Induction Motor are named as workhouse of Industries. Three phase induction motors are widely used in Industrial drives because of their ruggedness, reliability and simplicity in construction. The Induction Motor is fed by a cascaded H-Bridge 7 Level MLI and is controlled by Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique. In the current paper, Multi Carrier PWM techniques like PD, POD and APOD are used for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVPWM). Dynamic performance of the Induction Motor is analyzed for various carrier based PWM methods. Mathematical model of Pump Load is designed and the performance of the Induction Motor Drive with Pump Load is analyzed using simulation results obtained.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Novel Three Phase Multilevel Inverter with Single DC Link for Induction Mot...IJECEIAES
1) The document presents two configurations of a novel three-phase eleven-level multilevel inverter with a reduced number of switches for induction motor drive applications.
2) Configuration 1 uses separate DC sources for each phase, requiring 24 switches total. Configuration 2 uses a single common DC source for all three phases, also requiring 24 switches.
3) Both configurations are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Results show the inverter produces a three-phase voltage of 600V peak-to-peak and supplies 50A to an induction motor, driving it at 1400rpm with 10N-m of torque.
Analysis and simulation of multilevel inverter using multi carrier based pwmIAEME Publication
This document analyzes and simulates a multilevel inverter using multi-carrier based PWM control techniques. It describes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with separate DC sources for each H-bridge. It discusses phase-shifted and level-shifted carrier based PWM methods and modulation techniques like IPD, POD, and APOD. MATLAB Simulink models are used to simulate 5-level and 7-level inverters using phase-shifted and level-shifted PWM. Total harmonic distortion results show that POD PWM provides the lowest distortion.
A comparative study of cascaded h bridge and reversing voltage multilevel inv...IAEME Publication
This document compares a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to a proposed reversing voltage multilevel inverter topology. The cascaded H-bridge requires more components as the number of levels increases, making it less reliable. The proposed reversing voltage topology separates output voltage generation into level generation and polarity generation parts, requiring fewer switches. Specifically, a 7-level example of each topology is compared in terms of total harmonic distortion and number of components. The proposed topology is shown to require fewer components and produce lower THD than the cascaded H-bridge topology.
This paper presents the analysis study between multilevel inverters that are often classified into multilevel voltage source and multilevel current source inverters. For multilevel voltage source inverter (MVSI), the specific topology studied for this work is the Cascaded H-Bridge MVSI. Whereas, the multilevel current source inverter (MCSI) is based on Paralleled Inductor Configuration MCSI. For this study, the analysis between these converters are done with respect to the number of components, the advantages and disadvantages of each converters during performing inverter operation. In term of output voltage and current quality, the percentage of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) are measured and compared for both topologies. MATLAB/Simulink software has been used in this research to design and simulate in order to study the performances of both inverters.
Structure of 15-Level Sub-Module Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for Speed Control...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper deals with the implementation of a single phase 15-level Sub- Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter (SMCHBI) for variable speed industrial drive applications. It consists of sub-multilevel modules and H- bridge inverter configuration. Sub-multilevel switches synthesize stepped DC link voltage and current from the DC sources. H-bridge inverter switches renovate stepped DC link voltage and current into sinusoidal waveform. Compared with conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI), the proposed system employs the reduced number of power switches, DC sources and gate driver requirements. The proposed system not only reduces the overall system cost but also reduces the voltage stress across the inverter switches. The proposed system does not required additional resonant soft switching circuits for Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of inverter. In the proposed method, variable frequency method is adopted for the speed control of industrial induction motor drives. A prototype model of 15-level SMCHB is developed and the performance of the systems is validated experimentally.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Novel Three Phase Multilevel Inverter with Single DC Link for Induction Mot...IJECEIAES
1) The document presents two configurations of a novel three-phase eleven-level multilevel inverter with a reduced number of switches for induction motor drive applications.
2) Configuration 1 uses separate DC sources for each phase, requiring 24 switches total. Configuration 2 uses a single common DC source for all three phases, also requiring 24 switches.
3) Both configurations are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Results show the inverter produces a three-phase voltage of 600V peak-to-peak and supplies 50A to an induction motor, driving it at 1400rpm with 10N-m of torque.
Analysis and simulation of multilevel inverter using multi carrier based pwmIAEME Publication
This document analyzes and simulates a multilevel inverter using multi-carrier based PWM control techniques. It describes a cascaded multilevel inverter topology with separate DC sources for each H-bridge. It discusses phase-shifted and level-shifted carrier based PWM methods and modulation techniques like IPD, POD, and APOD. MATLAB Simulink models are used to simulate 5-level and 7-level inverters using phase-shifted and level-shifted PWM. Total harmonic distortion results show that POD PWM provides the lowest distortion.
A comparative study of cascaded h bridge and reversing voltage multilevel inv...IAEME Publication
This document compares a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology to a proposed reversing voltage multilevel inverter topology. The cascaded H-bridge requires more components as the number of levels increases, making it less reliable. The proposed reversing voltage topology separates output voltage generation into level generation and polarity generation parts, requiring fewer switches. Specifically, a 7-level example of each topology is compared in terms of total harmonic distortion and number of components. The proposed topology is shown to require fewer components and produce lower THD than the cascaded H-bridge topology.
This paper presents the analysis study between multilevel inverters that are often classified into multilevel voltage source and multilevel current source inverters. For multilevel voltage source inverter (MVSI), the specific topology studied for this work is the Cascaded H-Bridge MVSI. Whereas, the multilevel current source inverter (MCSI) is based on Paralleled Inductor Configuration MCSI. For this study, the analysis between these converters are done with respect to the number of components, the advantages and disadvantages of each converters during performing inverter operation. In term of output voltage and current quality, the percentage of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) are measured and compared for both topologies. MATLAB/Simulink software has been used in this research to design and simulate in order to study the performances of both inverters.
Structure of 15-Level Sub-Module Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for Speed Control...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper deals with the implementation of a single phase 15-level Sub- Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter (SMCHBI) for variable speed industrial drive applications. It consists of sub-multilevel modules and H- bridge inverter configuration. Sub-multilevel switches synthesize stepped DC link voltage and current from the DC sources. H-bridge inverter switches renovate stepped DC link voltage and current into sinusoidal waveform. Compared with conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI), the proposed system employs the reduced number of power switches, DC sources and gate driver requirements. The proposed system not only reduces the overall system cost but also reduces the voltage stress across the inverter switches. The proposed system does not required additional resonant soft switching circuits for Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of inverter. In the proposed method, variable frequency method is adopted for the speed control of industrial induction motor drives. A prototype model of 15-level SMCHB is developed and the performance of the systems is validated experimentally.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
Advanced five level five phase cascaded multilevel inverter with svpwm algoritIAEME Publication
The document describes an advanced five-level five-phase cascaded multilevel inverter with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control. It discusses the working principles and operation of multilevel inverters, including their advantages over conventional two-level inverters such as producing higher quality waveforms with lower harmonic distortion. Three main multilevel inverter topologies are described: diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. The document then focuses on the proposed five-level five-phase cascaded full-bridge inverter circuit and presents simulation results of its output voltages.
The document discusses the overhead traction system (OETS) of the Hyderabad Metro Rail project. It provides background on railway electrification and describes the key components of OETS, including equipment like interrupters, isolators, transformers and jumpers. It also discusses the design of OETS covering aspects like the pegging plan, layout plan, cross section drawings and structural erection drawings. The power system installation including receiving and traction substations is outlined. Safety measures for the OETS are also mentioned.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes three direct torque control (DTC) strategies for brushless DC motors fed by a four-switch inverter (B4-inverter) to reduce torque ripple. It first reviews the operation of BLDC motors with six-switch (B6-inverter) and B4-inverters, including two-phase and three-phase conduction modes. It then describes three DTC strategies: DTC-1 adapted from B6-inverter control, DTC-2 with a vector selection table to independently control phase torques, and proposed DTC-3 to eliminate torque dips of DTC-2 during sector transitions. Experimental results show DTC-
Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Control of Multilevel Inverter f...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a comparative analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive fed with conventional two-level, three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI). The performance of the drive system is successfully evaluated using Fuzzy Logic (FL) based speed controller. The control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The speed and torque characteristic of conventional two-level inverter is compared with the three and five-level multilevel inverter (MLI) for various operating conditions. The three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverters are simulated using IGBT’s and the mathematical model of BLDC motor has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy based speed controller eliminate torque ripples and provides fast speed response. The developed Fuzzy Logic model has the ability to learn instantaneously and adapt its own controller parameters based on disturbances with minimum steady state error, overshoot and rise time of the output voltage.
