE
11/19/13
Employees must be protected from harm.
Common methods for doing this are
Engineering Controls, Work Practices,
Administrative Controls and, Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE). Sometimes
one or more of the above is used and at
times all are used to provide adequate
protection. When only PPE is used, the
PPE is the only thing protecting the
employee from the danger. This unit
discusses basic types of PPE and the
employer requirements.
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
2

3. What is personal protective
equipment?
 Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is
designed to protect employees from serious
workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, radiological, physical,
electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.
Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and
safety shoes, PPE includes a
variety of devices and garments such as goggles,
coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two

4. Employer’s Responsibilities
(OSHA Subpart I:1910.132-140)
What Kind of PPE
Maintained PPE
Approved PPE
Training to use PPE
OSHA’s primary PPE standards are in Title 29 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), Part 1910 Subpart I, and equivalent regulations in states
with OSHA-approved state plans, but you can find PPE requirements
elsewhere in the General Industry Standards. For example, 29 CFR 1910.156,
OSHA’s Fire Brigades Standard, has requirements for firefighting gear. In
addition, 29 CFR 1926.95-106 covers the construction industry. OSHA’s
general PPE requirements mandate that employers conduct a hazard
assessment of their workplaces to determine what hazards are present that
require the use of PPE, provide workers with appropriate PPE, and require
them to use and maintain it in sanitary and reliable condition. As an employer,
you must assess your workplace to determine if hazards are present
that require the use of PPE.
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
4

5. 1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment
 (2)The employer shall verify that the required workplace
hazard assessment has been performed through a written
certification that identifies:
 The workplace evaluated;
 The person certifying that the evaluation has been
performed;
 The date(s) of the hazard assessment; and,
 Which identifies the document as a certification of hazard
assessment

6. New Employee Orientation
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
6

7. Employer’s Responsibilities
1910.132(f) Training
 If such hazards are present, you must select PPE and require employees to
use it, communicate your PPE selection decisions to your employees, and
select PPE that properly fits your workers. You must also train employees
who are required to wear PPE on how do the following:







Use PPE properly,
Be aware of when PPE is necessary,
Know what kind of PPE is necessary,
Understand the limitations of PPE in
protecting employees from injury,
Don, adjust, wear, and care for PPE, and
Maintain PPE properly.
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
7

8. Employee’s Responsibilities

Inspect Maintain Report Defects
Employees should look at their equipment on a daily basis to
make sure it is good working order. This is the responsibility of
each employee.
PPE, especially eye wear and face masks, should be cleaned
daily by the person who wears it.
The employee must reports any problems with PPE, as well as
other protective equipment, as soon as it is detected.
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
8

9. 1910.132(f) Training
 (2)Workers must demonstrate an
understanding of the training and the ability to
use PPE properly, before being allowed to
perform work requiring the use of PPE:
 (4)Verify that each employee has received and
understood the required training through a written
certification that contains:
 The name of each employee trained,
 The date(s) of training, and that
 Identifies the subject of the certification

10. 1910.138(a) General requirements
 Employers shall select and require employees
to use appropriate hand protection when
employees' hands are exposed to hazards
such as those from:
 Skin absorption of harmful substances;
 Severe cuts or lacerations;
 Severe abrasions;
 Punctures;
 Chemical burns;
 Thermal burns; and
 Harmful temperature extremes

11. Introduction to PPE
 Hand Protection
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
11

12. Introduction to PPE
 Head
Protection
Early Hard Hats were made
of metal
Webbing: 1 inch
clearance
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
12

13. 1910.135(a) General requirements
 (1)Ensure that each
employee wears a protective
helmet when working in areas
where there is a potential for
injury to the head from falling
objects

14. Classes and types of Hard hats
 Type I hard hats - intended
to reduce the force of
impact resulting from a
Classes
 G (old A)
 General
 2,200 volts
blow to the top of the head
 Type II hard hats designed to provide
 E (old B)
 Electrical
 20,000 volts
protection against both side
impact (lateral) and blows
to the top of the head
 C (same)
 Conductive

15. 1910.135(b) Criteria for protective
helmets
 (1)Protective
helmets purchased
after July 5, 1994
shall comply with
ANSI Z89.1-1986

16. Introduction to PPE
 Care of a Hard Hat
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
16

17. Introduction to PPE
 Eye Protection
 Glasses
 Goggles
Z 87.1-1989
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
17

18. Introduction to PPE
 Face Protection
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
18

19. PPE 1910.95
Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be
provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in
Table G-16.
Hearing Protection: Reusable and Disposable
Ear Muffs
11/19/13
Reusable Ear Plugs
Ear Protection and
Communication
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
19

