The several assets for high-speed data transmission over wireless uses the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) as it is a multicarrier transmission scheme. A large number of narrow bandwidth carriers is
therefore adopted by the OFDM. Individually for an OFDM, each subcarrier is attenuated under the frequency-selective
and fast fading channel, therefore the resulting gain is high attenuation which leads to poor performance of all OFDM
subcarriers if the same fixed transmission scheme are used. Thus the main goal of the indicated paper is to grab an
understanding of the inequality between fixed & adaptive modulations schemes as the introduction of the adaptive
modulation. The need for the above system is to make use of the speaker's voice to check their character and control
approach to administrations, for example, voice dialing data administrations, voice send, and security control for secret
data. The performance of paperwork basically states that implementation of adaptive modulation is done into blocks of
adjacent subcarriers which is the result of dividing whole subcarriers. Therefore the equivalent modulation scheme which
is the calculation of average instantaneous signal to noise (SNR) is exercised to entire subcarriers of the equal block. The
OFDM system average bit error rate (BER) performance is observed here under fixed modulation and adaptive
modulation, and these modulation techniques are recorded by accepting the different inverse fast Fourier transforms
(IFFT) size and uncomplicated adaptive Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) strategy. The simulation in MATLAB
shows the results as the performance of fixed modulation is inferior to that of the BER performance of OFDM system
using adaptive modulation. The prospective adaptive modulation and coding Technique uses OFDM to manage the fixed
BER under changing the channel.
Comparative performance analysis of different modulation techniques for papr ...IJCNCJournal
One of the most important multi-carrier tran
smission techniques used in the latest wireless com
munication
arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul
tiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics
such as providing greater immunity to multipath fad
ing & impulse noise, eliminating Inter Symbol
Interference (ISI) & Inter Carrier Interference (IC
I) using a guard interval known as Cyclic Prefix (C
P). A
regular difficulty of OFDM signal is high peak to a
verage power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the r
atio
of the peak power to the average power of OFDM Sign
al. An improved design of amplitude clipping &
filtering technique of us previously reduced signif
icant amount of PAPR with slightly increase bit err
or rate
(BER) compare to an existing method in case of Quad
rature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) & Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM). This paper investigates
a comparative performance analysis of the differen
t
higher order modulation techniques on that design.
AN OVERVIEW OF PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OFDM SIGNALSijmnct
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been widely adopted for high data rate wireless
communication systems due to its advantages such as extraordinary spectral efficiency, robustness to
channel fading and better QoS (Quality of Service) performance for multiple users. However, some
challenging issues are still unresolved in OFDM systems. One of the issues is the high PAPR (peak-toaverage
power ratio), which results in nonlinearity in power amplifiers, and causes out of band radiation
and in band distortion. This paper reviews some conventional PAPR reduction techniques and their
modifications to achieve better PAPR performance. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are
discussed in detail. And comparisons between different techniques are also presented. Finally, this paper
makes a prospect forecast about the direction for further researches in the area of PAPR reduction for
OFDM signals
Designing and Performance Evaluation of 64 QAM OFDM SystemIOSR Journals
In this report, the performance analysis of 64 QAM-OFDM wireless communication
systems affected by AWGN in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Throughput is addressed. 64 QAM (64 ary
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the one of the effective digital modulation technique as it is more power
efficient for larger values of M(64). The MATLAB script based model of the 64 QAM-OFDM system with
normal AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel has been made for study error performance and
throughput under different channel conditions. This simulated model maximizes the system throughput in the
presence of narrowband interference, while guaranteeing a SER below a predefined threshold. The SER
calculation is accomplished by means of modelling the decision variable at the receiver as a particular case of
quadratic form D in complex Gaussian random variables. Lastly comparative study of SER performance of 64
QAM-OFDM simulated & 64 QAM-OFDM theoretical under AWGN channel has been given. Also
performance of the system is given in terms of throughput (received bits/ofm symbol) is given in a plot for
different SNR
In this paper, the Performance Analysis of Cascade Integrator Comb Filter in context of Filter Bank Multicarrier Transmission has been presented for Cognitive radio. A benefit of the chosen technique is that, a CIC filter can be designed with a slight adjustment in parameters of interest. The entire performance of the filters designed is analyzed and evaluated by analyzing Normalized Amplitude versus Normalized Frequency plots at typical K and N values. The roll off factor plays a significant role in performance analysis of CIC filter. The results shown are a useful advance for rf design engineers working in the domain of multirate signal processing in wireless communication. To ensure the acceptable performance of Enhanced FBMC, computational complexity, and transmission burst length need to be reduced. The effect of Stop band attenuation on the edges of Magnitude and Frequency responses has been studied under constraints such as Lp, K and M during different simulation runs.
Comparative performance analysis of different modulation techniques for papr ...IJCNCJournal
One of the most important multi-carrier tran
smission techniques used in the latest wireless com
munication
arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul
tiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics
such as providing greater immunity to multipath fad
ing & impulse noise, eliminating Inter Symbol
Interference (ISI) & Inter Carrier Interference (IC
I) using a guard interval known as Cyclic Prefix (C
P). A
regular difficulty of OFDM signal is high peak to a
verage power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the r
atio
of the peak power to the average power of OFDM Sign
al. An improved design of amplitude clipping &
filtering technique of us previously reduced signif
icant amount of PAPR with slightly increase bit err
or rate
(BER) compare to an existing method in case of Quad
rature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) & Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM). This paper investigates
a comparative performance analysis of the differen
t
higher order modulation techniques on that design.