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET) publishes papers on electrical engineering and technology. This paper discusses the design of a single phase Z-source inverter for controlling the speed of an induction motor and powering various loads. A LPC2148 ARM-7 microcontroller generates pulse width modulated signals to control the inverter switches and regulate motor speed based on feedback. Experimental results show the Z-source inverter can efficiently drive different loads including an induction motor.
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Fed from a Photovoltaic Multil...IJERA Editor
This paper presents Direct Torque Control (DTC) using Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for an induction motor drive fed from a photovoltaic multilevel inverter (PV-MLI). The system consists of two main parts PV DC power supply (PVDC) and MLI. The PVDC is used to generate DC isolated sources with certain ratios suitable for the adopted MLI. Beside the hardware system, the control system which uses the torque and speed estimation to control the load angle and to obtain the appropriate flux vector trajectory from which the voltage vector is directly derived based on direct torque control methods. The voltage vector is then generated by a hybrid multilevel inverter by employing space vector modulation (SVM). The inverter high quality output voltage which leads to a high quality IM performances. Besides, the MLI switching losses is very low due to most of the power cell switches are operating at nearly fundamental frequency. Some selected simulation results are presented for system validation.
Improved Indirect Rotor Flux Oriented Control of PWM inverter fed Induction M...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an improved indirect rotor flux oriented control method for PWM inverter-fed induction motor drives. The paper presents the modeling of an induction motor in the rotor flux reference frame and a method for estimating rotor flux using current models. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed current source inverter drive system under different operating conditions, showing improved performance over traditional voltage source inverter drives. The proposed control method aims to simplify design while reducing costs compared to other drive topologies.
Simulation and dSPACE Based Implementation of Various PWM Strategies for a Ne...IJPEDS-IAES
Depending on the number of levels in output voltage, inverters can be
divided into two categories: two level inverter and Multi Level Inverters
(MLIs). An inverter topology for high voltage and high power applications
that seems to be gaining interest is the MLI. In high power and high voltage
applications, the two level inverters have some limitations in operating at
high frequency mainly due to switching losses and constraints of device
rating.In this paper, a three phase H + type FCMLI (Flying Capacitor MLI)
using sinusoidal reference, third harmonic injection reference, 60 degree
reference and stepped wave reference are initially developed using
SIMULINK and then implemented in real time environment using dSPACE.
In H-type FCMLI with R-load it is inferred that bipolar COPWM-C
provides output with relatively low distortion for 60 degree reference
and bipolar COPWM-C strategy is found to perform better since it
provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage for THI
reference. The five level output voltages of the chosen MLIs obtained using
the MATLAB and dSPACE based PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
strategies and the corresponding %THD (Total Harmonic Distortion), VRMS
(fundamental), CF (Crest Factor) and FF (Form Factor) are presented and
analyzed.
A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storag...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
A Comparison Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar Switching modulated Cascade H-B...IJERA Editor
This paper discusses controlling of cascaded H-bridge multi inverter with sinusoidal modulation based PWM methods. Multi-level inverters are used to reduce the THD in the output wave form without reduction in power output of inverter. Increase in voltage level in the output voltage of an inverter increases numbers of components to be used in inverter configuration. This in turn increases the switching loss. But results in good harmonic distortion and provide better quality fundamental wave. Carrier based PWM schemes are used for control of switching operation of multi-level inverters. Many kinds of PWM schemes are available to control inverter switches. In this paper uniploar carrier based PWM, bipolar carrier based PWM schemes are considered for generation of carrier signals. The carrier signals thus generated are compared with sinusoidal and third harmonic based sinusoidal modulating signals for production of switching Pulses. Switching schemes are designed for a 3 Phase 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 Level inverters. The proposed switching schemes are applied to Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level inverters. The circuit is simulated with MATLAB Simulink environment for verification of total harmonic distortion.
IRJET- Designing and Simulation of Multilevel STATCOM on Cascaded TopologyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a cascaded multilevel STATCOM topology. It first discusses the need for reactive power compensation and control of power systems. It then describes the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology used for the STATCOM, noting its advantages over other multilevel inverter types. The document outlines the methodology, discussing control of the STATCOM using pulse width modulation techniques. It also reviews prior implementations of STATCOMs and issues with earlier converter configurations.
Performance Evaluation of Nine Level Modified CHB Multilevel Inverter for Var...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
6.[36 45]seven level modified cascaded inverter for induction motor drive app...Alexander Decker
1) The document presents a modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology for induction motor drive applications that reduces the number of switches compared to conventional designs.
2) The proposed topology uses 7 switches and 3 diodes to generate 7 voltage levels, whereas conventional designs require 12 switches. This reduces switching losses, cost, and complexity.
3) Simulation and experimental results show the proposed design can generate 7 voltage levels to drive an induction motor. FFT analysis shows lower total harmonic distortion compared to conventional designs.
IRJET- Investigation of Multicarrier PWM Topologies for Five Level Cascade H-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses multicarrier PWM topologies for a five-level cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter. It begins with an introduction to multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters in reducing harmonic distortion. It then describes the cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter topology and various multicarrier PWM modulation schemes, including phase disposition, phase opposite disposition, alternate phase opposite disposition, and vertically/horizontally shifted carriers. The document presents simulation results in MATLAB that analyze the effect of modulation index on output voltage total harmonic distortion for different PWM schemes. It finds that vertically shifted PWM topologies generally have lower THD compared to other schemes.
This document summarizes a study on the bogie and suspension system of the Indian Railways' WAP-4 electric locomotive. Key points:
- The WAP-4 locomotive was introduced in 1994 to haul heavier passenger trains at higher speeds of up to 140 km/h.
- It has a Co-Co wheel arrangement with 6 traction motors powered by a transformer and silicon rectifiers. The bogies use Flexicoil design with primary and secondary springs suspending the axle boxes and bogie frame.
- Over 800 WAP-4 locomotives are in service. Newer versions have improved diagnostics, static converters, and roof-mounted dynamic brakes. The locomotive can haul
This document compares the performance of a star-connected cascaded STATCOM using five different PWM techniques: Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM, Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM. The STATCOM performance is simulated in MATLAB for different load changes. Parameters like DC link voltage balancing, total harmonic distortion of STATCOM currents and voltages, and reactive power supplied by the STATCOM are compared for each control strategy.
This paper studies the Asymmetric cascaded three phase multilevel inverter developed with hybrid modulation technique applied for an industrial application. The aim of this paper to reduce the Total harmonics distortion in the cascaded multi level inverter by introducing the new concept to develop the three phase CMLI. This inverter has two segments, one segment has H-bridge inverter and another segment has sequential arrangement of power semi conductor switches with asymmetrical voltage source in the ratio of 1:2. Similarly develop the segments for other phases. This new topology is called as Hybrid MLI. This hybrid MLI is used to reduce the no of semiconductor device requirement and the Total harmonics distortion. The inverter is controlled by Phase disposition (PD) and alternative phase opposition disposition PWM technique (APOD). This control technique is used to minimize the current harmonic and increase the system performance. The circuit is simulated using Matlab circuit and its performance is compared using PD and APOD PWM techniques and verified with simulation results.
ENHANCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RMS OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF 5-LEVEL CASCADED H-BRIDGE MU...IAEME Publication
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) is the most suitable topology for the PV power converters. In this paper an effort has been made to increase the performance of CHBMLI by improving the fundamental Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the output voltage. This work proposes a Modified Multi Carrier PWM (MMCPWM) technique where, reference sine wave has been replaced by ellipse wave, resulting in enhanced performances on the fundamental rms output voltage and lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Analysis of single phase 5-level CHBMLI with and without load are carried for the different Multi Carrier PWM (MCPWM) techniques.
This paper presents a method to improve transient stability and damping of low frequency oscillations in a multi-machine power system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of FACTS devices. A Simulink model of a three generator power system equipped with a UPFC is developed. Simulation results show that a UPFC controlled using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller more effectively improves transient stability and damps power oscillations compared to using SSSC. The neuro-fuzzy controller is trained using a hybrid learning algorithm to tune its parameters online based on generator speed deviation and acceleration as inputs.
To Study Effect of Various Parameters for Quality Improvement in Technical Ed...IJERA Editor
In the present Research Investigation an effort has been made to study the effect of various important parameters of technical education system on its quality. This is done by creating sub modules of important stakeholders of technical education system and studying their Interactions by constructing causal loop diagrams of various modules .The main objective of this Research study is to construct a system dynamic model based on the interactions among this sub-modules which can be taken as a base for optimal policy planning for achieving optimum level of quality in the technical education system.