20. Table G-16
Exposure Hours per Day
8
90
6
92
4
95
3
97
2
100
1 1/2
102
1
105
1/2
110
¼ or less
11/19/13
Sound Level in dBA
115
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
20

21. 1910.136(a) General requirements
 Ensure that each affected
employee uses protective
footwear when working
in areas where there is:
 A danger of foot injuries due to
falling or rolling objects, or
 Objects piercing the sole, and
 Where such employee's feet are
exposed to electrical hazards

22. Introduction to PPE
 Foot Protection
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
22

23. 1910.136(b) Criteria for protective
footwear
 (1)Protective footwear purchased after July 5,
1994 shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991,
"American National Standard for Personal
Protection-Protective Footwear,"

24. Introduction to PPE
 Foot Protection(continued)
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
24

25. Introduction to PPE
 Foot Protection(continued)
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
25

26. Safety Harness
 Limits a fall to only a feet
 Must be supplied by employer
 Employee MUST be trained on how to use
 Requires a written program
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
26

27. Introduction to PPE
 Respiratory Protection
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
27

28. Respiratory Protection
 Filter Respirators
 Air-Purifying-particles and gases
 Particulate-dusts and mists
Atmosphere-Supplying-Respirators
Supplied Air
Self Contained
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
28

29. 1910.134(c)(1) Respiratory
protection program
 Where respirators are required you need:
 Written program
 Worksite-specific procedures
 Required elements:
 Training
 Fit testing
 Medical evaluations
 Care and maintenance
 Procedures for respirator selection
 Procedures for routine & emergency use

30. 1910.134(c)(2) Where respirator use is not
required:
 (i)If voluntary respirator use is permissible, provide
the respirator users with the information contained
in Appendix D and,
 (ii)Establish and implement those elements of a
written respiratory protection program* necessary to
ensure that any employee using a respirator
voluntarily is medically able to use that respirator
 (ii)That the respirator is cleaned, stored, and
maintained so that its use does not present a health
hazard to the user
*Written program not required for voluntary use of dust masks

31. Introduction to PPE
 Atmosphere Supplying
Respirators
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
31

32. SCBA
 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
 Used in Low Oxygen Environments like
Confined Spaces as defined by OSHA
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
32

33. Part Two-Hand Tools
 Defective Tools
 Wrong Tool for the Job
 Improperly Maintained Tool
 Tool in the Wrong Place
 Incorrect Body Positioning
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
33

34. Hand Tools
 Defective Tools
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
34

35. Hand Tools
 Wrong Tool for the Job
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
35

36. Hand Tools
 Incorrect Use
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
36

37. Hand Tools
 Wrong Place (storage practices)
 Wrong Body Positioning
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
37

38. Hand Tools
 Screwdrivers
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
38

39. Hand Tools
 Wrenches
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
39

40. Hand Tools
 Pliers
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
40

41. Hand Tools
 Hammers and Mallets
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
41

42. Hand Tools
 Chisels and Punches
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
42

43. Hand Tools
 Knives
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
43

44. Hand Tools
 Electric Tools and Electrical Safety
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
44

45. Hand Tools
 Pneumatic Tools
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
45

46. Hand Tools
 Gasoline Powered Tools and
Equipment
11/19/13
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
46

47. General Safety Precautions
 Keep all tools in good condition
with regular maintenance
 Use the right tool for the right job
 Inspect each tool for damage
before use
 Operate according to the
manufacturer’s instructions
 Provide and use proper personal
protective equipment
47

48. General Safety Precautions
Responsibility of the employer
 PPE provision and monitoring
 Safe work procedures
 Safe condition of tools including
personal tools
48

49. Hand Tools
 Non powered
 Largest hazard
 Misuse
 Improper maintenance
 Safe use
 Direction of knives and blades
 Sharp knives and blades
 Safe working surfaces
49

50. Power Tools
 Classification by power source
 Electric
 Pneumatic
 Liquid Fuel
 Hydraulic
 Powder Actuated
50

51. Power Tools (cont.)
 1926.304(d)
 Upper blade guard
 Lower blade guard
 Automatically returns to
starting position
51

52. Power Tools (cont.)
 1926.300(d)(2)
 Equipped with a momentary
contact “on-off” control and
may have a lock-on control
provided.
 However, that turnoff must be
accomplished by a single
motion of the same finger or
fingers that turn it on.
52