AN OVERVIEW OF PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OFDM SIGNALSijmnct
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been widely adopted for high data rate wireless
communication systems due to its advantages such as extraordinary spectral efficiency, robustness to
channel fading and better QoS (Quality of Service) performance for multiple users. However, some
challenging issues are still unresolved in OFDM systems. One of the issues is the high PAPR (peak-toaverage
power ratio), which results in nonlinearity in power amplifiers, and causes out of band radiation
and in band distortion. This paper reviews some conventional PAPR reduction techniques and their
modifications to achieve better PAPR performance. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are
discussed in detail. And comparisons between different techniques are also presented. Finally, this paper
makes a prospect forecast about the direction for further researches in the area of PAPR reduction for
OFDM signals
Designing and Performance Evaluation of 64 QAM OFDM SystemIOSR Journals
In this report, the performance analysis of 64 QAM-OFDM wireless communication
systems affected by AWGN in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Throughput is addressed. 64 QAM (64 ary
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the one of the effective digital modulation technique as it is more power
efficient for larger values of M(64). The MATLAB script based model of the 64 QAM-OFDM system with
normal AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel has been made for study error performance and
throughput under different channel conditions. This simulated model maximizes the system throughput in the
presence of narrowband interference, while guaranteeing a SER below a predefined threshold. The SER
calculation is accomplished by means of modelling the decision variable at the receiver as a particular case of
quadratic form D in complex Gaussian random variables. Lastly comparative study of SER performance of 64
QAM-OFDM simulated & 64 QAM-OFDM theoretical under AWGN channel has been given. Also
performance of the system is given in terms of throughput (received bits/ofm symbol) is given in a plot for
different SNR
In this paper, the Performance Analysis of Cascade Integrator Comb Filter in context of Filter Bank Multicarrier Transmission has been presented for Cognitive radio. A benefit of the chosen technique is that, a CIC filter can be designed with a slight adjustment in parameters of interest. The entire performance of the filters designed is analyzed and evaluated by analyzing Normalized Amplitude versus Normalized Frequency plots at typical K and N values. The roll off factor plays a significant role in performance analysis of CIC filter. The results shown are a useful advance for rf design engineers working in the domain of multirate signal processing in wireless communication. To ensure the acceptable performance of Enhanced FBMC, computational complexity, and transmission burst length need to be reduced. The effect of Stop band attenuation on the edges of Magnitude and Frequency responses has been studied under constraints such as Lp, K and M during different simulation runs.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
[1] is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier
frequencies. OFDM[1] has developed into a popular scheme
for wideband digital communication, whether wireless or
over copper wires, used in applications such as digital television
and audio broadcasting, DSL Internet access, wireless networks,
powerline networks, and 4G mobile communications. In the
Several wireless standards such as IEEE 802.11a[2] and
HiperLAN2[3].The orthogonality of the subcarriers is no longer
maintained which results in ICI (Inter carrier Interference)[4]
.ICI reduction techniques achieve a better SNR and BER in
OFDM at zero phase noise variance . This technique will use a
large number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers to avoid
phase noise. It provides high data rates with sufficient robustness
to radio channel damages. A major problem in OFDM is carrier
frequency offset error between the transmitted and received
signals. Due to this the orthogonality of the subcarriers is no
longer maintained which results in ICI (Inter carrier
Interference). In this paper, we used the ICI self-cancellation
technique and reduced the ICI and improved the BER and SNR
we are also calculate the SNR=15db and 20db at different phase
noise variance.
Performance Analsis of Clipping Technique for Papr Reduction of MB-OFDM UWB S...ijcisjournal
Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is used as efficacious procedure for
ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication applications, which divides the spectrum into various subbands,
whose bandwidth is approximately 500MHz. Major arduousness in multiband-OFDM is ,it have
very large peak to average power ratio value which causes the signal to enter into dynamic region that
consequence in the loss of orthogonal properties and results in the interference of the carrier signals which
crops the amplifier saturation and finally limits the capacity of the system. Many PAPR amortize
algorithms have reported in the survey and pre-coding is PAPR reduction which is inserted after
modulation in the OFDM system. The Existing work presents the reduction of that value by different
clipping techniques namely Classical-Clipping (CC), Heavy side-Clipping (HC), Deep-Clipping (DC) and
Smooth-Clipping (SC) and their comparison analysis is done. Every clipping method is best at its own
level .The proficiency of these strategies are evaluated in locutions of average power disparity, complete
system decadence and PAPR reduction. Finally results show the MB OFDM yields better performance to
reduce PAPR in effective way.
Performance of OFDM System under Different Fading Channels and Channel CodingjournalBEEI
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique in which larger bandwidth is divided into parallel narrow bands each of which is modulated by different subcarriers. All the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other and hence it reduces the interference among various subcarriers. OFDM technique is an efficient modulation technique used in certain wired and wireless application.In a wireless communication channel, the transmitted signal can travel from transmitter to receiver over multiple reflective paths. This results to multipath fading which causes fluctuations in amplitude, phase and angle of arrival of the received signal. For example, the signal which is transmitted from BTS (base transceiver station) may suffer multiple reflections from the buildings nearby, before reaching the mobile station. Such multipath fading channels are classified into slow fading/fast fading and frequency-selective/flat fading channels. This paper discusses the performance of OFDM system using various fading channels and channel coding. The parameter which is known as Bit error rate (BER) is calculated under different fading channels (AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician) for different digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK and QAM) and Channel coding (linear/Cyclic coding). Matlab Simulink tool is used to calculate the BER parameter.
In this work, a highly linear Cascode CMOS LNA is presented. Linearity issues in RF receiver frontend are discussed, followed by an analysis of the specifications and requirements of a LNA through consideration of multi-standard LNA. Device non-linear characteristics cause linearity problems in the RF front-end system. To solve this problem, Post linearization technique for inductively degenerated L-deg common source Cascode Low Noise Amplifier is presented, which improves linearity performance with small gain loss and current consumption as consequence.The LNA presented has 1.0GHz - 3.2GHz frequency range designed using TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process. The linearized LNA achieves an IIP3 of 5.0 dBm, with P-1dB of -14 dBm, 13.8 dB gain max , NF 2.03dB and power utilization of 19.4 mWat 1.8 volt power supply Gaurav R. Agrawal | Leena A. Yelmule "Linear CMOS LNA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19087.pdf
An Adaptive Approach to Switching Coded Modulation in OFDM System Under AWGN ...ijsrd.com
In this paper we have studied the OFDM for different Quadrature amplitude modulation technique (QAM) The scatter plot and their output signal to noise ratio, dependent bit error rate variation is analyzed for every type of modulation in OFDM. After observing the BER for each SNR in the system, switching threshold range has been prepared and now system is ready to face the Adaptive coded modulation (ACM).The results shows the switching of modulation technique.
SLM-PTS BASED PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN OFDM SYSTEMHariniChaganti1
Signals, which were initially sent in the analog domain, are being sent more and more in the digital domain these days. For better transmission, even single–carrier waves are being replaced by multi–carriers. Multi-carrier
systems like OFDM are now – a – days being implemented commonly. In the OFDM system,
orthogonally placed subcarriers are used to carry the data from the transmitter end to the receiver end. The presence of a guard band in this system deals with the problem of ISI and noise is minimized by a larger number of sub–carriers. But the large Peak– to –Average Power Ratio of these signal have some undesirable effects on the system. The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio is the ratio between the maximum power and average power of a complex passband signal. It causes many disadvantages like band-in and band-out variation, low signal to quantization noise ratio, low efficiency of power amplifier, etc. Hence, it is necessary to reduce PAPR in OFDM for its efficient use.