Re-Engineering Learning Objects for Re-PurposingIJERA Editor
Existing Learning Object (LO) definitions and their interpretations seem to project a view of LO with somewhat less flexible in the scope of LO reusability.In solving this problem the researchers try to interpret those definitions with an added property i.e. „LO repurposing‟. LO repurposing refers to the ability of reusing the LO in different perspectives and contexts. Adding new property needs a suitable Software Engineering methodology to be applied to properly inject the required strategies toward the development of the best and quality solutions. Our investigation in finding a solution for this problem is by shaping the LOssimilar to software objects that can not only be reused, but also repurposed in various learning contexts. In our paper, we propose to apply an object-oriented framework to develop the class-based LO model with an evolving nature of LOs. The class-based LO model allows LOs derivable to the degree ofsufficient level of repurposing for any learning context.
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
Advanced five level five phase cascaded multilevel inverter with svpwm algoritIAEME Publication
The document describes an advanced five-level five-phase cascaded multilevel inverter with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control. It discusses the working principles and operation of multilevel inverters, including their advantages over conventional two-level inverters such as producing higher quality waveforms with lower harmonic distortion. Three main multilevel inverter topologies are described: diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. The document then focuses on the proposed five-level five-phase cascaded full-bridge inverter circuit and presents simulation results of its output voltages.
The document discusses the overhead traction system (OETS) of the Hyderabad Metro Rail project. It provides background on railway electrification and describes the key components of OETS, including equipment like interrupters, isolators, transformers and jumpers. It also discusses the design of OETS covering aspects like the pegging plan, layout plan, cross section drawings and structural erection drawings. The power system installation including receiving and traction substations is outlined. Safety measures for the OETS are also mentioned.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes three direct torque control (DTC) strategies for brushless DC motors fed by a four-switch inverter (B4-inverter) to reduce torque ripple. It first reviews the operation of BLDC motors with six-switch (B6-inverter) and B4-inverters, including two-phase and three-phase conduction modes. It then describes three DTC strategies: DTC-1 adapted from B6-inverter control, DTC-2 with a vector selection table to independently control phase torques, and proposed DTC-3 to eliminate torque dips of DTC-2 during sector transitions. Experimental results show DTC-
Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Control of Multilevel Inverter f...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a comparative analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive fed with conventional two-level, three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI). The performance of the drive system is successfully evaluated using Fuzzy Logic (FL) based speed controller. The control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The speed and torque characteristic of conventional two-level inverter is compared with the three and five-level multilevel inverter (MLI) for various operating conditions. The three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverters are simulated using IGBT’s and the mathematical model of BLDC motor has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy based speed controller eliminate torque ripples and provides fast speed response. The developed Fuzzy Logic model has the ability to learn instantaneously and adapt its own controller parameters based on disturbances with minimum steady state error, overshoot and rise time of the output voltage.
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET) publishes papers on electrical engineering and technology. This paper discusses the design of a single phase Z-source inverter for controlling the speed of an induction motor and powering various loads. A LPC2148 ARM-7 microcontroller generates pulse width modulated signals to control the inverter switches and regulate motor speed based on feedback. Experimental results show the Z-source inverter can efficiently drive different loads including an induction motor.
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Fed from a Photovoltaic Multil...IJERA Editor
This paper presents Direct Torque Control (DTC) using Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for an induction motor drive fed from a photovoltaic multilevel inverter (PV-MLI). The system consists of two main parts PV DC power supply (PVDC) and MLI. The PVDC is used to generate DC isolated sources with certain ratios suitable for the adopted MLI. Beside the hardware system, the control system which uses the torque and speed estimation to control the load angle and to obtain the appropriate flux vector trajectory from which the voltage vector is directly derived based on direct torque control methods. The voltage vector is then generated by a hybrid multilevel inverter by employing space vector modulation (SVM). The inverter high quality output voltage which leads to a high quality IM performances. Besides, the MLI switching losses is very low due to most of the power cell switches are operating at nearly fundamental frequency. Some selected simulation results are presented for system validation.
Improved Indirect Rotor Flux Oriented Control of PWM inverter fed Induction M...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an improved indirect rotor flux oriented control method for PWM inverter-fed induction motor drives. The paper presents the modeling of an induction motor in the rotor flux reference frame and a method for estimating rotor flux using current models. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed current source inverter drive system under different operating conditions, showing improved performance over traditional voltage source inverter drives. The proposed control method aims to simplify design while reducing costs compared to other drive topologies.
Simulation and dSPACE Based Implementation of Various PWM Strategies for a Ne...IJPEDS-IAES
Depending on the number of levels in output voltage, inverters can be
divided into two categories: two level inverter and Multi Level Inverters
(MLIs). An inverter topology for high voltage and high power applications
that seems to be gaining interest is the MLI. In high power and high voltage
applications, the two level inverters have some limitations in operating at
high frequency mainly due to switching losses and constraints of device
rating.In this paper, a three phase H + type FCMLI (Flying Capacitor MLI)
using sinusoidal reference, third harmonic injection reference, 60 degree
reference and stepped wave reference are initially developed using
SIMULINK and then implemented in real time environment using dSPACE.
In H-type FCMLI with R-load it is inferred that bipolar COPWM-C
provides output with relatively low distortion for 60 degree reference
and bipolar COPWM-C strategy is found to perform better since it
provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage for THI
reference. The five level output voltages of the chosen MLIs obtained using
the MATLAB and dSPACE based PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
strategies and the corresponding %THD (Total Harmonic Distortion), VRMS
(fundamental), CF (Crest Factor) and FF (Form Factor) are presented and
analyzed.
A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storag...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
A Comparison Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar Switching modulated Cascade H-B...IJERA Editor
This paper discusses controlling of cascaded H-bridge multi inverter with sinusoidal modulation based PWM methods. Multi-level inverters are used to reduce the THD in the output wave form without reduction in power output of inverter. Increase in voltage level in the output voltage of an inverter increases numbers of components to be used in inverter configuration. This in turn increases the switching loss. But results in good harmonic distortion and provide better quality fundamental wave. Carrier based PWM schemes are used for control of switching operation of multi-level inverters. Many kinds of PWM schemes are available to control inverter switches. In this paper uniploar carrier based PWM, bipolar carrier based PWM schemes are considered for generation of carrier signals. The carrier signals thus generated are compared with sinusoidal and third harmonic based sinusoidal modulating signals for production of switching Pulses. Switching schemes are designed for a 3 Phase 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 Level inverters. The proposed switching schemes are applied to Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level inverters. The circuit is simulated with MATLAB Simulink environment for verification of total harmonic distortion.
IRJET- Designing and Simulation of Multilevel STATCOM on Cascaded TopologyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a cascaded multilevel STATCOM topology. It first discusses the need for reactive power compensation and control of power systems. It then describes the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology used for the STATCOM, noting its advantages over other multilevel inverter types. The document outlines the methodology, discussing control of the STATCOM using pulse width modulation techniques. It also reviews prior implementations of STATCOMs and issues with earlier converter configurations.
Performance Evaluation of Nine Level Modified CHB Multilevel Inverter for Var...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
6.[36 45]seven level modified cascaded inverter for induction motor drive app...Alexander Decker
1) The document presents a modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology for induction motor drive applications that reduces the number of switches compared to conventional designs.
2) The proposed topology uses 7 switches and 3 diodes to generate 7 voltage levels, whereas conventional designs require 12 switches. This reduces switching losses, cost, and complexity.
3) Simulation and experimental results show the proposed design can generate 7 voltage levels to drive an induction motor. FFT analysis shows lower total harmonic distortion compared to conventional designs.
IRJET- Investigation of Multicarrier PWM Topologies for Five Level Cascade H-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses multicarrier PWM topologies for a five-level cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter. It begins with an introduction to multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters in reducing harmonic distortion. It then describes the cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter topology and various multicarrier PWM modulation schemes, including phase disposition, phase opposite disposition, alternate phase opposite disposition, and vertically/horizontally shifted carriers. The document presents simulation results in MATLAB that analyze the effect of modulation index on output voltage total harmonic distortion for different PWM schemes. It finds that vertically shifted PWM topologies generally have lower THD compared to other schemes.
This document summarizes a study on the bogie and suspension system of the Indian Railways' WAP-4 electric locomotive. Key points:
- The WAP-4 locomotive was introduced in 1994 to haul heavier passenger trains at higher speeds of up to 140 km/h.
