This document provides information about peptic ulcers, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Peptic ulcers develop as open sores in the stomach or small intestine due to excessive acid. The most common causes are infection by H. pylori bacteria and long-term use of pain medications like ibuprofen. Symptoms include stomach pain that is often relieved by food. Diagnosis involves tests to detect H. pylori and endoscopy. Treatment focuses on eliminating the bacteria with antibiotics if present, reducing acid production, and promoting healing. Lifestyle changes like hand washing can help prevent ulcers by reducing infection risk.
This is a paper presented to my English class at my university. Tube well received by my teacher because the issue is not well known and was a first for the class.
The issue is related to most of the disorders are observed and diagnosed in my work.
Peptic ulcer ( a medical study)- definition, causes, pathophysiology etc martinshaji
Peptic ulcers include:
Gastric ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach
Esophageal ulcers that occur inside the hollow tube (esophagus) that carries food from your throat to your stomach
Duodenal ulcers that occur on the inside of the upper portion of your small intestine (duodenum)
It's a myth that spicy foods or a stressful job can cause peptic ulcers. Doctors now know that a bacterial infection or some medications — not stress or diet — cause most peptic ulcers.
this is a detailed study on peptic ulcer
please comment
thank you
This is a paper presented to my English class at my university. Tube well received by my teacher because the issue is not well known and was a first for the class.
The issue is related to most of the disorders are observed and diagnosed in my work.
Peptic ulcer ( a medical study)- definition, causes, pathophysiology etc martinshaji
Peptic ulcers include:
Gastric ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach
Esophageal ulcers that occur inside the hollow tube (esophagus) that carries food from your throat to your stomach
Duodenal ulcers that occur on the inside of the upper portion of your small intestine (duodenum)
It's a myth that spicy foods or a stressful job can cause peptic ulcers. Doctors now know that a bacterial infection or some medications — not stress or diet — cause most peptic ulcers.
this is a detailed study on peptic ulcer
please comment
thank you
Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They're usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids. Peptic ulcers are a fairly common health problem.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
1. UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE MACHALA
ACADEMIC UNIT OF CHEMICAL
SCIENCES AND HEALTH
MEDICINE SCHOOL
ENGLISH
PEPTIC ULCER
STUDENTS
William Cruz
Kevin Herrera
Jorge Pacheco
Angie Chamba
Sonia Quijilema
TEACHER:
Mgs. Barreto Huilcapi Lina Maribel
CLASS:
EIGHTH SEMESTER ‘’A’’
Machala, El Oro
2018
2. Peptic Ulcer
Definition
Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the inner lining of the stomach and upper part
of the small intestine. Stomach pain is the most common symptom of a peptic ulcer.
Peptic ulcers include the following:
Peptic ulcers that occur inside the stomach
Duodenal ulcers that occur inside the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum)
The most frequent causes of peptic ulcers are infection by the bacterium Helicobacter
pylori (H. pylori) and the prolonged use of aspirin and other analgesics, such as ibuprofen
(Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, Anaprox, others). Stress and spicy
foods do not cause peptic ulcers. However, they can make the symptoms worse.
Etiology
Peptic ulcers occur when the acid in the digestive tract is consumed on the inner surface of
the stomach or small intestine. The acid can create a painful sore that can bleed.
3. The digestive tract is covered with a mucous layer that usually protects against acid.
However, if the amount of acid increases or the amount of mucus decreases, you may
develop an ulcer. The most frequent causes include the following:
A bacteria The bacterium Helicobacter pylori often lives in the mucous layer that covers
and protects the tissues that line the stomach and small intestine. Often, the H. pylori
bacterium does not cause problems, but it can cause inflammation of the inner layer of the
stomach and produce an ulcer.
It is not clear how H. pylori infection spreads. It is possible that it is transmitted from one
person to another through close contact, such as kissing. People can also get H. pylori
through food and water.
Usual use of certain analgesics. Taking an aspirin, as well as several over-the-counter or
prescription pain medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can irritate and
inflame the stomach and small intestine layer. These medications include ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, Anaprox, others), but without paracetamol
(Tylenol).
Peptic ulcers are more common in older adults who take these pain medications frequently
or in people who take these medications for osteoarthritis.
Other medications Taking other medications along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs, such as steroids, anticoagulants, low-dose aspirin, selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs), alendronate (Fosamax), and risedronate (Actonel), can significantly
increase the chances of developing ulcers.
Signs and symptoms
Stomach pain
Feel full, inflamed and with gas
Intolerance to fatty foods
Acidity
Sickness
The most frequent symptom of peptic ulcer is pain due to stomach burning. The stomach
acids make the pain worse, like when you have an empty stomach. Pain can often be
relieved by certain foods that control the acidity of your stomach or with certain
4. medications that reduce acidity, but then you can go back. The pain may be worse between
meals and at night.
About 75% of people with peptic ulcers have no symptoms.