In this project, the main objective is to study the basics of an OFDM System and analyze and
simulate various methods such as clipping and filtering, selected mapping, Partial transmit sequence
to reduce the PAPR in the system and compare these techniques with and without PAPR reduction to
obtain an efficient technique so that this system can be used more commonly and effectively.
Hybrid approach to solve the problem of papr in ofdm signal a surveyeSAT Journals
“Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
method used to achieve the today’s need of wireless communication
3GPP Association for the use of LTE. The
higher data rate, higher bit rate, mitigated delay spread, lower multipath distortion,
OFDM system has few major issues associated with
ratio (PAPR)” associated with the signal.
interleaved OFDM, selective mapping (SLM)
windowing, clipping, filtering, tone rejection(TR), tone injection(TI), compandin
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Performance Analysis of Post Compensated Long Haul High Speed Coherent Optica...Yayah Zakaria
This paper addresses the performance analysis of OFDM transmission system based on coherent detection over high speed long haul optical links with high spectral efficiency modulation formats such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) as a mapping method prior to the OFDM multicarrier representation. Post compensation is used to compensate for
phase noise effects. Coherent detection for signal transmitted at bit rate of 40 Gbps is successfully achieved up to distance of 3200km. Performance is analyzed in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Error Vector Magnitude by varying Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and varying the length of the fiber i.e transmission distance. Transmission performance is also observed through constellation diagrams at different transmission distances and
different OSNRs.
Performance Comparison of Uncoded OFDM & Uncoded Adaptive OFDM System Over AW...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is the important approach to fourth generation of mobile communication. Adaptive modulating scheme is employed according to channel fading condition for improving the performance of OFDM. This gives improved data rate, spectral efficiency & throughput. OFDM is flexible to adapt modulation schemes on subcarriers according instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we compare Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of uncoded OFDM & uncoded adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel. Keywords - AOFDM, BER , MSE, Spectral Efficiency, Throughput
Performance Comparison of Uncoded OFDM & Uncoded Adaptive OFDM System Over AW...IOSR Journals
Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is the important approach to fourth generation of mobile
communication. Adaptive modulating scheme is employed according to channel fading condition for improving
the performance of OFDM. This gives improved data rate, spectral efficiency & throughput. OFDM is flexible
to adapt modulation schemes on subcarriers according instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper,
we compare Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of
uncoded OFDM & uncoded adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel.
Designing and Performance Evaluation of 64 QAM OFDM SystemIOSR Journals
Abstract (11Bold) : — In this report, the performance analysis of 64 QAM-OFDM wireless communication
systems affected by AWGN in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Throughput is addressed. 64 QAM (64 ary
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the one of the effective digital modulation technique as it is more power
efficient for larger values of M(64). The MATLAB script based model of the 64 QAM-OFDM system with
normal AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel has been made for study error performance and
throughput under different channel conditions. This simulated model maximizes the system throughput in the
presence of narrowband interference, while guaranteeing a SER below a predefined threshold. The SER
calculation is accomplished by means of modelling the decision variable at the receiver as a particular case of
quadratic form D in complex Gaussian random variables. Lastly comparative study of SER performance of 64
QAM-OFDM simulated & 64 QAM-OFDM theoretical under AWGN channel has been given. Also
performance of the system is given in terms of throughput (received bits/ofm symbol) is given in a plot for
different SNR. Keywords (11Bold) –64 QAM, BPSK, OFDM, PDF, SNR.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
[1] is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier
frequencies. OFDM[1] has developed into a popular scheme
for wideband digital communication, whether wireless or
over copper wires, used in applications such as digital television
and audio broadcasting, DSL Internet access, wireless networks,
powerline networks, and 4G mobile communications. In the
Several wireless standards such as IEEE 802.11a[2] and
HiperLAN2[3].The orthogonality of the subcarriers is no longer
maintained which results in ICI (Inter carrier Interference)[4]
.ICI reduction techniques achieve a better SNR and BER in
OFDM at zero phase noise variance . This technique will use a
large number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers to avoid
phase noise. It provides high data rates with sufficient robustness
to radio channel damages. A major problem in OFDM is carrier
frequency offset error between the transmitted and received
signals. Due to this the orthogonality of the subcarriers is no
longer maintained which results in ICI (Inter carrier
Interference). In this paper, we used the ICI self-cancellation
technique and reduced the ICI and improved the BER and SNR
we are also calculate the SNR=15db and 20db at different phase
noise variance.
Performance Analsis of Clipping Technique for Papr Reduction of MB-OFDM UWB S...ijcisjournal
Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is used as efficacious procedure for
ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication applications, which divides the spectrum into various subbands,
whose bandwidth is approximately 500MHz. Major arduousness in multiband-OFDM is ,it have
very large peak to average power ratio value which causes the signal to enter into dynamic region that
consequence in the loss of orthogonal properties and results in the interference of the carrier signals which
crops the amplifier saturation and finally limits the capacity of the system. Many PAPR amortize
algorithms have reported in the survey and pre-coding is PAPR reduction which is inserted after
modulation in the OFDM system. The Existing work presents the reduction of that value by different
clipping techniques namely Classical-Clipping (CC), Heavy side-Clipping (HC), Deep-Clipping (DC) and
Smooth-Clipping (SC) and their comparison analysis is done. Every clipping method is best at its own
level .The proficiency of these strategies are evaluated in locutions of average power disparity, complete
system decadence and PAPR reduction. Finally results show the MB OFDM yields better performance to
reduce PAPR in effective way.
Performance of OFDM System under Different Fading Channels and Channel CodingjournalBEEI
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique in which larger bandwidth is divided into parallel narrow bands each of which is modulated by different subcarriers. All the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other and hence it reduces the interference among various subcarriers. OFDM technique is an efficient modulation technique used in certain wired and wireless application.In a wireless communication channel, the transmitted signal can travel from transmitter to receiver over multiple reflective paths. This results to multipath fading which causes fluctuations in amplitude, phase and angle of arrival of the received signal. For example, the signal which is transmitted from BTS (base transceiver station) may suffer multiple reflections from the buildings nearby, before reaching the mobile station. Such multipath fading channels are classified into slow fading/fast fading and frequency-selective/flat fading channels. This paper discusses the performance of OFDM system using various fading channels and channel coding. The parameter which is known as Bit error rate (BER) is calculated under different fading channels (AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician) for different digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK and QAM) and Channel coding (linear/Cyclic coding). Matlab Simulink tool is used to calculate the BER parameter.