- It has a Co-Co wheel arrangement with 6 traction motors powered by a transformer and silicon rectifiers. The bogies use Flexicoil design with primary and secondary springs suspending the axle boxes and bogie frame.
- Over 800 WAP-4 locomotives are in service. Newer versions have improved diagnostics, static converters, and roof-mounted dynamic brakes. The locomotive can haul
This document compares the performance of a star-connected cascaded STATCOM using five different PWM techniques: Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM, Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM. The STATCOM performance is simulated in MATLAB for different load changes. Parameters like DC link voltage balancing, total harmonic distortion of STATCOM currents and voltages, and reactive power supplied by the STATCOM are compared for each control strategy.
This paper studies the Asymmetric cascaded three phase multilevel inverter developed with hybrid modulation technique applied for an industrial application. The aim of this paper to reduce the Total harmonics distortion in the cascaded multi level inverter by introducing the new concept to develop the three phase CMLI. This inverter has two segments, one segment has H-bridge inverter and another segment has sequential arrangement of power semi conductor switches with asymmetrical voltage source in the ratio of 1:2. Similarly develop the segments for other phases. This new topology is called as Hybrid MLI. This hybrid MLI is used to reduce the no of semiconductor device requirement and the Total harmonics distortion. The inverter is controlled by Phase disposition (PD) and alternative phase opposition disposition PWM technique (APOD). This control technique is used to minimize the current harmonic and increase the system performance. The circuit is simulated using Matlab circuit and its performance is compared using PD and APOD PWM techniques and verified with simulation results.
ENHANCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RMS OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF 5-LEVEL CASCADED H-BRIDGE MU...IAEME Publication
Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) is the most suitable topology for the PV power converters. In this paper an effort has been made to increase the performance of CHBMLI by improving the fundamental Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the output voltage. This work proposes a Modified Multi Carrier PWM (MMCPWM) technique where, reference sine wave has been replaced by ellipse wave, resulting in enhanced performances on the fundamental rms output voltage and lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Analysis of single phase 5-level CHBMLI with and without load are carried for the different Multi Carrier PWM (MCPWM) techniques.
This paper presents a method to improve transient stability and damping of low frequency oscillations in a multi-machine power system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of FACTS devices. A Simulink model of a three generator power system equipped with a UPFC is developed. Simulation results show that a UPFC controlled using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller more effectively improves transient stability and damps power oscillations compared to using SSSC. The neuro-fuzzy controller is trained using a hybrid learning algorithm to tune its parameters online based on generator speed deviation and acceleration as inputs.
To Study Effect of Various Parameters for Quality Improvement in Technical Ed...IJERA Editor
In the present Research Investigation an effort has been made to study the effect of various important parameters of technical education system on its quality. This is done by creating sub modules of important stakeholders of technical education system and studying their Interactions by constructing causal loop diagrams of various modules .The main objective of this Research study is to construct a system dynamic model based on the interactions among this sub-modules which can be taken as a base for optimal policy planning for achieving optimum level of quality in the technical education system.
Re-Engineering Learning Objects for Re-PurposingIJERA Editor
Existing Learning Object (LO) definitions and their interpretations seem to project a view of LO with somewhat less flexible in the scope of LO reusability.In solving this problem the researchers try to interpret those definitions with an added property i.e. „LO repurposing‟. LO repurposing refers to the ability of reusing the LO in different perspectives and contexts. Adding new property needs a suitable Software Engineering methodology to be applied to properly inject the required strategies toward the development of the best and quality solutions. Our investigation in finding a solution for this problem is by shaping the LOssimilar to software objects that can not only be reused, but also repurposed in various learning contexts. In our paper, we propose to apply an object-oriented framework to develop the class-based LO model with an evolving nature of LOs. The class-based LO model allows LOs derivable to the degree ofsufficient level of repurposing for any learning context.
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
Exponentially Distributed Outages of Decreased ACTH and Cortisol Responses to...IJERA Editor
Preclinical research findings suggest that exposure to stress and concomitantly hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis activation during early development can have permanent and potentially deleterious effects. A
history of early-life abuse or neglect appears to increase risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Abnormal HPA
response to stress challenge has been reported in adult patients with Major Depressive Disorder and PostTraumatic
Stress Disorder. This paper discussed the constant stress level of adult patients with times to damage
of stress effect and recoveries. Also In adults without diagnosable psychopathology, childhood maltreatment is
associated with diminished HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor.
Fvm Analysis for Thermal and Hydraulic Behaviour of Circular Finned Mpfhs by ...IJERA Editor
In this exploration the influence of using two types of Nano fluids (Ag-water and Al203-water) as a coolant at volumetric concentration is taken (c= 4%) in micro pin fin heat sink with circular fins in addition to the un-finned micro-channel heat sink is deliberated with the help of commercially available computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 14. The evaluation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of MPFHS and cooling fluids has been made under the similar boundary condition; at the range of Reynolds number used is (100-500). The gotten outcomes is exemplified that, Ag-water Nano fluid is gives the minimum pressure drop and slightly maximum heat transfer rate compared to Al203-water Nano fluid. And circular finned heat sink is dissipating more amount of heat compared to un-finned micro-channel heat sink. But it is also gives the maximum pressure drop due to finned area.
A Proposed Security Architecture for Establishing Privacy Domains in Systems ...IJERA Editor
Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare. Instead of keeping patient information inside a written file, you can find all information stored in an organized database as well defined files using a specific system in almost every hospital. But those files sometimes got lost or information was split up in files in different hospitals or different departments so no one could see the whole picture from this point we come up with our idea. One of this paper targets is to keep that information available on the cloud so doctors and nurses can have an access to patient record everywhere, so patient history will be clear which helps doctors in giving the right decision. We present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health bases. In this case, we will improve the availability of medical data and provide the ability for patients to moderate their medical data. Moreover, e-Health system in cloud computing has more than one component to be attacked. The other target of this paper is to distinguish between different kinds of attackers and we point out several shortcomings of current e-Health solutions and standards, particularly they do not address the client platform security, which is a crucial aspect for the overall security of systems in cloud. To fill this gap, we present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health infrastructures. Our solution provides client platform security and appropriately combines this with network security concepts.
Design of PVC Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed RegionIJERA Editor
The Project is aimed at designing a wind turbine that can be able to build by Laypersons, using readily available material which is feasible & affordable to provide much needed electricity. Since most of the high wind power density regions in the zone of high wind speed are already being tapped by large scale wind turbine and so it required creating a large scope for the development of low wind speed turbines. Our study focuses primarily on designing the blade for tapping power in the regions of low wind power density. The aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades have major influence on aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine. This can be achieved by comparing the effectiveness of a crude blade fashioned from a different Size, Material & standard of PVC drainage pipe which are easily available in market. It can be evaluated by performing experimental analysis, data collection & its evaluation on different type & size of PVC Pipe & preparing an analytical tool for best Design.
Generalized Carleson Operator and Convergence of Walsh Type Wavelet Packet Ex...IJERA Editor
In this paper, two new theorems on generalized Carleson Operator for a Walsh type wavelet packet system and for periodic Walsh type wavelet packet expansion of a function 𝑓𝜖𝐿𝑝 0,1 , 1<𝑝><∞, have been established.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Lateritic Brick for Better PerformanceIJERA Editor
The document discusses enhancing the mechanical properties of lateritic bricks for improved performance. Three types of bricks were produced: improved stabilized lateritic bricks (ISLB) treated with different concentrations of Zycosil water solution, controlled stabilized lateritic bricks (CSLB), and untreated adobe unstabilized lateritic bricks (AULB). Tests were conducted to evaluate the bricks' abrasion resistance, erosion resistance, capillary absorption, density, and compressive strength after curing. Results showed ISLB performed better than CSLB and AULB across all tests, with higher Zycosil concentrations further enhancing properties. It was concluded treating lateritic bricks with Zycosil improves mechanical properties and performance over untreated and controlled
This paper addresses the fracture toughness ( ), or also known as critical stress intensity Factor, according to
conditions of Lineal Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The characterization of the mechanical properties in
tensile and fracture toughness of structural steel pipes API-5L used in hydrocarbons transportation was
performed. For fracture toughness, the material was tested through fatigue crack propagation on standardized
compact specimen (CT) according to ASTM E-399 norm. A thickness (B) equal to and a crack size (a) equal
to 0.5w were used. With the porpoise of establishing the adequate conditions at the crack tip, the specimens were
subjected to fatigue pre-cracking by application of repeated cycles of load in tensile-tensile and constant load
amplitude with a load ratio of R = 0.1. The experimental Compliance method was used based on data obtained
from load vs. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD). The results show a Stress Intensity factor of 35.88
MPa√m for a 25 mm crack size specimen. The device used for testing is a MTS-810 machine with capacity of
100KN and 6 kHz sampling rate, which meets the conditions of the ASTM E-399 standard. The cracking
susceptibility of steel is influenced by the size, morphology and distribution of non-metallic inclusions,
thermochemical interaction with the environment and microstructure.
