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Personal Finances
and Economics
What functions does money have?
Medium of Exchange: We trade “Money” for
“Goods & Services”
Store of Value: We hold our wealth in the form of
“Money” until we are ready to use it.
Measure of Value: Money is a measuring stick that
can be used to assign a “Value” to a “Good or
Service”.
What different types of money can be used?
Historically: Salt, Animal Hides, Gems, Tobacco
Today Currency: Coins, Paper Money, Debit Cards,
& Credit Cards
What gives money value?
We are absolutely sure that someone else will
accept its “Value” as well.
What types of institutions work within our financial system?
Commercial Banks: Financial Institutions that offer full
banking service to all individuals & businesses.
Savings and Loan Associations (S&Ls): Financial
Institutions that traditionally “Loan Money” to people
buying homes; however, today they also perform many
of the service that “Banks” perform.
Credit Unions: These are “Non-Profit” institutions that
are only open to members of the group that sponsors
them…EX…SECU (State Employees Credit Union)
What makes our financial system safe?
FDIC: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is a
National Corporation that “Insures” individual accounts in
financial institutions for up to $100,000…created after
the Great Depression.
Government Regulation: Banking is one of the most
“Regulated” industries in the nation because of the
banking disaster in the 1920s…they are required to follow
rules and accounting practices that minimize unnecessary
risk.
Within the free enterprise system individuals have a number of
rights that include:
The right to enter into any business or profession you are
interested in if it is Legal
The right to buy the products and brands that you like & to
reject others that you don’t like.
Identify each of the following:
Disposable Income – The money that remains after “ALL TAXES”
on it have been paid.
Discretionary Income – The money remaining after paying for
“All Necessities”.
In the past the rights of consumers were limited and could be
summed up with the phrase caveat emptor “Let the Buyer Beware”
What is consumerism? A movement to educate Buyers about the
Purchases they make and to demand better & safer products from
Manufacturers.
Identify the purpose of each of the following acts:
The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act: Requires packages to list their ingredients
according to the amount of each.
The Pure Food and Drug Act: Requires Manufacturers of foods, cosmetics, &
drugs to prove that their products are safe.
The Fair Packaging and labeling Act: Requires every package to have a Label
identifying its contents and its weight.
What is the Better Business Bureau (BBB) – Provides info about Local Businesses
and warn Consumers about dishonest business practices.
What does the Consumer Bill of Rights (1960’s) state:
Right to a Safe Product
Right to be Informed
Right to Choose
Right to be Heard
Right to Redress…Ask for your Money Back!!
Consumer
Responsibilities
Gather Info
Comparison
Shopping
Make Fair
Complaints
Report
Faulty
Products
Use
Advertising
Carefully
What responsibility do consumers have?
What is a budget? A careful record of all the money you earn and
spend.
What is income? The Money you Earn
What are expenses? The Money you Spend on Everything
What is a:
Balanced budget- A Budget in which there is no Surplus or Deficit
Budget surplus- Money is left over after you have paid all Expenses
Budget deficit- You are short money after paying all Expenses
What is credit? Borrowing Money to pay for something now while
promising to repay later
Where do people go to borrow money (sources of credit)?
Banks
Credit Unions
Finance Companies
Stores
Credit Term Description
Lender
Person who loans the money
Borrower
Person that Receives the
Loaned Money
Interest
The cost for the use of the
money
Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
The annual cost of credit
expressed as a % of the
amount borrowed
Credit Rating
An Evaluation of the likelihood
of a borrower defaulting or
being unable to repay a loan.
Collateral
Property that a borrower
pledges as security for a loan.
Bankruptcy
The inabilities to pay off
debts…you have no money.
Credit Terms
Type of Account Definition Return Time Frame
Bank Savings
Account
Accounts at a
Bank, Savings
Association, or
Credit Union
Low Interest
Rate
Depositor can
withdraw money
at any time.
Certificates of
Deposit
Bank Notes for a
set period of
time at a Fixed
Rate of Interest
Interest Rates
are usually
higher than rates
for Bank Savings
Accounts
Vary from 6
months to 5
years.
Money Market
Accounts
Savings Accounts
offered by Banks
that require a
high minimum
balance
Interest Rates
are usually
higher than rates
for regular Bank
savings accounts
Depositor may
withdraw funds
at any time.
U.S. Savings
Bonds
The U.S.
Gov’t issues
savings bonds
as one of its
ways of
borrowing
money
Interest Rate is
usually higher
than rates on
Bank Savings
Accounts
Good for
medium &
long-term
savings goals.
What are the different kinds of savings accounts individuals can save money in:
What are investments? Risking your income for a greater
profit at a later time.
Besides savings accounts what are other ways in which
people can invest their money?
Stocks: Partial Ownership Shares of a Corporation
Dividend: Payment received for Ownership of
a Share of Stock.