In this work, a highly linear Cascode CMOS LNA is presented. Linearity issues in RF receiver frontend are discussed, followed by an analysis of the specifications and requirements of a LNA through consideration of multi-standard LNA. Device non-linear characteristics cause linearity problems in the RF front-end system. To solve this problem, Post linearization technique for inductively degenerated L-deg common source Cascode Low Noise Amplifier is presented, which improves linearity performance with small gain loss and current consumption as consequence.The LNA presented has 1.0GHz - 3.2GHz frequency range designed using TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process. The linearized LNA achieves an IIP3 of 5.0 dBm, with P-1dB of -14 dBm, 13.8 dB gain max , NF 2.03dB and power utilization of 19.4 mWat 1.8 volt power supply Gaurav R. Agrawal | Leena A. Yelmule "Linear CMOS LNA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19087.pdf
An Adaptive Approach to Switching Coded Modulation in OFDM System Under AWGN ...ijsrd.com
In this paper we have studied the OFDM for different Quadrature amplitude modulation technique (QAM) The scatter plot and their output signal to noise ratio, dependent bit error rate variation is analyzed for every type of modulation in OFDM. After observing the BER for each SNR in the system, switching threshold range has been prepared and now system is ready to face the Adaptive coded modulation (ACM).The results shows the switching of modulation technique.
SLM-PTS BASED PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN OFDM SYSTEMHariniChaganti1
Signals, which were initially sent in the analog domain, are being sent more and more in the digital domain these days. For better transmission, even single–carrier waves are being replaced by multi–carriers. Multi-carrier
systems like OFDM are now – a – days being implemented commonly. In the OFDM system,
orthogonally placed subcarriers are used to carry the data from the transmitter end to the receiver end. The presence of a guard band in this system deals with the problem of ISI and noise is minimized by a larger number of sub–carriers. But the large Peak– to –Average Power Ratio of these signal have some undesirable effects on the system. The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio is the ratio between the maximum power and average power of a complex passband signal. It causes many disadvantages like band-in and band-out variation, low signal to quantization noise ratio, low efficiency of power amplifier, etc. Hence, it is necessary to reduce PAPR in OFDM for its efficient use.
In this project, the main objective is to study the basics of an OFDM System and analyze and
simulate various methods such as clipping and filtering, selected mapping, Partial transmit sequence
to reduce the PAPR in the system and compare these techniques with and without PAPR reduction to
obtain an efficient technique so that this system can be used more commonly and effectively.
Hybrid approach to solve the problem of papr in ofdm signal a surveyeSAT Journals
“Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
method used to achieve the today’s need of wireless communication
3GPP Association for the use of LTE. The
higher data rate, higher bit rate, mitigated delay spread, lower multipath distortion,
OFDM system has few major issues associated with
ratio (PAPR)” associated with the signal.
interleaved OFDM, selective mapping (SLM)
windowing, clipping, filtering, tone rejection(TR), tone injection(TI), compandin
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Performance Analysis of Post Compensated Long Haul High Speed Coherent Optica...Yayah Zakaria
This paper addresses the performance analysis of OFDM transmission system based on coherent detection over high speed long haul optical links with high spectral efficiency modulation formats such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) as a mapping method prior to the OFDM multicarrier representation. Post compensation is used to compensate for
phase noise effects. Coherent detection for signal transmitted at bit rate of 40 Gbps is successfully achieved up to distance of 3200km. Performance is analyzed in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Error Vector Magnitude by varying Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and varying the length of the fiber i.e transmission distance. Transmission performance is also observed through constellation diagrams at different transmission distances and
different OSNRs.
Performance Comparison of Uncoded OFDM & Uncoded Adaptive OFDM System Over AW...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is the important approach to fourth generation of mobile communication. Adaptive modulating scheme is employed according to channel fading condition for improving the performance of OFDM. This gives improved data rate, spectral efficiency & throughput. OFDM is flexible to adapt modulation schemes on subcarriers according instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we compare Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of uncoded OFDM & uncoded adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel. Keywords - AOFDM, BER , MSE, Spectral Efficiency, Throughput
Performance Comparison of Uncoded OFDM & Uncoded Adaptive OFDM System Over AW...IOSR Journals
Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is the important approach to fourth generation of mobile
communication. Adaptive modulating scheme is employed according to channel fading condition for improving
the performance of OFDM. This gives improved data rate, spectral efficiency & throughput. OFDM is flexible
to adapt modulation schemes on subcarriers according instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper,
we compare Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of
uncoded OFDM & uncoded adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel.
Designing and Performance Evaluation of 64 QAM OFDM SystemIOSR Journals
Abstract (11Bold) : — In this report, the performance analysis of 64 QAM-OFDM wireless communication
systems affected by AWGN in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Throughput is addressed. 64 QAM (64 ary
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is the one of the effective digital modulation technique as it is more power
efficient for larger values of M(64). The MATLAB script based model of the 64 QAM-OFDM system with
normal AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel has been made for study error performance and
throughput under different channel conditions. This simulated model maximizes the system throughput in the
presence of narrowband interference, while guaranteeing a SER below a predefined threshold. The SER
calculation is accomplished by means of modelling the decision variable at the receiver as a particular case of
quadratic form D in complex Gaussian random variables. Lastly comparative study of SER performance of 64
QAM-OFDM simulated & 64 QAM-OFDM theoretical under AWGN channel has been given. Also
performance of the system is given in terms of throughput (received bits/ofm symbol) is given in a plot for
different SNR. Keywords (11Bold) –64 QAM, BPSK, OFDM, PDF, SNR.
Adaptive Clipping for PAPR Reduction in OFDMIJERA Editor
A new Technique “Adaptive Clipping” is introduced to reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM system efficiently for wireless applications. In this technique, the threshold for clipping the signal is decided according to the peak size and number of peaks in the OFDM burst signal. A comparison is done between selective clipping and adaptive clipping and the results are shown in terms of Bit error rate (BER) and PAPR. Adaptive clipping offers nearly half a dB reduction in PAPR compared to selective clipping. With proposed adaptive clipping, PAPR of 3 dB is obtained with BER of 10-4 . For a particular set of signals where there are large number of peak variations, adaptive clipping is more efficient in terms of BER compared to selective clipping. The simulation of adaptive clipping is done with the MATLAB software and the BER is plotted. An IEEE 806.11 standard is used for OFDM signal Transmission.