53. Power Tools (cont.)
 Momentary Contact “on/off” switch
 Drills
 Tappers
 Fasteners
 Drivers
 Grinders – Greater than 2” in dia.
 Disc and Belt Sanders
 Reciprocating Saws
53

54. Power Tools (cont.)
 Positive “on/off” controls
 Disc Sanders – w/ discs 2” in dia. Or less
 Routers
 Trimmers
 Shears
 Jig Saws – w/ blade ¼” wide or less
54

55. Power Tools (cont.)
ON POSITION
OFF POSITION
55

56. Power Tools (cont.)
 Never carry tools by cords
 Never pull cords to disconnect
 Disconnect tools when not in use
or during maintenance
 Secure work with vice or clamp
 Allows two hands for working
 Follow users manual instructions
56

57. Power Tools (cont.)
 Proper apparel
 NO loose clothing, hair, or jewelry
 Tag all damaged tools “Out of Service” or discard them
 Keep blades and knives sharpened
57

58. Electric Tools (cont.)
58

59. Electric Tools (cont.)
Double-Insulated Marking
59

60. Powered Abrasive Wheels
 Flying fragments
 Wear proper PPE
 Ring test – 1926.303(c)(7)
 Mounting
 Follow manufacturer’s instructions
60

61. Abrasive Wheels (cont.)
Maximum RPM
61

62. Abrasive Wheels (cont.)
180 deg
62

63. Powder Actuated Tools
 1926.302(e)
 Meet ANSI A10.3 – 1970
 PPE
 Eye Protection
 Head and face depending on conditions
 Proper training required
63

64. Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
 1926.302(e)
 Fasteners used in tool
specifically designed
for that tool
 Designed for the
material that is being
driven into
Concret
e
Concrete/wo
od
Wood
Specific size = Specific operation
64

65. Charges used in
powder actuated tools
Right size charge with right size fastener
65

66. Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
 Tools must be inspected before use
 Defective tools taken out of service immediately
 Tools not loaded until just before intended firing
Loaded or empty tools are never to be pointed at anyone
66

67. Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
 1926.302(e)(7) Fasteners not driven into:
 Very hard or brittle materials
 Cast iron
 Glazed tile
 Surface-hardened steel
 Glass block
 Live rock
 Face brick
 Hollow tile
67

68. Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
 Inspection:
 Make sure it’s clean
 All parts must operate freely
 The barrel is free from obstructions
68

69. Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
 Firing
 Keep hands clear of the barrel
 5 pounds of force against working material
 Misfires
 Wait 30 seconds
 Try firing again
 Wait another 30 sec.
 Remove the cartridge
 Place in water
69

70. Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
 Defects
 Tag “do not operate”
 Remove from service
70

71. “FATAL FACT”
Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder
actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form
in preparation for pouring a concrete wall.
71

72. “FATAL FACT”
Employees performing remodeling operations building a wall.
Operator was attempting to anchor plywood to a 2”x 4” stud. The
nail penetrated the stud and struck the victim. One worker killed
when struck by a nail from a powder-actuated tool.
72

73. Pneumatic Tools
 Appropriate PPE
 Eye Protection
 Hearing Protection
 Other Employees
73

74. Pneumatic Tool
Connections
UNACCEPTABLE
ACCEPTABLE
HOSE CLAMP
74

75. REVIEW




















11/19/13

1. What must your employer provide in addition to the appropriate PPE?
2. What is the employee’s responsibility before using PPE?
3. What is the greatest danger when wearing loose fitting clothing on the job?
4. How long should you shower if you come into contact with a dangerous chemical?
5. How much clearance should a hard hat webbing provide between your head and the
top of
the shell?
6. Give the type of eye protection that protects from debris approaching from multiple
angles?
7. What units are used to measure noise?
8. In what areas should disposable ear plugs NOT be used?
9. Before entering a confined space, the workers safety harness is attached to a
__________.
10. What kind of respirator is worn in areas that contain little or no oxygen?
11. What is the first thing to do before using any tool?
12. Which of the “jaws” is the strongest on the crescent wrench?
13. What is the name given to the wrench that IS meant to be struck with a hammer?
14. What do you call the condition of wear that refers to a badly worn striking surface?
15. When should you use a mallet in place of a hammer?
16. What is the difference between a regular knife and a safety knife?
17. What is the most important feature of an electrical power tool?
18. What is the greatest hazard with electrical tools?
19. State the purpose of a dead man switch.
20. When using compressed air for removing dirt, what should the maximum pressure be?
Industrial Safety Lecture Two
75