Bonds: Lending or Investing your Personal Income
with the U.S. Government…you are loaning the
Gov’t Money.
Mutual Funds: Pools of money from many people
who are invested in a selection of individual stocks
or bonds chosen by financial experts.

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Personal finances and economics

  • 2. What functions does money have? Medium of Exchange: We trade “Money” for “Goods & Services” Store of Value: We hold our wealth in the form of “Money” until we are ready to use it. Measure of Value: Money is a measuring stick that can be used to assign a “Value” to a “Good or Service”. What different types of money can be used? Historically: Salt, Animal Hides, Gems, Tobacco Today Currency: Coins, Paper Money, Debit Cards, & Credit Cards What gives money value? We are absolutely sure that someone else will accept its “Value” as well.
  • 3. What types of institutions work within our financial system? Commercial Banks: Financial Institutions that offer full banking service to all individuals & businesses. Savings and Loan Associations (S&Ls): Financial Institutions that traditionally “Loan Money” to people buying homes; however, today they also perform many of the service that “Banks” perform. Credit Unions: These are “Non-Profit” institutions that are only open to members of the group that sponsors them…EX…SECU (State Employees Credit Union)
  • 4. What makes our financial system safe? FDIC: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is a National Corporation that “Insures” individual accounts in financial institutions for up to $100,000…created after the Great Depression. Government Regulation: Banking is one of the most “Regulated” industries in the nation because of the banking disaster in the 1920s…they are required to follow rules and accounting practices that minimize unnecessary risk.
  • 5. Within the free enterprise system individuals have a number of rights that include: The right to enter into any business or profession you are interested in if it is Legal The right to buy the products and brands that you like & to reject others that you don’t like. Identify each of the following: Disposable Income – The money that remains after “ALL TAXES” on it have been paid. Discretionary Income – The money remaining after paying for “All Necessities”. In the past the rights of consumers were limited and could be summed up with the phrase caveat emptor “Let the Buyer Beware” What is consumerism? A movement to educate Buyers about the Purchases they make and to demand better & safer products from Manufacturers.
  • 6. Identify the purpose of each of the following acts: The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act: Requires packages to list their ingredients according to the amount of each. The Pure Food and Drug Act: Requires Manufacturers of foods, cosmetics, & drugs to prove that their products are safe. The Fair Packaging and labeling Act: Requires every package to have a Label identifying its contents and its weight. What is the Better Business Bureau (BBB) – Provides info about Local Businesses and warn Consumers about dishonest business practices. What does the Consumer Bill of Rights (1960’s) state: Right to a Safe Product Right to be Informed Right to Choose Right to be Heard Right to Redress…Ask for your Money Back!!
  • 8. What is a budget? A careful record of all the money you earn and spend. What is income? The Money you Earn What are expenses? The Money you Spend on Everything What is a: Balanced budget- A Budget in which there is no Surplus or Deficit Budget surplus- Money is left over after you have paid all Expenses Budget deficit- You are short money after paying all Expenses What is credit? Borrowing Money to pay for something now while promising to repay later Where do people go to borrow money (sources of credit)? Banks Credit Unions Finance Companies Stores
  • 9. Credit Term Description Lender Person who loans the money Borrower Person that Receives the Loaned Money Interest The cost for the use of the money Annual Percentage Rate (APR) The annual cost of credit expressed as a % of the amount borrowed Credit Rating An Evaluation of the likelihood of a borrower defaulting or being unable to repay a loan. Collateral Property that a borrower pledges as security for a loan. Bankruptcy The inabilities to pay off debts…you have no money. Credit Terms
  • 10. Type of Account Definition Return Time Frame Bank Savings Account Accounts at a Bank, Savings Association, or Credit Union Low Interest Rate Depositor can withdraw money at any time. Certificates of Deposit Bank Notes for a set period of time at a Fixed Rate of Interest Interest Rates are usually higher than rates for Bank Savings Accounts Vary from 6 months to 5 years. Money Market Accounts Savings Accounts offered by Banks that require a high minimum balance Interest Rates are usually higher than rates for regular Bank savings accounts Depositor may withdraw funds at any time. U.S. Savings Bonds The U.S. Gov’t issues savings bonds as one of its ways of borrowing money Interest Rate is usually higher than rates on Bank Savings Accounts Good for medium & long-term savings goals. What are the different kinds of savings accounts individuals can save money in:
  • 11. What are investments? Risking your income for a greater profit at a later time. Besides savings accounts what are other ways in which people can invest their money? Stocks: Partial Ownership Shares of a Corporation Dividend: Payment received for Ownership of a Share of Stock. Bonds: Lending or Investing your Personal Income with the U.S. Government…you are loaning the Gov’t Money. Mutual Funds: Pools of money from many people who are invested in a selection of individual stocks or bonds chosen by financial experts.