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM systemIOSR Journals
Estimation of signal to noise ratio (SNR) of received signal and to transmit the signal effectively for
the modern communication system. The performance of existing non-data-aided (NDA) SNR estimation methods
are substantially degraded for high level modulation scheme such as M-ary amplitude and phase shift keying
(APSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).In this paper SNR estimation proposed method which uses
zero point auto-correlation of received signal per block and auto/cross- correlation of decision feedback signal
in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Proposed method can be studied into two types;
Type 1 can estimate SNR by zero point auto-correlation of decision feedback signal based on the second
moment property. Type 2 uses both zero point auto-correlation and cross-correlation based on the fourth
moment property. In block-by-block reception of OFDM system, these two SNR estimation methods can be
possible for the practical implementation due to correlation based the estimation method and they show more
stable estimation performance than the earlier SNR estimation methods.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
OFDM (Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in the optical
domain is an emerging technology for fulfilling increased bit rate demand of real time
sophisticated applications. In this work an optical OFDM system is designed using different
M-ary QAM (Quadrature amplitude Modulation) techniques by varying M to 16, 65, 256.
Performance evaluation has been carried in terms of SNR (Signal to noise ratio) and BER
(bit error rate).In present research OPTSIM and MATLAB has been used as Simulation
tools.
Comparison of Three Different Cancellation Schemes for Orthogonal Frequency D...ijtsrd
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM is an exceptional case of Frequency Division Multiplexing. The dilemma of OFDM is its sensitivity to frequency offset between the transmitted and received carrier frequencies. This frequency offset establishes Inter Carrier Interference ICI Cancellation in the OFDM symbol. ICI reduction methods have been had by OFDM. This research considers three ICI self cancellation SC , maximum likelihood ML estimation, and extended Kalman filter EKF method. These three methods are compared in terms of bit error rate performance, bandwidth efficiency, and computational complexity. For high values of the frequency offset and for higher order modulation schemes, the SC method does not as well as the ML and EKF methods. Simulation results using MATLAB software. Ma Khin Saw | Aye Aye Khine ""Comparison of Three Different Cancellation Schemes for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25182.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25182/comparison-of-three-different-cancellation-schemes-for-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-ofdm-system/ma-khin-saw
Performance Analysis of Post Compensated Long Haul High Speed Coherent Optica...IJECEIAES
This paper addresses the performance analysis of OFDM transmission system based on coherent detection over high speed long haul optical links with high spectral efficiency modulation formats such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) as a mapping method prior to the OFDM multicarrier representation. Post compensation is used to compensate for phase noise effects. Coherent detection for signal transmitted at bit rate of 40 Gbps is successfully achieved up to distance of 3200km. Performance is analyzed in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Error Vector Magnitude by varying Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and varying the length of the fiber i.e transmission distance. Transmission performance is also observed through constellation diagrams at different transmission distances and different OSNRs.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless
application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum
utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is
developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing
of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference.
In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM
and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER
curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract: The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference. In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB. Keywords - CC, CP, CR, OFDMA, PHY Layer, WRAN
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract: The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless
application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum
utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is
developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing
of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference.
In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM
and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER
curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB.
Keywords - CC, CP, CR, OFDMA, PHY Layer, WRAN
BER Performance of OFDM-QAM over AWGN and RICAIN Channels Using Error Correct...IJERA Editor
In this paper, the performance of OFDM - QAM system by using error correcting codes (Convolutional, Reed Solomon and Interleaving) schemes that are used to encode the data stream in wireless communications using AWGN and RICIAN channels has been reported here. OFDM is presented for wireless communications we curing basic OFDM and affined modulations, as well as techniques to improve the performance of OFDM for wireless communications. Various simulations are performed to detect the best BER performance of each of the QAM system; OFDM-QAM and OFDM-QAM with Error Correction and to use the best outcomes to model the OFDM-QAM, Their effect of improving the total BER can be noticed due to the benefits of OFDM-QAM with correcting codes.
Producing a defect-free casting for a critical application is a challenging job mainly due to two factors.
Primarily due to trial and error approach towards the design of riser, runner, gates, sprue, mold cavity, core and
chapstics. The other factor is not being able to maintain a good quality of the melt. Defects are the results of a merger of
several causes. In this study, the authors have chosen to use a FEM based commercial software to design riser and
employ chills to eliminate or minimize the shrinkage defects. The use of chills promoted directional solidification such
that the shrinkage cavities moved along the solidification front and away from casting into the riser. Study is made on
use of blind riser, open riser and their influence on shrinkage porosity
Eco Friendly Extraction and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cissus Quadra...EditorIJAERD
Cissus quadrangualaris plant yield fibers and all the parts of this plant can be utilized in many applications. In
recent days, textile industries are widely using plant fibers for numerous applications acquired from lots of resources. The
advantage of natural fibers is their continuous supply, easy and safe handling, and biodegradable nature. The usage of
enzymes in the textile industry consents the development of eco-friendly technologies in fiber processing and tactics to
improve the final product quality. In the present work, natural cellulosic fibers were extracted from Cissus quadrangualaris
plant using an eco-friendly method (amylase enzyme). The physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of Cissus
quadrangualaris fibers were reported in this paper. Further, the properties of CQSF ensured that it can play an imperative
role in the textile manufacturing industries
The sarcasm detection with the method of logistic regressionEditorIJAERD
The prediction analysis is approach which may predict future possibilities. This research work is based on the
sarcasm detection from the text data. In the previous time SVM classification is applied for the sarcasm detection. The SVM
classifier classifies data based on the hyper plane which give low accuracy. To improve accuracy for sarcasm detection
logistic regression is applied during this work. The existing and proposed techniques are implemented in python and results
are analysed in terms of accuracy, execution time. The proposed approach has high accuracy and low execution time as
compared to SVM classifier for sarcasm detection.
Experimental study on the use of locally produced ester base fluids at the dr...EditorIJAERD
Drilling fluids play an important role in the successful drilling applications of oil and gas wells. This role of
drilling fluid in oil exploration and exploitation activities is similar to the blood circulation in the human body according to
the some researches. The most commonly used drilling fluids are water based fluids in the drilling applications. In this study,
to investigate the performance of the ester-based drilling fluid in application of shale occurrence drilling was aimed. This
study therefore was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of shale occurrence on the rheological
properties of ester-based drilling fluid. The fluids used in this study were XB1000 refined from waste cooking oil as esterbased fluid and diesel oil refined from petroleum as oil-based fluid. Within this scope, experimental studies were conducted
to obtain some properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength. The results showed that plastic viscosity
increased as solid percentage increased in both samples and insignificant shale swelling between the two oil mud fluids
shows same tolerance level. Thus, the synthetic-based drilling fluids can be used as a suitable alternative to the oil-based
drilling fluids to curb environmental pollution.