here it introduces an efficient multi-resolution watermarking methodology for copyright protection of digital images. By adapting the watermark signal to the wavelet coefficients, the proposed method is highly image adaptive and the watermark signal can be strengthen in the most significant parts of the image. As this property also increases the watermark visibility, usage of the human visual system is incorporated to prevent perceptual visibility of embedded watermark signal. Experimental results show that the proposed system preserves the image quality and is vulnerable against most common image processing distortions. Furthermore, the hierarchical nature of wavelet transform allows for detection of watermark at various resolutions, resulting in reduction of the computational load needed for watermark detection based on the noise level. The performance of the proposed system is shown to be superior to that of other available schemes reported in the literature.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document presents a control scheme for a D-STATCOM (distribution static compensator) to compensate for power factor and harmonic current in an electric power distribution system. It begins by introducing D-STATCOM technology and its role in providing reactive power support and voltage regulation on distribution feeders. It then describes the proposed control scheme, which is based on instantaneous power theory and aims to make the source current purely sinusoidal with unity power factor. Simulation results are presented comparing the proposed control scheme to an existing one, showing the new scheme achieves unity power factor compensation after a load is switched on.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document presents a study on using a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to control load frequency in a two-area interconnected power system. Conventional control methods like integral and PID controllers were unable to adequately control oscillations due to their slow response. The document proposes incorporating a BESS model that can provide fast active power compensation. Simulation results showed that using BESS, load frequency oscillations settled within 0.5-1 seconds after a disturbance, much faster than conventional controllers. This demonstrates that BESS is an effective technique for load frequency control in power systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cascaded h bridge multilevel inverter for induction motor driveseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
A comparative analysis of speed control of separately excited dc motors by co...IAEME Publication
This document compares speed control of a separately excited DC motor using conventional and artificial intelligence (AI) based controllers. It first provides background on separately excited DC motors and discusses their conventional control using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. It then introduces fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controllers for speed control. The controllers are modeled and tested in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show AI controllers provide better performance and robustness during large load disturbances compared to the conventional PI controller.
Comparative analysis of multilevel inverter topologies for induction motor dr...eSAT Journals
This document compares different multilevel inverter topologies for induction motor drive applications. It proposes a new multilevel inverter topology that requires fewer switches and separate DC sources than conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The proposed topology is able to generate 13 voltage levels using only 7 switches and 3 DC sources in asymmetrical configuration, compared to 24 switches and 6 DC sources for a conventional cascaded H-bridge design. MATLAB simulations show the induction motor driven by the proposed 13-level inverter has reduced torque and speed ripples compared to conventional designs. Total harmonic distortion is also reduced at 13.94% for the proposed design.
Development of Multilevel Inverters for Control ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of multilevel inverters for control applications. It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and their advantages over traditional two-level inverters for high power applications. It then describes the different types of multilevel inverters and compares their characteristics. The document simulates a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using sinusoidal pulse width modulation and analyzes its output waveforms. It then proposes using a neural network controller for the inverter and simulates its performance, showing lower total harmonic distortion compared to the conventional control method.
1) The document describes a system for controlling the speed of a CUK converter-fed BLDC motor using a PI controller.
2) A CUK converter is used to provide power to the BLDC motor and PI control is applied to regulate the output voltage of the CUK converter in order to control the motor speed.
3) Simulation results show that the proposed PI controller is able to effectively control the motor speed while maintaining low current ripple and reducing torque ripples.
In this paper a hardware implementation of single-phase cascaded H-bridge three level multilevel inverter (MLI) using sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is presented. There are a few interesting features of using this configuration, where less component count, less switching losses, and improved output voltage/current waveform. The output of power inverter consists of three form, that is, square wave, modified square wave and pure sine wave. The pure sine wave and modified square wave are more expensive than square wave. The focus paper is to generate a PWM signal which control the switching of MOSFET power semiconductor. The sine wave can be created by using the concept of Schmitt-Trigger oscillator and low-pass filter topology followed by half of the waveform will be eliminated by using the circuit of precision half-wave rectifier. Waveform was inverted with 180º by circuit of inverting op-amp amplifier in order to compare saw-tooth waveform. Two of PWM signal were produced by circuit of PWM and used digital inverter to invert the two PWM signal before this PWM signal will be passed to 2 MOSFET driver and a 3-level output waveform with 45 Hz was produced. As a conclusion, a 3-level output waveform is produced with output voltage and current recorded at 22.5 Vrms and 4.5 Arms. The value of measured resistance is 0.015 Ω that cause voltage drop around 0.043 V. Based on the result obtained, the power for designed inverter is around 100W and efficiency recorded at 75%.
Five Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Harmonic Reduced in PWM Switch...ijsrd.com
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as a inverter. This paper describes a harmonics reduced in a hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter circuit with pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. These scheme pulse width modulations in modified method are uses reduce switching device. These methods are a conventional inverter and hybrid inverter combine form. This topology used the combined form of a new five level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation methods are used in this topology five level output voltage wave forms is shown in FFT window MATLABE/SIMULINK is used to simulate the inverter circuit operation and control signals.
Tranformerless H6 Grid Tied Inverter For Photovoltaic GenerationIJMER
Transformer less inverter is widely used in grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) generation systems,
due to the benefits of achieving high efficiency and low cost. Various transformer less inverter
topologies have been proposed to meet the safety requirement of leakage currents, such as specified in
the VDE-4105 standard. In this paper, a family of H6 transformer less inverter topologies withlow
leakage currents is proposed, and the intrinsic relationship betweenH5 topology, highly efficient and
reliable inverter concept(HERIC) topology, and the proposed H6 topology has been discussedas well.
One of the proposed H6 inverter topologies is takenas an example for detail analysis with operation
modes and modulationstrategy. A universal prototype is built for H6 topology mentionedfor evaluating
their performances in terms of power efficiency and powerquality characteristics. Experimental results
show that inthe proposed H6 topology, it has been found that with the increase in the switching
frequency, the magnitude of higher order harmonics increases and that of lower order harmonics
reduces. The size and cost of filter reduces as the order of harmonics increases, so a tradeoff must be
done between the switching frequencies and the cost of filter the system
Adaptive Variable Speed Control Scheme for Wind Based on PFC of BLDC Drive Ap...IJMTST Journal
The wind turbine acts as a prime-mover for doubly fed BLDC generator. To make the system stable, proper
monitoring is required or sometimes an auxiliary system can also be a good option, which can support the
primary system during undesirable conditions. The simulation results show a significant enhancement in
shortening development time and improving dynamic performance of the BLDC motor compared to the
conventional speed control of BLDC motor drive. The wind turbine acts as a prime-mover for doubly fed BLDC
generator. The three phase BLDC motor has wide applications in industries due to its rugged construction,
efficiency and low cost. Neutral point clamped is used for estimation of feedback controller parameters for
three phase BLDC motor fed from wind turbine .Neutral point clamped offers certain advantages such as
simple steps. The PFC BL-Luo converter has been designed to operate in DICM and to act as an inherent
power factor pre-regulator. An electronic commutation of the BLDC motor has been used which utilizes a
low-frequency operation of VSI for reduced switching losses. The simulation results show a significant
enhancement in variable industrial applications and improving dynamic performance of the BLDC motor
compared to the conventional speed control of BLDC motor drive. The proposed concept can be implemented
to adaptive variable speed control scheme for wind energy based BLDC motor using Matlab/Simulink
software
This document summarizes a study on assessing the impact of faults on an induction motor drive operating under indirect field oriented control. The study develops a rotor flux DQ axis model of an induction motor and simulates various faults including voltage, current, speed, torque, and stator flux faults. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the impact of faults on motor performance indicators like voltage, current, speed, torque, and flux. Both open-loop and closed-loop indirect field oriented control schemes are evaluated. The analysis provides a method for assessing reliability of motor drives by observing their behavior under different fault conditions.