Less commonly, ulcers can cause serious signs or symptoms such as the following:
Vomiting or vomiting with blood (which can be red or black)
Dark blood in the stool, or black or tarry stools
Trouble breathing
Dizziness
Nausea or vomiting
Weight loss without apparent cause
Changes in appetite
Diagnosis
Before detecting an ulcer, the doctor will review your medical history and perform a
physical examination. Then, you must perform diagnostic tests, such as:
Laboratory tests for H. pylori. The doctor will give you tests to determine if H. pylori
bacteria is present in your body. Through a breathing test, stool or blood test, it will detect
if you have H. pylori. The breath test is the most accurate. Blood tests are usually not
accurate and should not be used routinely.
For the breath test, they will tell you to drink or eat something that will contain radioactive
carbon. H. pylori breaks down the substance in your stomach. Then, you will have to blow
into a bag that, at the end, will be sealed. If you are infected with H. pylori, your breath
sample will contain the radioactive carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
If you take an antacid before the test for H. pylori, make sure your doctor knows.
Depending on the test you do, you will need to interrupt your medication for a certain time,
since antacids can give false negative results.
Endoscopy The doctor may use an endoscope to examine the upper part of your digestive
system (endoscopy). During endoscopy, the doctor will insert a tube equipped with a lens
(endoscope) down the throat into the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Through the
endoscope, the doctor will look for ulcers.
5. If the doctor detects any, a small sample of tissue (biopsy) will be removed for examination
in the laboratory. A biopsy can also identify if you have H. pylori in the stomach
membrane.
The doctor is more likely to indicate an endoscopy if you are older, have signs of bleeding
or have recently experienced weight loss or difficulty eating or swallowing. If the
endoscopy shows an ulcer in the stomach, a follow-up endoscopy should be performed after
the treatment to verify that the ulcer has healed, even if the symptoms have improved.
Upper gastrointestinal series. Also known as barium intake, this series of X-rays of the
upper digestive system takes images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. During
the x-ray, you will swallow a white liquid containing barium. The digestive tract will
receive the fluid and make the ulcer, if it exists, more visible.
Treatment
The treatment for peptic ulcers depends on the cause. Generally, treatment involves the
elimination of H. pylori bacteria, if present, the suppression or reduction of the use of
aspirin and similar analgesics, if possible, and the administration of medications to help the
ulcer heal.
The medications can be the following:
Antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori bacteria. If H. pylori bacteria is found in the
gastrointestinal tract, the doctor may recommend a combination of antibiotics to eliminate
it. These can be amoxicillin (Amoxil), clarithromycin (Biaxin), metronidazole (Flagyl),
tinidazole (Tindamax), tetracycline (tetracycline HCL) and levofloxacin (Levaquin).
The antibiotics used will be determined according to your place of residence and the current
antibiotic resistance rates. You probably need to take antibiotics for two weeks, in addition
to other medications to decrease stomach acid, for example, a proton pump inhibitor and,
possibly, bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).
Medications that block the production of acid and help healing. Proton pump inhibitors,
also called PPIs, decrease stomach acid by blocking the action of the parts of the cells that
produce acid. These medications include prescription and over-the-counter medications
omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), esomeprazole
(Nexium), and pantoprazole (Protonix).
6. Prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors, especially at high doses, may increase the risk of
fractures of the hip, wrist and spine. Ask your doctor if a calcium supplement may reduce
this risk.
Medications to decrease the production of acid. Acid blockers, also called histamine (H2)
blockers, decrease the amount of stomach acid that is released into the digestive tract,
which relieves pain from the ulcer and helps healing.
Acid blockers, which may be prescribed or over-the-counter, include ranitidine (Zantac),
famotidine (Pepcid), cimetidine (Tagamet HB) and nizatidine (Axid AR).
Antacids that neutralize stomach acid. The doctor can add an antacid to the medicines you
take. Antacids neutralize existing stomach acid and can provide rapid pain relief. Side
effects may consist of constipation or diarrhea, depending on the main components.
Antacids can provide relief from symptoms, but they are not usually used to heal the ulcer.
Medications that protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. In some cases, the
doctor may prescribe medications called cytoprotective agents that help protect the tissues
lining the stomach and small intestine.
Prevention
You can reduce the risk of peptic ulcer if you follow the same strategies that are
recommended as home remedies to treat ulcers. The following tips may also be useful:
Protect yourself against infections. It is not clear how H. pylori spreads, but there is
evidence to show that it can be transmitted from one person to another, or through food or
water.
You can take measures to protect yourself from infections, such as H. pylori, for example
by washing your hands frequently with soap and water, consuming foods that have been
completely cooked.
Be careful with the use of analgesics. If you regularly take painkillers that increase the risk
of peptic ulcer, take steps to reduce the risk of stomach problems. For example, take your
medications with meals.
Work with your doctor to find the lowest possible dose that relieves pain. Avoid drinking
alcohol when you take your medication, because both can combine and increase the risk of
stomach upset.
7. If you need to take a medication for pain associated with ulcers, you should also take
antacid medications, proton pump inhibitors, an acid blocker or a cytoprotective agent.
Bibliography
Chan FKL, Lau JYW. Peptic ulcer disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt
LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease:
Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier
Saunders; 2016: chap 53.
Gurusamy KS, Pallari E. Medical versus surgical treatment for refractory or
recurrent peptic ulcer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 3: CD011523. PMID:
27025289 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025289
Lanas A, Chan FKL. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet. 2017; 390 (10094): 613-624.
PMID: 28242110 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28242110.