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
Soil health analysis for crop suggestions using machine learningEditorIJAERD
Indian economy is depending on agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income for most of the
population. So farmers are always curious about yield prediction. Many factors are responsible like soil, weather, rain,
fertilizers and pesticides to increase yield production. Agriculture being a soil-based industry, an increase in yield can
only be attained by ensuring that the soil provides a balanced and an adequate supply of nutrients. Soil testing is pivotal
in understanding the deficiencies in soil and avoiding nutrient imbalance. This survey and study focuses on the different
soil types, crop types and soil test reports. Soils are complex mixtures of air, water, minerals, organic matter, and
countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things. We can say soil is an important ingredient of
agriculture. There are several types of soils and each type of soil can have different kinds of features and different kinds
of crops grow on different types of soils. We must know which type of crop is go better in our soil. We can apply machine
learning techniques to classify soil and to predict the crop suitable.
Ik analysis for the hip simulator using the open sim simulatorEditorIJAERD
The model of the project to create a detailed assembly of muscles spotting the hip joint. Additional muscles
and combinations were added to the baseline lower extremity assemblies currently available in OpenSim. The geometry
of the muscles was adjusted to pair moment arms reported here. The slack moment and the isometric were added to the
arithmetic value of the tanquntial assembly of joints
Anomaly detection is usually associate degree identification of associate degree odd or abnormal
information typically even known as as an outlier from a offer pattern of information. It involves machine learning
technique to be told the info and verify the outliers supported a likelihood condition. Machine learning, a branch
of AI plays a significant role in analyzing the info and identifies the outliers with a decent likelihood. The target of this
paper is to work out the outlier supported anomaly detection techniques and describe the quality standards of the actual
trade. We have a tendency to describe associate degree approach to analyzing anomalies in trade information
supported the identification of cluster outliers.
Experimental investigation of the effect of cold joint on strength and stiffn...EditorIJAERD
in this paper the effect of cold joint has been discussed for two RC Beam-Column Connections. Specimen 1
was poured monolithically whereas, construction joint in specimen 2 at bottom and top column was provided according
to section 3.2.2.2, ACI 224.3R-95. Both specimens were tested through quasi static cyclic loading under displacement
controlled condition, and the effect of cold joint was investigated. It was concluded that due to construction joint in
connections the maximum load carrying capacity decreases up to 39%. In addition, the strength degradation was more in
specimen having construction joint in column. Similarly the stiffness degradation decreases up to 50% due construction
joint. It was also observed that specimen having construction joint shows overall strength lost at 1.5% while specimen
having no construction joint was maintain their strength up to 3% drift.
Investigating willingness to pay for congestion pricing in peshawar universit...EditorIJAERD
Congested road is a perfect example of tragedy of the commons as there is no restriction for drivers not to
exploit it. Car users are independent in their traveling decisions but their decisions have negative consequences for
others for which they do not pay rather the non-users pay for them in the form of hard cash, inconvenience and lack of
safety. This unwanted but widely practiced phenomena has over-shadowed the livable environment even in universities
all across Pakistan particularly in Peshawar university campus (case study) where the environment is exacerbated by
minimum personalized vehicle holders for the maximum non-car commuters resulting from the free vehicular entrance
and biased provision of infrastructure. This leads to huge social divide, inequality and gender disparity. In addition to
finding appropriate rent for provision of new equitable, environment and gender friendly modes of transport like rental
bikes and golf carts, Willingness to pay for congestion pricing as proposed solution is investigated through online webbased questionnaire survey from 580 respondents and statistical analysis is used for selecting most feasible mode(s) of
alternate in-campus transportation. Results showed that 67.6% respondents were WTP for congestion charging and
55.3% selected golf carts as their preferred mode in campus followed by rental bike with 27.6%. Appropriate rent chosen
for golf cart was PKR 20 and less than PKR 20 for rental bikes by more than half of the respondents. Congestion pricing
was perceived as effective solution and proposed modes were opted as the preferred modes for traveling in campus.
Capacity evaluation of masonry infill strengthened with wire containment meshEditorIJAERD
Masonry bricks construction is vulnerable to seismic forces and has been used around the world. This
research is carried out on infill masonry wall constructed from half scaled bricks to stabilize the ductility and
deformation of infill wall to reduce the cost and casualties. Three panel are designed for the direct in-plane loading and
out-of-plane loading, with retrofitting technique using steel wire mesh and last panel is without steel wire mesh for
simple prism test is perform on these three panel. The result shows the panel is constructed with retrofitting technique of
in-plane and out-of-plane are more durable and stabilized as to simple masonry bricks wall construction
Design intervention to reduce muscular strength for using stone polishing mac...EditorIJAERD
Stone polishing work is an integral part of the construction sector. Hand-held polishing machine often results
in excessive hand-arm vibration (HAV) and manual effort. To overcome these problems, a new design was
conceptualised, developed, and validated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a new handle on the transmissibility of
HAV and muscle activities during polishing activity. 13 experienced participants involved in polishing activities were
selected in this interventional field experiment. Tool handles (existing and modified) were taken as the independent
variables, while electromyography and HAV values were considered as dependent variables. The vibration level was
measured at the handle and wrist for both existing and modified stone polishing machine. The result showed that the
muscle strength for operating the modified stone polishing machine was less than the existing stone polishing machine
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
Modification of airflow around a FSAE Race car using sidepods to increase the...EditorIJAERD
Aerodynamics pertaining to vehicles focuses on improving the drive-ability of the vehicle while also reducing
losses due to air drag. This paper focuses on maximizing the cornering performance of the formula student race car with
slight modifications to the airflow around the vehicle and meagre addition of weight. The undertray produces downloads
by altering the velocity of air flowing underneath it. The sidepods act to reduce flow velocity above the undertray, thus
increasing the pressure above it. This leads to an increased pressure difference over the surface of the undertray which
translates to increase in downforce. The car is able to have a 10% decrease in lap times on a 500m racetrack.
Gear shifting mechanism was designed & applied to make the shifting process faster and less destructible for
the driver. The new device must be reliable with small dimensions and maintenance cost. Main aim of this project is to
improve gear shifting process quickly by using devices such as a manual four speed gear box, single pneumatic double
acting cylinders, single pneumatic two position five ways directional control valves, an electrical motor, a belt, two
pulleys, push button, compressor. According to gear shifting method, the driver can do select transmission gear ratio
without moving his/her hands from the steering wheel by putting the gear shifting push buttons on the steering wheel
An Assessment of Phase Change Materials for Domestic ApplicatonsEditorIJAERD
Thermal Energy storage has been the significant area of research over the last many decades. Various methods
and materials are developed for storing heat energy. Yet a main obstacle to modern methods is its lack of thermal mass.