Renewable Energy Based on Current Fed Switched Inverter for Smart Grid Applic...MangaiK4
Abstract - Renewable energy is used in the current fed switched inverter for high power production. High voltage support, wide yield ranges of operation, shoot-through resistance are a portion of the desired properties of an inverter for a reliable, versatile and less ripple AC inversion. This paper proposes a single stage, high boost inverter with buck-boost capacity which has a few particular advantages over traditional voltage source inverters (VSI) like better EMI noise, wide input and output voltage range of operation, and so on. The proposed inverter is named as Current-Fed Switched Inverter (CFSI). A renewable energy based converter structure of CFSI has been created which supplies both AC and DC loads, at the same time, from a single DC supply which makes it reasonable for DC smart grid application. This paper proposes the operation and control of a CFSI based converter which directs the AC and DC conversion voltages at their reference. The advancement of the proposed converter from essential current fed DC/DC topology is explained. The closed loop controller is verified by using the MATLAB/ Simulink environment.
Analysis and Simulation of Asynchronous Machine Connected with Load Accomplis...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper presents the simulation analysis of pulse width modulation based induction motor drive. The main objective of this paper is analysis of asynchronous machine with PWM fed inverter and harmonic analysis of active and reactive power as well as voltage and current. Space vector pulse width modulation technique is used in various industrial applications. Variation in voltage and frequency supply to ac drives is produced from a voltage source inverter and space vector PWM is used frequently now a day due to their easy understanding. This work is based on a SVPWM based induction motor based on space vector theory. The simulation is done on MATLAB software and the simulation results obtained and analyzed. Ms. Neetu Khunte | Mr. Abhijeet Lal | Mr. Abhishek Agrawal "Analysis and Simulation of Asynchronous Machine Connected with Load Accomplished with Chopper Control and PWM Based Inverter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41190.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/41190/analysis-and-simulation-of-asynchronous-machine-connected-with-load-accomplished-with-chopper-control-and-pwm-based-inverter/ms-neetu-khunte
This paper is an attempt to develop an Induction Motor Drive System with Multilevel Inverter topology for reduced torque ripple application. A Nine level-cascaded multilevel inverter is developed for the induction motor drive with SVPWM control powered by boost converter fed using solar PV supply. The SVPWM control based implementation of vector control using a multilevel inverter topology needs a multilevel SVPWM control technique, which is implemented in this paper. The Solar power supplied is applied with the MPPT technique and the supplied DC power is fed to the three phase cascaded 9 level multilevel inverter. The vector control of induction motor is carried out using the SVPWM technique on the multilevel topology. The torque ripple reduction in the output is observed and compared with the vector control of induction motor. Matlab based implementation is carried out and the results are tabulated and inferred.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis for Power Quality Improvenment of Cascaded an...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of cascaded and capacitor-clamped multilevel inverters. It analyzes the output voltage waveforms and total harmonic distortion of 3-level and 5-level configurations of each inverter topology. The cascaded inverter uses H-bridge cells with separate DC sources, while the capacitor-clamped inverter uses capacitors to transfer voltage between stages. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the voltage waveforms and fast Fourier transform analysis for each configuration. The cascaded inverter requires fewer components but separate DC sources, while the capacitor-clamped inverter requires voltage balancing of capacitors.
IRJET- Modular Multilevel Converter for Power Quality ImprovementIRJET Journal
The document discusses a modular multilevel converter (MMC) for improving power quality. The MMC uses identical individually controllable submodules to produce a stepped voltage waveform that is close to sinusoidal, resulting in low harmonic distortion. It has advantages over traditional converters like modular structure, transformerless operation, scalability, use of standard components, and excellent output waveform quality. The document presents the configuration and operation of the MMC, describes a proposed MMC model, and provides simulation results showing the MMC produces output voltages and currents with low total harmonic distortion of 3.66%.
Close Loop Control of Induction Motor Using Z-Source InverterIJSRD
In this paper a new closed loop control of induction motor fed by a Z – source inverter based on the vector control or field oriented control strategy is presented. Induction motor is supplied by Z – source inverter, in the Z – source inverter the term Z denotes impedance which means a combination of L & C element which are cross connected. The Z-source inverter consists of a unique impedance network (or circuit) to couple the inverter main circuit to the power supply, hence providing great features that cannot be observed in the conventional voltage-source inverter and current-source inverters in which capacitor and inductor are used, respectively.In the field oriented control method or vector control method speed of the induction motor, torque & 3 phase stator current is given to the field oriented controller and gate pulses for the inverter is generated to obtain the desired operation of the induction motor.
Current model predictive control for three-phase active power filter using ca...nooriasukmaningtyas
Different technologies in particular in the medium and high-power
conversion were implemented and taken into consideration in the last few
years. These inverter topologies have been demonstrated to ensure the
generation of high-quality voltage waveforms based on power half-conductor
switches, which operate on the fundamental frequency. The multilevel
inverter H-bridge is a promising alternative among the available multi-level
inverter topologies. A predictional current control algorithm for multi-level
converters and use on a three-phase cascaded inverter H-bridge. This article
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advantages over a two-leaved inverter; the simulation output of APF is
checked by MATLAB/Simulink. The predictive controlled the APF
associated with the three-level inverter shows more performances and
efficiency compared to the conventional control algorithms.
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Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
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space vector PWM (SVPWM), permanent magnetic synchronous motor(PMSM), field-oriented control(FOC)
1. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 5), July 2014, pp.100-107
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Comparative Analysis of VSI & 7 Level MLI Fed Induction Motor Drive with IFOC Scheme and Pump Load Krishna Prabhakar Lall*, Sabah V.S*, Charles Baby T*, Prof. Chitra A**, Assistant Professor (Selection Grade)** *M.Tech Scholar, School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India. ABSTRACT Induction Motor are named as workhouse of Industries. Three phase induction motors are widely used in Industrial drives because of their ruggedness, reliability and simplicity in construction. The Induction Motor is fed by a cascaded H-Bridge 7 Level MLI and is controlled by Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique. In the current paper, Multi Carrier PWM techniques like PD, POD and APOD are used for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVPWM). Dynamic performance of the Induction Motor is analyzed for various carrier based PWM methods. Mathematical model of Pump Load is designed and the performance of the Induction Motor Drive with Pump Load is analyzed using simulation results obtained.
Keywords - Centrifugal Pump, CHBMLI-Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, Induction Motor, IFOC- Indirect Field Oriented Control, Multicarrier PWM Technique.
I. INTRODUCTION
Induction motor has achieved popularity in motoring application due to its low cost, reliability, low maintenance, no brushes to wear out, very simple rotor assembly and no magnets to add to the cost. Squirrel cage induction machine when operated constant line voltage (50Hz) it operates at constant speed. However in industries we have variable speed applications of Induction motors. This can be achieved by Induction motor drives [1]. Main application of Induction Motor drives are Fans, blowers, Compressor, Pumps [2], machine tools like lathe, drilling machine, lifts, and conveyer belts etc. Induction motor is widely used to drive the industrial pump loads. Centrifugal pump are the most common type of kinetic pump, and it is widely used in the field of irrigation and industrial fluid pumping applications. Centrifugal pumps are more economical to operate and require lesser maintenance than other types of pumps. In this Paper our objective is to analyze the MLI Fed Induction Motor drive with IFOC [3] for pump application. There are several control schemes devised for the control Induction motor both in open loop as well as closed loop vector control of Induction motor is widely accepted control scheme due to its better dynamic response. Vector control scheme is more popular due to its better dynamic performance. In IFOC [3] scheme speed and position are not directly measurable. Speed and position are estimated by measuring other parameters such as phase voltages and currents which are directly measured. We have connected a Multilevel Inverter to feed the Induction Motor as it possesses several advantages over Voltage source Inverters.
Multilevel inverters are suitable for high voltage and high power applications due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonic spectrum, reduced filter requirements, suitable for renewable and distributed generation system. Using multilevel technique, the amplitude of the output voltage is increased, switching stress in the devices is reduced and the overall harmonic profile is improved. Two level inverter output has high harmonic distortion content and cannot be used for high power applications and drive systems. Multi level inverters can be used to replace the two level inverters. For a particular switching frequency, compared with a two level inverter, the harmonic content is less in case of MLI [4,5].Multi Level Inverter topologies have been widely used in the drives industry to run induction machines for high power configurations. Three major topologies are available for MLI namely: Cascaded H Bridge, Diode clamped, Flying Capacitor. The Cascaded H Bridge MLI is probably the only kind of multi level inverter wherein the inputs can be individual isolated energy sources (capacitors, batteries, PV arrays, etc) and is best suited for renewable energy systems.
