The document provides information about ancient Roman civilization and the later Byzantine Empire. It discusses important figures in Roman culture like Virgil, Horace, and Galen. It describes daily life in Rome, including housing, education, roles of men and women. It then summarizes the decline of the Western Roman Empire due to invasions and the rise of the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople under Emperor Justinian.

2. Roman Civilization

16. What were some of Ptolemy’s scientific achievements? He mapped more than 1,000 stars and studied the motions of the planets. Life in Ancient Rome

17. Life in Ancient Rome How were the Roman and Greek religions similar? The Romans adopted Greek gods and gave them Roman names.

30. What ideas in the U.S. legal system came from the Roman system? We believe that all people are created equal, that people are innocent until proven guilty, that judges should be fair, and that the best form of government is a republic made up of equal citizens. The Fall of Rome

31. Why did the Roman government use Germanic warriors in its army? The Romans used Germanic warriors to help defend its borders. The Fall of Rome

32. Persuasive Writing Imagine you are living in Rome around the time of the fall of the empire. Write an editorial for a newspaper identifying what you think is the main reason for the decline and fall of the empire, and what might have been done to prevent it. Answers will vary. The Fall of Rome

44. The Byzantine Empire What is a mosaic, and where were mosaics found in the Byzantine Empire? A mosaic is a picture made of tiny pieces of colored glass or stone, usually found in churches and monasteries.

45. Explain Why were divorces difficult to get in the Byzantine Empire? Religion and the government stressed the importance of marriage. The Byzantine Empire

46. Persuasive Writing Which civilization do you think was the most advanced —that of the Greeks, the Romans, or the Byzantines? Write a speech explaining your answer. Answers will vary. The Byzantine Empire

49. Section 1 Life in Ancient Rome What did the Romans borrow from the Greeks? What did they develop on their own? Romans borrowed ideas in sculpture, architecture (porches, colonnades) and literature. They developed architecture (vault, dome, concrete), roads, aqueducts, and law and government. Roman Civilization Review Main Ideas

50. Section 2 The Fall of Rome What weakened the Roman Empire? Poor leadership, a declining economy, and attacks by Germanic tribes weakened the Roman Empire. Roman Civilization Review Main Ideas

51. What caused the fall of Rome in the A.D. 400s? Germanic invasions Roman Civilization Section 2 The Fall of Rome Review Main Ideas

52. What different groups of people contributed to the Byzantine culture? Greeks, Egyptians, Slavs, Persians, and others Roman Civilization Section 3 The Byzantine Empire Review Main Ideas

53. Click the map to view an interactive version.

54. Click the map to view an interactive version.

57. c. A.D. 280 – 337 Constantine The Great

58. Ptolemy was limited to what he could see with his own eyes. When observed from the earth, the other planets and stars seem to rotate around. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9–1 Chapter 9

59. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9–2 Chapter 9

60. Answers will vary, but should reflect that the Muslim Turks wanted to hide Christian symbols. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9–3 Chapter 9