Phase change materials are one of the optimized alternate to various energy storing methods and materials. They have
high energy storage capacity. In any case, despite the fact that the data is quantitatively tremendous, it is moreover
spread generally in the writing, and hard to discover. This report contrasts on the properties of phase change materials
and also reveals their significant applications. Furthermore, the discussion includes main benefits and drawbacks of
phase change materials over the different renewable energy sources. It also carries various types of PCMs and
performance analysis of PCMs for selecting the best required PCM for the purpose of heating and cooling of building.
The main objective of our project is to provide an optimum solution PMT. To stop Pass duplication fraud
and save govern- ment money. It helps to avoid unnecessary traditional pass process and convert the process into the
digital pass system. It will Organize and create a Central Data system using Aadhar card and increase security in the
Pass System. It will also help to avoid the line System and the student won't need to Login again and again into the
system.
It will be completely on-time registration process then data will store into the system. Student just need to scan Aadhar
card QR Code and put pass Date details next time of visit. This system was intended to develop an application for PMT
to perform function- tonalities like accessing the basic information of a student from educational institutions for
authentication and provide Bus pass
Remediation of heavy metals lead, cobalt and copper from industrail wastewate...EditorIJAERD
To fulfil human beings requirement number of industries increases day by day which play important role in
development of country but also causes environment pollution. Effluent of many industries contain heavy metals and
other contaminants. Industrial effluent usually used for agriculture purposes without treatment. Plants take these heavy
metals from industrial water and accumulate it in roots and Arial parts which become the part of animal and human
body through food chain causes various diseases. In this research work plants were grown using wastewater of industrial
effluents. Three sample of wastewater were made of various concentration level of lead, copper and cobalt. Typha
latifoliate was grown in controlled environment. Three sample of wastewater were used. Soil used in pots was of known
concentration of heavy metals. Using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to find concentration of contaminants in
soil before and after plantation and atomic absorption spectrometry was used to find concentration of heavy metals in
industrial effluent. Wastewater of various concentration level was obtained by adding domestic water having no heavy
metals. Extraction percentage performed by plants in various lawn was found by analysis of soil before and after the
maturity of plants. soil which was irrigated by fully contaminated wastewater was remediated by 10%. Soil in which
plants were irrigated by diluted wastewater was remediated by 15 and 21% respectively for copper and cobalt. Plants
matured in seventy-five days in winter season.
Heart attack and alcohol detection sensor using internet of thingsEditorIJAERD
—In this system we tend to implement a heart-beat observation and heart failure detection system victimization
using the Internet of things. Recently we have got enlarged range of heart diseases as well as enlarged risk of heart
attacks. The detector is then interfaced to a microcontroller that enables checking pulse rate readings and transmittal
them over web. The user might set the high likewise as low levels of heart beat limit. Once setting these limits, the system
starts observation as shortly as patient heart beat goes on top of an explicit limit, the system sends response to the
controller that then transmits this over the net and alerts the doctors likewise as involved. This technique is employed to
watch heartbeat rate of the motive force perpetually and prevents from the accidents by dominant through IOT. IOT
conveys the emergency message to the Owner, auto and therefore the Police. Arduino processor ATmega328 is ready to
handle a lot of functions than standard microcontrollers. This technique is intended for the protection of individuals
sitting within the vehicle.
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Performance improvement of ofdm
1. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research
Development
Volume 6, Issue 12, December -2019
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 74
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.71 e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470
p-ISSN (P): 2348-6406
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF OFDM
1
Vishakhal Kulkarni, 2
Vitthal Bhosale, 3
Dr. R.M. Autee
1,2,3
Electronics And Telecommunication Department, Deogiri Institute Of Engineering And Management Studies
Abstract - The several assets for high-speed data transmission over wireless uses the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) as it is a multicarrier transmission scheme. A large number of narrow bandwidth carriers is
therefore adopted by the OFDM. Individually for an OFDM, each subcarrier is attenuated under the frequency-selective
and fast fading channel, therefore the resulting gain is high attenuation which leads to poor performance of all OFDM
subcarriers if the same fixed transmission scheme are used. Thus the main goal of the indicated paper is to grab an
understanding of the inequality between fixed & adaptive modulations schemes as the introduction of the adaptive
modulation. The need for the above system is to make use of the speaker's voice to check their character and control
approach to administrations, for example, voice dialing data administrations, voice send, and security control for secret
data. The performance of paperwork basically states that implementation of adaptive modulation is done into blocks of
adjacent subcarriers which is the result of dividing whole subcarriers. Therefore the equivalent modulation scheme which
is the calculation of average instantaneous signal to noise (SNR) is exercised to entire subcarriers of the equal block. The
OFDM system average bit error rate (BER) performance is observed here under fixed modulation and adaptive
modulation, and these modulation techniques are recorded by accepting the different inverse fast Fourier transforms
(IFFT) size and uncomplicated adaptive Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) strategy. The simulation in MATLAB
shows the results as the performance of fixed modulation is inferior to that of the BER performance of OFDM system
using adaptive modulation. The prospective adaptive modulation and coding Technique uses OFDM to manage the fixed
BER under changing the channel.
Keywords - BCH coding, Convolution coding, Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal To Noise Ratio (SNR), Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Adaptive Modulation.
I. INTRODUCTION
A new element to the upcoming wireless communications whose intense ambition is to grant the universal, personal and
multimedia communication without the involvement of the mobility or location with high data rates has opened due to the
explosion in wireless technology during the prior few years. One of the auspicious bidders for the fringe of ISI is none
other than the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The OFDM signal bandwidth is prorated into
narrowband channels. To eradicate the consequences of delay spread each subchannel is customarily selected. To
accelerate the endorsement of OFDM apparatus merchants are coming together as part of a 4G set of standards. The
transmission bandwidth for each carrier being modulated is shared by a low rate data stream for the many carriers in the
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM which is multicarrier transmission technique. Dunlop and Pons
proposed the switching scheme at the receiver level which can be decided by the BER. The BER evaluation is convoluted
over short periods as the variable rate would be restrained.
The advancement of spectral efficiency is contributed by adaptive modulation due to the equity amid BER and signal to
noise ratio (SNR). In a slow varying fading channel, the effective use of adaptive modulation is possible as the noise
based on SNR estimation. As per the channel convenient modulation and coding rate, the fundamental purpose of this
project which is to measure the channel in the OFDM system is adapted. To demonstrate the performance of OFDM
signal transmitted with and without adaptive modulation the computer facsimile is executed using MATLAB, and hence
the typical OFDM signal transmission without adaptive modulation and coding rate is inferior to that of the signal with
adaptive modulation and coding rate and thus these signals are used to manage the bit error rate and spectrum efficiency.