A feedback closed loop Induction motor connected pump load is analyzed in this paper as pump load contributes to a major Industrial load. In case of pump load torque increases with the square of the change in rotational speed of the motor. The mechanical load on the motor will change with approximately the cube of the change in rotational speed. Many of the applications are controlled with throttles, mechanical dampers and bypasses. This paper also analyses a dynamic control scheme for
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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pump connected load enabling a complete AC drive
system.
II. CASCADED H BRIDGE MLI
The basic block diagram of a cascaded H bridge
MLI [4, 5] for is shown in Fig 2.1. Here 4 switches
are used 2 switches in first leg (S1, S4) & 2 in second
leg (S2, S3) and NOT gate IC is connected to
switches (S3,S4) as no two switches should conduct
simultaneously in the same leg since it is voltage
source so there will be a chance of short-circuit.
Fig 2.1: Single H-Bridge Circuit Diagram
A three phase 7 level inverter is used to control
the induction motor driving a pump load. Fig shows
the topology of the Multilevel Inverter [5] used
.Three H Bridges are present in each phase of the
Multilevel Inverter. Four switches supplied from a
separate DC source contribute a single H bridge.
Output voltage of each H bridge will be: Vdc, 0,-
Vdc. H bridges are provided by gate pulses which are
generated by Pulse Width Modulation techniques.
There are several PWM techniques like Selective
harmonic elimination, Space vector Pulse Width
Modulation, Sine Pulse Width Modulation, etc. In the
proposed drive scheme, Sine Pulse Width
Modulation, technique is used. The multicarrier
PWM technique [6, 7] for generating Sinusoidal
Pulse Width Modulation is again subdivided into
Phase Disposition techniques and Phase displacement
techniques. Very popular Phase Disposition
techniques are Phase Disposition (PD), Phase
Opposition Disposition (POD) and Alternate Phase
Opposition Disposition (APOD). In this paper,
Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD)
technique is used. In this technique, all the carrier
waveforms are in phase opposition with each other.
In open loop sine wave generator provides the
reference sine wave for PWM pulse where as in
closed loop it is generated by the controller. In Fig
2.2 (APOD) Multicarrier PWM is shown with
reference sine wave & multicarrier APOD [6, 7]
pulses. The below fig is having 4 switching pulses to
be given to 4 different switches.
Fig 2.2: Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition
(APOD) Multicarrier PWM
H-BRIDGE 1
H-BRIDGE 3
H-BRIDGE 2
OUTPUT 1
OUTPUT 2
CASCADED MLI FOR SINGLE PHASE (A)
Fig 2.3: Basic Block Diagram of 3 H-Bridge
Structures
The Basic Block Diagram of 3 H-Bridge
Cascaded Structure is shown in Fig 2.3. From H-Bridge
1 & 3 output is taken from the MLI and H-Bridge
2 acts as intermediate bridge structure
connected in series with H-Bridges 1 and 3. As there
are 3 H-Bridges so MLI output voltage profile for
single phase (A) is increased, similarly for the phases
B and C. So increasing no of voltage level results in
reducing the voltage stress across the switching
devices and as a whole overall harmonic spectrum of
the system is significantly reduced. It is seen that 40-
50% of losses is the switching losses so if switching
stress is low then the efficiency of the system can be
enhanced.
III. MLI INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE
WITH IFOC
NOMENCLATURE
Iα, Iβ, Id, Iq - Currents in α-β and d-q reference
frame.
IA, IB, IC - Currents in ABC reference frame.
Vα, Vβ, Vd, Vq -Voltages in α-β and d-q reference
frame.
Ks- Transformation matrix.
λd , λq -Flux in d-q reference frame.
ψa - Armature Flux.
3. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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ψf - Field Flux.
Ids- D axis stator current.
Iqs- Q axis stator current.
Idsr - Reference D axis current.
Iqsr - Reference Q axis current.
Vdsr- Stator Reference D axis voltage.
Vqsr- Stator Reference Q axis voltage.
θ- Position of rotor.
θr- Reference Position of rotor.
Because of inherent coupling effect in the
machine the scalar control methods of VSI and CSI
offer a very sluggish control response. A vector or
field oriented control as explained in this figure
offers a better dynamic response. In vector control
method, an induction Motor is controlled like a
separately excited dc motor. In case of a separately
excited dc motor, the field flux ψf and armature flux
ψa, established by the respective field current If and
armature or torque component of current Ia, are
independent and orthogonal in space such that when
torque is controlled by Ia, the field flux is not
affected which results in fast torque response.
Similarly, in induction motor vector control [8], the
synchronous reference frame currents Ids and Iqs are
analogous to If and Ia, respectively as shown in Fig
3.1 which is the significance of IFOC Scheme.
Therefore, when torque is controlled by Iqs, the rotor
flux is not affected thus giving fast dc motor-like
torque response. The drive dynamic model also
becomes simple like that of a dc machine because of
decoupling vector control.
Ia
+
Vd
-
If
+
Vf
-
Decoupled
Ia
If
ψa
ψf
Ids
Iqs
ψa
Ψr*
ωr
*
Ids*ref
Iqs*ref
Vector- Field
Oriented Control
IFOC Scheme
SPWM
Multilevel
Inverter
3-PHASE
INDUCTION
MOTOR
WITH
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP LOAD
Vd
Te=Kt ψr
ψf
- Kt Ia If (1)
Te=Kt ψr* Iqs - Kt Iqs Ids (2)
Fig 3.1: Significance of IFOC Scheme
In the Direct FOC scheme rotor speed is
calculated by means of position sensors and encoders
fitted in the rotor shaft so it makes the rotor bulky,
costly and complicated and hence overall efficiency
of the system is reduced due to the friction and
vibration losses in the rotor shaft whereas in IFOC
scheme which is implemented here, the speed of
motor is calculated from the stator current. An error
signal is generated by comparing the speed with the
reference value. The error signal thus generated is
then fed to a PI controller P2(s) which generates the
reference torque Te
r. The reference toque is converted
to the reference Q axis current Iqs
r by machine
equations. The reference voltage Vqs
r is obtained
from Iqs
r by current controller P4(s) .The flux
controller P1(s) generates Id
r which is compared with
the reference flux and provided as input to current
controller P3(s) that generates the voltage reference
Vd
r. The input of flux controller P1(s) is error
obtained between desired rotor flux and calculated
flux. The reference voltages are converted back to
three phase rotating reference VABC which is used as
reference voltage for PWM generation.
In the Fig 3.2 it shows the block diagram of
IFOC Scheme with Induction Motor coupled with
Pump Load. As we have implemented 7 Level MLI
i.e. n=7, so there will be (n-1) PWM pulses i.e. 6
Multicarrier PWM pulses should be given to the
switches in each of the three phases.
