The document discusses factors that affect personal growth and development. It identifies heredity and genetic factors as well as environmental factors as the main influences. Heredity factors include phenotype, parental characteristics, race, sex, and genetic disorders. Environmental factors impacting growth include prenatal influences like maternal nutrition and infections, as well as postnatal impacts such as nutrition, infections, socioeconomic status, climate, culture, emotions, and diseases. Growth and development are complex processes influenced by an interaction of many genetic and environmental determinants.

1. Monday, August 26, 2019
Jones H.M-MBA
1
PERSONAL
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT by
Mr. Jones H.M-MBA

2. GROWTH
 This is an increase in some
quantity overtime. The quantity can
be physical e.g. growth in height.
 An increase in the amount of
actively metabolic protoplasm,
accompanied by an increase in cell
number, or cell size, or both.
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3. GROWTH CONT
 The increase in the size of the
organism or its parts, measured as
an increase in weight, volume, or
linear dimensions.
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 3

4. Development
1. This is change or growth with
increase in complexity
2. A series of events occurring in an
organism during the change from
the fertilized egg to the adult stage.
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5. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Growth and development depends on
not only one bit a combination of
many factors
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FACTORS
AFFECTING
GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
HERIDITY &
GENETIC FACTORS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
Jones H.M-MBA

6. 1. HERIDITY AND GENETIC FACTORS
a. Phenotype
b. Characteristics of parents
c. Race
d. Sex
e. Bio-Rhythm and Maturation
f. Genetic Disorders
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7. A. PHENOTYPE
 A phenotype is any observable
characteristic or trait of an
organism: such as its morphology,
development, biochemical or
physiological properties, or behavior.
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8. PHENOTYPE cont
 Parental traits are transmitted
to the offspring's.
 Height, size of the head,
structure of the chest, fatty
tissue, etc have better
genetic association than other
somatic characteristics
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 8

9. B. CHARACTERISTICS OF PARENTS
Parents of high IQ
having children of the
same and vice versa.
(Further enhanced by
environmental
stimulation)
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10. C. RACE
 Growth potential; of children of
different racial groups is different
e.g. Africa, American, Asia
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11. D. SEX
 Boys are heavier & taller than girls
at birth and this is maintained till 11
yrs of age.
 Pre pubertal growth spurt occurs
earlier in girls.
 Once again the boys grow taller
than girls once they reach the pre-
pubertal growth spurt.
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12. E. BIO-RHYTHM & MATURATION
Daughters attaining
menarche at similar age as
their mothers.
Similar length of menstrual
cycle
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13. F. GENETIC DISORDERS
 Growth and development are adversely
affected by certain genetic disorders.
1. Chromosomal abnormalities e.g. Turner
syndrome, down syndrome
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14. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 PHYSICAL SURROUNDINGS
Sunshine, Hygiene, living standards
 SOCIAL FACTORS
Relation with other family
members, teachers, friends….etc.
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15. A. PRE NATAL ENVIRONMENT
 Uterus shields the fetus from external adverse
conditions
 ARMFUL PRE NATAL FACTORS
 Maternal nutritional deficiencies
 Mal positions
 Metabolic, endocrine disturbances
 Infectious diseases e.g. rubella, toxoplasmosis,
syphilis, herpes
 Rh incompatibility, smoking, alcohol and intake of
certain drugs
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16. HARMFUL PRE NATAL FACTORS
cont
 Infectious diseases e.g. rubella,
toxoplasmosis, syphilis, herpes
 Rh incompatibility, smoking, alcohol
and intake of certain drugs
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 16

17. B. POST NATAL ENVIRONMENT
 These determine the pace and pattern of
growth and development.
 Nutrition
 Infections and Infestations
 Trauma
 Socio- economic level
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18. POST NATAL ENVIRONMENT cont
• Climate
• Cultural factors
• Emotional factors
• Chronic diseases
• Ordinal position in the family
• Growth potentials
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19. 1. Nutrition
 Growth of children is retarded if suffering
from PEM, anemia and vitamin deficiency.
 Over eating and obesity accelerates somatic
growth
2. Infections and Infestations
 Persistent and recurrent diarrhea and RTIs
leads to growth impairment
 Systemic & parasitic infections decreases
velocity of growth
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20. 3. Trauma
 Fracture of the end of the bone damages
the growing epiphysis and thus hampers
the skeletal growth.
 Head injury may cause brain damage and
affect the mental development of the child.
4. Social economic level
- High socio economic level = superior
nutritional status, fewer infections.
- Poverty = diminished growth
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21. 5. Climate
 Velocity of growth may alter in different
season (usually higher in spring and low in
summer months)
 Infections and infestations are common in
hot and humid climates
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22. 6. Cultural factors
 Methods of child rearing & infant
feeding in the community are
determined by the cultural habits
 Some religious taboos (related to
food stuff) also affect the growth
and development
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23. 7. Emotional factors
 Children from broken homes and
orphanages do not grow and
develop in an optimum level
 Emotional trauma from unstable
family, insecurity, loss of parents,
inadequate schooling, etc have
negative effect on growth and
development.
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24. 8. Chronic diseases
 Chronic diseases impair growth and
development compared with acute
illness.
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25. 9.Ordinal position in the family
 First born child – gets more attention
 The only child-develop more rapidly &
intellectually than other children with siblings
 The middle child- gets less attention & is less
achievement oriented than the first born.
 Youngest child- more peer oriented, less
achievement oriented, less intellectually
inclined…but gets great deal of love & attention
(therefore develop good nature, friendly, warm
personality & high self esteem.
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26. Theend
Thankforyourattention
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2019 Jones H.M-MBA 26