II. OBJECTIVE
By applying the adaptive modulation & coding techniques the numerous aspirations accomplished, therefore some of
them are listed below
Elimination of the Bit Error rate in an OFDM system.
Protection against co-channel interference and impulsive parasitic noise is done
By allowing overlap adequate benefit of the spectrum is done.
The suitable channel coding and interleaving is used to the regain the symbols lost due to frequency selectivity of the
channel.
2. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 75
III. ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
Convolutional Coding with Rician PSK
Convolutional Coding with Rician QAM
Convolution Adaptive Coding with Rician Channels
Convolutional Coding Result
BCH Coding with Rician PSK
BCH Coding with Rician QAM
BCH Adaptive Coding with Rician Channels
BCH Coding Result
III. SYSTEM DEVELOPEMENT
The sub-band adaptive transmission program is employed in this system, to lower the intricacy. At the receiver, the
measurement of the simulated instantaneous SNR of the subcarrier is done. The aspect of the channel for the frequency
selective channels differ across the distinct subcarrier. The subcarrier for any received signal is expressed with the
following expression as(1),
RN = HNXN + WN (1)
Where Xn represent transmitted symbol, Hn is the channel coefficient at any subcarrier and Wn represent the Gaussian
noise sample. Therefore the instantaneous SNR can be calculated by using
SNHn = Hn2
/ No (2)
Figure 1 OFDM System
The adaptation algorithm controls the use of the lowest quality subcarrier in each sub-band for the reactionary
access in threshold based adaptation. Therefore the mode is selected by using the lowest value of SNR. Thus by accepting
this method, the BER target is higher than that of the overall BER in one sub band. The throughput of the system will be
higher if the overall BER can be Optimize adaptive coding technique to improve the performance of OFDM system closer
to that of the target BER by selecting a more relevant modulation mode or code rate.
Therefore a better adaptation algorithm is used for each sub-band to provide a better tradeoff between throughput and
overall BER by selecting a more convenient scheme. The average value of the SNR of the subcarriers in the sub-band is
used as the substitute to that of the lowest SNR in each sub band [1].
3. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 76
Table 1 below describes the Quantitative analysis of different modulation techniques with different code rate.
Table 1: BER Performance and Spectral Efficiency for Different Modulation and Coding Rate
IV. OFDM SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
The figure below illustrates the block diagram for the adaptive OFDM system. The channel estimation and mode
selection are done at the receiver and the feedback channel is used to send information to the transmitter. Frame by frame
modification is used by the system. The mode selector block selects the best mode for the next transmission frame based
on the SNR calculated and the channel estimator is used to estimate the instantaneous SNR of the received signal. The
different modulation modes are achieved by using an adaptive modulator block which consists of different modulators
which at the transmitter. The swapping between the modulators is done by relying on the instantaneous SNR. The
description of two categories of adaptive modulation schemes based on MQAM and MPSK scheme is illustrated in the
below diagram. The selection of relevant modulation mode for transmission in each sub band is the main objective of
adaptive modulation, and good compensation is achieved between spectral efficiency and overall BER based on the local
SNR [2].
Figure 2 Block Diagram OFDM System
V. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
A. Convolutional Coding Result
Figure 3 uses adaptive modulation to describe the conclusion that the signals PSK and QAM are adaptive. The Adaptive
merger of Adaptive PSK and QAM is shown in figure 3. The simulation for BER performance of M-ary PSK, 16-QAM,
64-QAM, and adaptive modulation scheme is demonstrated using the OFDM system over AWGN channel is shown in
figure
Modulation And Coding
Rate
BER Performance Spectral Efficiency
QPSK with 3/4 Low Error Worst
16 QAM with 2/3
Good for higher SNR worst for
lower SNR
Medium
64 QAM with 1/2 Worst for lower SNR Good
Adaptive Will be maintained as specified Good
4. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 77
Figure 3 Adaptive PSK & QAM over AWGN Channel with Convolutional coding.
B. Result for BCH Coding
Figure 4 display the outcome for Adaptive PSK & QAM accomplished by AWGN Channel with BCH Coding, and also
indicates an Adaptive solution for Adaptive PSK and QAM.
Figure 4 Adaptive PSK & QAM over AWGN Channel with BCH Coding.
VI. CONCLUSION
The detailed knowledge of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an ongoing key issue in the
field of communications. The conduct method of the codes is discussed. Before advancing the performance of our
uncoded system over Rician channel by enforcing the convolutional code and BCH code the OFDM system model
examination is done. From the research of the system, we can say that the enhancement in the performance of uncoded
OFDM system is achieved. In this work, the exploration of achievement for OFDM adaptive transmission scheme is
shown. The improvement of exploiting adaptive transmission scheme is illustrated through analyzing their performance
with the fixed transmission system. The up gradation of the throughput performance uses a superior adaptation algorithm.
The average value of the instantaneous SNR of the subcarriers uses this algorithm as the switching parameter for the sub-
band. Therefore the outcome displayed is a revised throughput performance with considerable BER performance.
REFERENCE
[1] Dr. Serkout N. Abdullah, Zainab Mageed Abid, Volume 2, February 2012 Journal of Engineering, “Adaptive Coded
Modulation for OFDM System”.
[2] J. Faezah and K. Sabira, International journal of communication networks and information security Vol. 1, “Adaptive
Modulation for OFDM Systems”, No. 2, August 2009.
[3] Rajeshree Raut, Priti Subramanium & Kavita Bramahankar, International Conference on Computer Science and
Information Technology (CSIT-2012), “Adaptive Coding Techniques to Improve BER in OFDM System”, May 19th,
2012, Bangalore, ISBN: 978-93-81693-28-5 298.
5. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 6, Issue12, December-2019, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
@IJAERD-2019, All rights Reserved 78
[4] T.S.Harivikram, Dr. R.Harikumar, Dr. C.Ganesh Babu, P.Murugamanickam, International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2,
February 2013), “Adaptive Modulation and Coding Rate for OFDM Systems”.
[5] Srabani Mohapatra, Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela-769
008, Orissa, India 2009, “A new approach for performance improvement of OFDM system using pulse shaping”.
[6] Abebe Tsegaye, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, September
2012, Addis Ababa University, "Adaptive Modulation-based OFDM System in Doubly Selective Channel".
[7] Eric Phillip LAWREY, has the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering School of
Engineering James Cook University in December 2001, “Adaptive Techniques for Multiuser OFDM”.