M
dq
abc
Multile
vel
SPWM
Modul
ator Multilevel
Inverter
1
Ids
r
abc
dq
Enc
Wm
IA
IB
IC
separated dc
sources
Gate Drive
Pulses
VA
r
VB
r
VC
r
Vqs
r
Vds
r
θr
θ
+
+
+
-
+
W -
m
Wm
r Iqs
r
Iqs
Ids
r
Ids
P2(s) P4(s)
P3(s)
Flux
Calculator
Ph
irr
Ph
ir
P1(s) Ids
MOTOR+
PUMP
PI Controllers P1(s), P2(s), P3(s), P4(s)
Fig 3.2: Block Diagram of IFOC (Indirect) Scheme
with Induction Motor & Pump Load
IV. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Centrifugal Pump [2] is designed in simulink as
shown in the figure given below with the following
Parameters and equations-
T (Torque) in N-m
ωn= Speed in rad/s
g=9.81m2/s (Specific Gravity)
Q= Water Flow Discharge Rate (in ltr/s)
ρ= 1000 Kg/m3 (Water Volumic Mass)
H=Manometric Head of Well (in m) = 10m, 20m,
30m (specified in simulation)
PH = ρgQH (Hydraulic Power) eq.(4.1)
TL =g/ω (in N-m) eq.(4.2)
Q= (T ω)/ (gH*1000) eq. (4.3)
4. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Fig 4.1: Matlab /Simulink Model of Centrifugal Pump The Fig 4.1 shows the Matlab /Simulink Model of Centrifugal Pump where Torque and speed is multiplied by product block to give the numerator of discharge similarly specific gravity, density of water, total row head is multiplied by product block to give the denominator of discharge. In this way Discharge i.e. water flow rate through the pump is calculated. V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The above mentioned setup is simulated with Phase Disposition (PD) as well as Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD) in closed loop with pump load and it is found that steady state error & torque ripples are less and discharge is more i.e. Closed Loop Performance Analysis with Multicarrier PWM. So we have implemented the APOD Multicarrier PWM technique for our proposed system. In Field-Oriented Control (FOC) technique the flux & torque components are decoupled by means of a decoupler & hence torque and flux are independent of each other. For different values of torque, stator and rotor flux remains constant & the rotor flux is maintained at 0.9 wb as shown in below simulated rotor flux waveform in fig 5.3. Our simulation setup is in full accordance with flux control. CASE I: Variable Speed (80-100 rad/s) in 3s & constant load torque TL=7 Nm, H=20m TABLE I
CASE II: Variable load torque (0-7 Nm) in 3s & constant speed 100 rad/s, H=20m TABLE II
COMPARISION OF PARAMETERS
VSI
7-Level MLI With APOD Multi- Carrier Technique
Discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s )
3.488
4.782
Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm)
6.843
9.382
THDv
0.8916
0.6388
Hydraulic Power of Pump PH( in W/hp)
684.3/0.917 hp
938.3/1.257 hp
Steady State Error in Speed ess in ( % )
0.0023
0.0005
Torque Ripples ( % )
4.4
3.8
Settling Time Ts in (s)
0.38
0.156
COMPARISION
VSI
7-Level MLI
Discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s )
3.469
4.711
Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm)
6.806
9.242
THDv
0.8815
0.6465
Hydraulic Power of Pump PH( in W )
680.6/0.912 hp
924.2/1.238 hp
Maximum Peak Overshoot Mp ( % )
1.17
1.5
Steady State Error in Speed ess in ( % )
0.0015
0.0002
Torque Ripples ( % )
5.4
4.2
Settling Time Ts in (s)
0.4
0.144
5. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Simulated Waveforms for 7-Level MLI-
Fig 5.1: Discharge Rate Vs Time
Fig 5.2: Speed Vs Time For Variable load application load torque varies from (0-7 Nm) in 3s & at constant speed of 100 rad/s, H=20m it is seen that electromagnetic torque Te (Nm) developed & discharge is comparatively high , Torque Ripples are reduced & Settling Time Ts gets improved.
Fig 5.3: Rotor Flux Vs Time
Fig 5.4: Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm) Vs Time
Simulated Waveforms for VSI
# Variable load torque (0-7 Nm) in 3s & constant speed 100 rad/s, H=10m TABLE III
COMPARISION
VSI
7-Level MLI
Discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s )
6.937
9.421
Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm)
6.806
9.242
THDv
0.8815
0.6465
Hydraulic Power of Pump PH ( in W )
680.51/0. 9122 hp
924.2/1.238 hp
Maximum Peak Overshoot Mp ( % )
1.17
1.5
Steady State Error in Speed ess in ( % )
0.0015
0.0002
Torque Ripples ( % )
5.4
4.2
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TABLE IV
Fig 5.5: Rotor Speed Vs Time Analyzing Table IV confirmed that as head increases from 10m to 30m discharge gets reduced from 9.421 ltr/s to 3.145 ltrs/s at full rated speed. Also on the other hand for constant head operation (H=10m) as speed increase from 75% of rated value to more than rated 110% discharge increases from 7.065 ltr/s to 10.363 ltr/s
Fig 5.6: Head (H) Vs Discharge (Q) Characteristics at varying rotor speed & head.
Fig 5.7: Hydraulic Power of Pump PH ( in W ) Vs Speed wn in (rad/s)
Fig 5.8: Head (H) Vs Discharge (Q) Characteristics at constant rotor speed . The above fig 5.8. shows the nature of curve for total manometric head Vs discharge obtained by VSI & 7 Level MLI Fed drive at constant rotor speed.
Speed wn=100 rad / s
H=10m, Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm)= 9.242
H=20m, Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm)= 9.242
H=30m, Electromagnetic Torque Te (Nm)= 9.242
Discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s )
Hydraulic Power of Pump PH ( in W )
Discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s )
Hydraulic Power of Pump PH ( in W )
Discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s )
Hydraulic Power of Pump PH ( in W )
0.75 wn
7.065
693.07
3.532
692.9
2.355
693.07
0.85 wn
8.007
785.4
4.003
785.3
2.669
785.4
wn
9.421
924.2
4.711
924.34
3.145
925.5
1.1 wn
10.363
1016.61
5.181
1016.52
3.454
1016.7
7. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Fig 5.9: Chart comparing between VSI & 7 Level MLI for various parameters Q, Te, % Ripples.
VI. CONCLUSION In this paper we analyzed the performance of Induction Motor [1] drive connected with pump load [2] and found that for the same head (say 20m) & Electromagnetic Torque Te as the rotor speed varies from 75% of rated to 110%, discharge Water Flow Rate Q in ( ltr / s ) quantitavely increases from 3.532 ltr/s to 5.181 ltr/s. Also for 7 Level MLI fed drive THD in voltage is considerably less compared to VSI fed as ripples in electromagnetic torque effectively reduced, level of voltage magnitude is increased making output nearly sinusoidal thereby decreasing electrical stress across the switching devices as a whole the voltage profile of complete drive gets improved & efficiency of the closed loop feedback system is increased.
REFERENCES [1] K.Vijaya Bhaskhar Reddy, G.V. Siva Krishna Rau, Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Andhra University, Waltair, A.P, India-“ Modeling and Simulation of Modified Sine PWM VSI fed induction motor drive”- International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET),Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 343-351, July – September (2012). [2] Ajoy Kumar Mauria, Yogesh K. Chauhan, R. K. Mishra-“Fuel Cell Integrated with Five Level VSI for Industrial Pump Applications”- International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.3, No.2, 2013. [3] Jianhui Wanegu , Fenglong Shan, and Yongkui Man-“Research on Control System of Three- Level Inverter Based on Indirect Field Orientation”- IEEE 978-1-4577-2074- 1/12, 2012. [4] P.Thirumuraugan, R.Preethy-“Closed Loop Control of Multilevel Inverter Using SVPWM for Grid Connected Photovoltaic System”- International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering-Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013. [5] Dr.Keith Corzene –“Operation and Design of Multilevel Inverters”- University of Missouri, June 2005. [6] Madhusudhan Singh, Arpit Agarwalla, Namrata Kaira-“Performance Evaluation of Multilevel Inverter with Advance PWM Control Techniques” IEEE Trans 978-1- 4673-0934-9/12, 2012 [7] K.Suria, Suresh and M.Vishnu Prasad-“PV Cell Based Five Level Inverter Using Multicarrier PWM” -International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.1, Issue.2, ISSN: 2249-6645, pp-545- 551. [8] Anurag Tripathi, Arunima Dey, Bharti Dwivedi, Bhim Singh, Danesh Chandra-“A New Closed Loop Speed Control Strategy for a Vector Controlled Three- Phase Induction Motor Drive”- Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, Journal Vol. XIV, No. 1, 2008. [9] Laid Zarour, Rachid Chennie , Abdelhalim Borni, Aisa Bouzid-“Improvement of Synchronous and Asynchronous Motor Drive Systems supplied by Photovoltaic arrays with frequency control”- Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 59, no. 4, 2008, pp-169-177. [10] Fundamentals of Electrical Drives By-Gopal K. Dubey, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Ch 6- Induction Motor Drives, ISBN 978-81-7319-428-3 [11] P.C.Krause: Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems. [12] Dr. Bimal K. Bose-“Power Electronics and Motor Drives - Technology Advances, Trends and Applications”, Life Fellow, IEEE, Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2100 [13] Malcolm Barnes –“Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics”-Newness, ISBN: 0750658088, Publication Date: 2003- 07 [14] V Kumar Chinnayan, Dr.Jovitha Jerome, J.Kerpagam and T.Suresh-“Control Techniques for Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter”- IEEE 978-981-05-9423-7- 2007 RPS.
8. Krishna Prabhakar Lall et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 5), July 2014, pp.100-107
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APPENDIX Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Parameters 3-Ø, 415v Stator Resistance Rs=6.03 Ω Rotor Resistance Rr=6.085 Ω Magnetizing Inductance Lm=0.4893 H Base Frequency f 50 Hz Number Of Poles P=6 Synchronous Speed Ns 1000 rpm
Moment Of Inertia
J=0.011787 Magnetic flux Density
B=0.0027 Wb/m2 Rotor & Stator Inductance Lr=0.5192 H Ls=0.5192 H