The document provides background information on the rise of Rome. It discusses Rome's origins in Latium on the Tiber River and its founding legends. The Etruscans influenced early Roman civilization and its army. Rome later established a republic after overthrowing Etruscan rulers and organized its military into legions.

2. The Rise of Rome

12. What was the benefit of organizing soldiers into legions? Smaller bands of troops were easier to maneuver than one large army. Rome’s Beginnings

13. Where did the Greeks live in Italy, and how did they influence Roman civilization? Greeks colonized southern Italy and Sicily. They passed on farming methods, sculpture, literature, and an alphabet. Rome’s Beginnings

14. Describe the two legends that tell of the founding of Rome. Then describe how and when Rome was actually founded. The legend of Romulus and Remus and the Aeneas story. Rome was probably founded by Latins in c. 700s B.C. Rome’s Beginnings

24. Why did Rome create a navy? Carthage was a great sea power. To beat the Carthaginians, the Romans had to build a great naval fleet. The Roman Republic

25. What does mare nostrum mean, and why did the Romans use the term? It means “our sea.” The Romans controlled the Mediterranean Sea. The Roman Republic

26. Geography Skills Where was Carthage located, and why did it compete with Rome? Carthage was located on the coast of North Africa and was a trading rival of Rome. The Roman Republic

27. Summarize What other conquests did Rome carry out during the period of the Punic Wars? Rome conquered Macedonia, Greece, and Asia Minor. The Roman Republic

38. The Fall of the Republic What is a triumvirate? a political alliance of three people

39. The Fall of the Republic Who was Cicero, and how did he influence the writers of the United States Constitution? Cicero was a political leader whose ideas on a representative government with limited powers influenced the U.S. Constitution.

40. Analyze What reforms did Julius Caesar put in place that increased his popularity with poor and working-class Romans? Caesar provided land for the poor and created new jobs. He also ordered landholders to hire more free workers. The Fall of the Republic

41. Persuasive Writing Imagine you are a Roman citizen. Decide whether you would have been for or against Julius Caesar’s rise to power and his reforms. Then write a newspaper editorial explaining your views. Be sure to include facts to support your opinions. Your editorial should include facts to support your opinions. The Fall of the Republic

51. The Early Empire What was the Pax Romana ? a period of peace and prosperity lasting 200 years

52. Sequencing Information Describe the sequence of emperors who ruled Rome, from Augustus through the “Good Emperors.” Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius The Early Empire

53. Analyze Why was Rome’s creation of a common currency important? A common Roman currency advanced trade throughout the empire. The Early Empire

56. How did treating people fairly help Rome to increase its power? Treating conquered people fairly inspired loyalty to the Roman government. The Rise of Rome Section 1 Rome’s Beginnings Review Main Ideas

57. How did the roles of patricians and plebeians differ in Roman society? Patricians were the upper class and plebeians were the lower class. The Rise of Rome Section 2 Roman Republic Review Main Ideas

58. Explain how Rome gradually defeated the Carthaginians. Rome developed a navy and eventually attacked Carthage. The Rise of Rome Section 2 Roman Republic Review Main Ideas

59. How did Augustus change the Roman Republic? He replaced it with an empire. The Rise of Rome Section 3 The Fall of the Republic Review Main Ideas

61. Click the map to view an interactive version.

62. Click the map to view an interactive version.

63. Click the map to view an interactive version.

66. Julius Caesar was born to a patrician family. According to myth, Julius’ ancestor was the goddess Venus. The Fall of the Republic

67. The first fire brigade, or fire department, was created by Augustus. The Early Empire

68. The Aeneid

69. Augustus 63 B.C–A.D. 14

70. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 8–1 Chapter 8

71. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 8 – 2 Chapter 8

72. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 8 – 3 Chapter 8

73. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 8 – 4 Chapter 8